{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T10:04:18Z","timestamp":1783764258273,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Medical and Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province","award":["2023KY242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023KY242"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-90923-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T11:47:28Z","timestamp":1741607248000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Insights into associations between Life\u2019s essential 8 and lung function from NHANES data"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tong","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenye","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhikui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"90923_CR1","unstructured":"GBD Chronic Respiratory Disease Collaborators. Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Respir Med. 8, 585\u2013596 (2020)."},{"key":"90923_CR2","unstructured":"GOLD Spirometry Guide - Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive. Lung Disease - GOLD. https:\/\/goldcopd.org\/gold-spirometry-guide\/"},{"key":"90923_CR3","unstructured":"Pocket Guide for Asthma Management and Prevention - Global Initiative. for Asthma - GINA. https:\/\/ginasthma.org\/pocket-guide-for-asthma-management-and-prevention\/"},{"key":"90923_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stanojevic, S. et al. ERS\/ATS technical standard on interpretive strategies for routine lung function tests. Eur. Respir J. 60, 2101499 (2022).","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01499-2021"},{"key":"90923_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pellegrino, R. et al. Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. Eur. Respir. J. 26, 948\u2013968 (2005).","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00035205"},{"key":"90923_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G, E. et al. Lung function, insulin resistance and incidence of cardiovascular disease: a longitudinal cohort study. J. Intern. Med. 253, (2003).","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2003.01138.x"},{"key":"90923_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C, B. et al. Subclinical impairment of lung function is related to mild cardiac dysfunction and manifest heart failure in the general population. Int. J. Cardiol. 218, (2016).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.05.034"},{"key":"90923_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magnussen, C. et al. FEV1 and FVC predict all-cause mortality independent of cardiac function - results from the population-based Gutenberg Health Study. Int. J. Cardiol. 234, 64\u201368 (2017).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.02.012"},{"key":"90923_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, J. et al. Preserved ratio impaired Spirometry in Relationship to Cardiovascular outcomes: a large prospective cohort study. Chest 163, 610\u2013623 (2023).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.11.003"},{"key":"90923_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lloyd-Jones, D. M. et al. Life\u2019s essential 8: updating and enhancing the American Heart Association\u2019s construct of Cardiovascular Health: a Presidential Advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation 146, e18\u2013e43 (2022).","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001078"},{"key":"90923_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Y. et al. Association between Life\u2019s essential 8 score and risk of premature mortality in people with and without type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 39, e3636 (2023).","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3636"},{"key":"90923_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J, S. et al. Association of the American Heart Association\u2019s new \u2018Life\u2019s essential 8\u2019 with all-cause and cardiovascular disease-specific mortality: prospective cohort study. BMC Med. 21, (2023).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-02824-8"},{"key":"90923_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Yi, J., Guo, X. & Ren, X. Associations between life\u2019s essential 8 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among US adults. J. Translational Med. 20, 616 (2022).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03839-0"},{"key":"90923_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butland, B. K., Fehily, A. M. & Elwood, P. C. Diet, lung function, and lung function decline in a cohort of 2512 middle aged men. Thorax 55, 102\u2013108 (2000).","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.55.2.102"},{"key":"90923_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Twisk, J. W., Staal, B. J., Brinkman, M. N., Kemper, H. C. & van Mechelen, W. Tracking of lung function parameters and the longitudinal relationship with lifestyle. Eur. Respir J. 12, 627\u2013634 (1998).","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12030627"},{"key":"90923_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller, M. R. et al. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur. Respir J. 26, 319\u2013338 (2005).","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805"},{"key":"90923_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quanjer, P. H., Pretto, J. J., Brazzale, D. J. & Boros, P. W. Grading the severity of airways obstruction: new wine in new bottles. Eur. Respir J. 43, 505\u2013512 (2014).","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00086313"},{"key":"90923_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quanjer, P. H. et al. Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3-95-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations. Eur. Respir J. 40, 1324\u20131343 (2012).","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080312"},{"key":"90923_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sm, K. S. et al. Update of the healthy eating index: HEI-2015. J. Acad. Nutr. Dietetics 118, (2018).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2018.05.021"},{"key":"90923_CR20","unstructured":"Et, K. & K, F. J, O., S, C. The healthy eating index: design and applications. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 95, (1995)."},{"key":"90923_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dm, L. J. et al. Status of Cardiovascular Health in US Adults and Children Using the American Heart Association\u2019s New \u2018Life\u2019s Essential 8\u2019 Metrics: Prevalence Estimates From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2013 Through 2018. Circulation 146, (2022).","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001113"},{"key":"90923_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K, A., Rr, B., Ea, F. & Cm, O. Food insufficiency exists in the United States: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Am. J. Public Health 88, (1998).","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.3.419"},{"key":"90923_CR23","unstructured":"La, I. et al. New Creatinine- and cystatin C-Based equations to Estimate GFR without Race. N. Engl. J. Med. 385, (2021)."},{"key":"90923_CR24","unstructured":"Mb, S., Ma, M. G., Tt, F., Ah, L. & Ng, F. Food based dietary patterns and chronic disease prevention. BMJ (Clinical Res. ed.) 361, (2018)."},{"key":"90923_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pf, Z. et al. Dietary Patterns and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Meta-analysis. COPD 13, (2016).","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2015.1098606"},{"key":"90923_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T, V. et al. Predictors of New Airway Obstruction - An 11 Year\u2019s Population-Based Follow-Up Study. COPD 16, (2019).","DOI":"10.1080\/15412555.2019.1576163"},{"key":"90923_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M, S. A. et al. Effects of Mediterranean diet on lung function in smokers: a randomised, parallel and controlled protocol. BMC Public. Health 15, (2015).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1450-x"},{"key":"90923_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P, S. et al. Influence of mediterranean diet on asthma symptoms, lung function, and systemic inflammation: a randomized controlled trial. J. Asthma 50, (2013).","DOI":"10.3109\/02770903.2012.740120"},{"key":"90923_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"La, S. & Nj, W. A, J. Interaction of vitamin C with the relation between smoking and obstructive airways disease in EPIC Norfolk. European prospective investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Eur. Respir. J. 16, (2000).","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.016003397.x"},{"key":"90923_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A, G. et al. Serum carotenoids, vitamins a and E, and 8 year lung function decline in a general population. Thorax 61, (2006).","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.047373"},{"key":"90923_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tm, M. et al. A multivariate analysis of serum nutrient levels and lung function. Respir. Res. 9, (2008).","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-9-67"},{"key":"90923_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bk, P. et al. Investigating associations of Omega-3 fatty acids, lung function decline, and Airway obstruction. Am. J. Respir. Crit Care Med. 208, (2023).","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202301-0074OC"},{"key":"90923_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M, P. et al. Delaying decline in pulmonary function with physical activity: a 25-year follow-up. Am. J. Respir. Crit Care Med. 168, (2003).","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200208-954OC"},{"key":"90923_CR34","unstructured":"S, D. et al. Effects of replacing sitting time with physical activity on lung function: an analysis of the Canadian longitudinal study on aging. Health Rep. 30, (2019)."},{"key":"90923_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G, O. & M, H. The association between leisure-time physical activity and lung function in older adults: the English longitudinal study of ageing. Prev. Med. 106, (2018).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.10.030"},{"key":"90923_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ja, D. & Jh, H. A, L. G. Is the healthy respiratory system built just right, overbuilt, or underbuilt to meet the demands imposed by exercise? Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 129, (2020). (1985).","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00444.2020"},{"key":"90923_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mj, C. et al. Experimental lung injury promotes alterations in energy metabolism and respiratory mechanics in the lungs of rats: prevention by exercise. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 389, (2014).","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-013-1944-8"},{"key":"90923_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, B., Small, M., Bergstr\u00f6m, G. & Holmgren, U. A cross-sectional survey of night-time symptoms and impact of sleep disturbance on symptoms and health status in patients with COPD. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 12, 589\u2013599 (2017).","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S122485"},{"key":"90923_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, Z., Zhang, H., Hu, K. & Song, X. Associations between sleep duration, lung function, FeNO and blood eosinophils among current asthmatics (NHANES 2007-12). J. Breath. Res. 15, 026008 (2021).","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/abd192"},{"key":"90923_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dempsey, J. A. & Gibbons, T. D. Rethinking O2, CO2 and breathing during wakefulness and sleep. J. Physiol. 602, 5571\u20135585 (2024).","DOI":"10.1113\/JP284551"},{"key":"90923_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Everson, C. A., Henchen, C. J., Szabo, A. & Hogg, N. Cell injury and repair resulting from sleep loss and sleep recovery in laboratory rats. Sleep 37, 1929\u20131940 (2014).","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4244"},{"key":"90923_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C, G. G. et al. Women and COPD: do we need more evidence? Eur. Respiratory Rev. : Official J. Eur. Respiratory Soc. 28, (2019).","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0055-2018"},{"key":"90923_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mk, H. et al. Gender and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: why it matters. Am. J. Respir. Crit Care Med. 176, (2007).","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200704-553CC"},{"key":"90923_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Et, R. et al. Nicotine promotes e-cigarette vapour-induced lung inflammation and structural alterations. Eur. Respir. J. 61, (2023).","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00951-2022"},{"key":"90923_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prado, C. M., Gonzalez, M. C. & Heymsfield, S. B. Body composition phenotypes and obesity paradox. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care. 18, 535\u2013551 (2015).","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000216"},{"key":"90923_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Z. et al. Association between waist circumference and lung function in American middle-aged and older adults: findings from NHANES 2007\u20132012. J. Health Popul. Nutr. 43, 98 (2024).","DOI":"10.1186\/s41043-024-00592-6"},{"key":"90923_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sep\u00falveda-Loyola, W. et al. Diagnosis, prevalence, and clinical impact of Sarcopenia in COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 11, 1164\u20131176 (2020).","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12600"},{"key":"90923_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klein, O. L., Krishnan, J. A., Glick, S. & Smith, L. J. Systematic review of the association between lung function and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet. Med. 27, 977\u2013987 (2010).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2010.03073.x"},{"key":"90923_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, R. H. et al. Non-linear association between diabetes mellitus and pulmonary function: a population-based study. Respir Res. 21, 292 (2020).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-01538-2"},{"key":"90923_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Y. et al. Relationship between lung function and blood pressure in Chinese men and women of Beijing and Guangzhou. PRC-USA Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Epidemiology Research Group. Int. J. Epidemiol. 27, 49\u201356 (1998).","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/27.1.49"},{"key":"90923_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takase, M. et al. Association between lung function and hypertension and home hypertension in a Japanese population: the Tohoku Medical Megabank Community-based Cohort Study. J. Hypertens. 41, 443 (2023).","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003356"},{"key":"90923_CR52","unstructured":"Nurul Yaqeen, M. E. et al. Correlation between blood pressure and lung function in Malaysian adult population. Med. J. Malaysia. 77, 602\u2013606 (2022)."},{"key":"90923_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cirillo, D. J., Agrawal, Y. & Cassano, P. A. Lipids and pulmonary function in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am. J. Epidemiol. 155, 842\u2013848 (2002).","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.9.842"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-90923-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-90923-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-90923-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T11:47:52Z","timestamp":1741607272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-90923-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["90923"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-90923-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The participant has consented to the submission of this article to the journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) program received approval from the National Center for Health Statistics Research (NCHS) Ethics Review Board, and all survey participants consented by signing a consent form. The NCHS permits researchers to utilize the data they provide for research purposes. Prior to public release, the NCHS anonymizes NHANES data, ensuring anonymity throughout analysis. Hence, no additional ethical approval or informed consent was necessary for our secondary data analysis in this study. Further information regarding the NCHS Research Ethics Review Board Approval is available on the NHANES website ().","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics declarations"}}],"article-number":"8243"}}