{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:18:59Z","timestamp":1790806739071,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743206400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2018\/31\/N\/HS6\/03962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/31\/N\/HS6\/03962"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Uniwersytet Jagiello&amp;#x0144;ski w Krakowie","award":["N12\/MNW\/000038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N12\/MNW\/000038"]}]},{"name":"Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej","award":["START 2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["START 2024"]}]},{"name":"EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","award":["ERC_CoG_772337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC_CoG_772337"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NWO_Crossover_17619"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NWO_Crossover_17619"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-91177-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T19:59:55Z","timestamp":1743278395000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Lateral frontopolar theta-band activity supports flexible switching between emotion regulation strategies"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6670-2417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka K.","family":"Adamczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0752-0805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bob","family":"Bramson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3628-6712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saskia B. J.","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1091-5485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslaw","family":"Wyczesany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0655-8067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacobien M.","family":"van Peer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8863-8978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Roelofs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"91177_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691613504116","volume":"8","author":"GA Bonanno","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bonanno, G. A. & Burton, C. L. Regulatory flexibility: An individual differences perspective on coping and emotion regulation. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 8, 591\u2013612 (2013).","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"91177_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112739","volume":"11","author":"G Sheppes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sheppes, G., Suri, G. & Gross, J. J. Emotion regulation and psychopathology. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 11, 379\u2013405 (2015).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"91177_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.111","volume":"18","author":"FA Mansouri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mansouri, F. A., Koechlin, E., Rosa, M. G. P. & Buckley, M. J. Managing competing goals - A key role for the frontopolar cortex. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 18, 645\u2013657 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"91177_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.11.003","volume":"95","author":"SBJ Koch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koch, S. B. J., Mars, R. B., Toni, I. & Roelofs, K. Emotional control, reappraised. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 95, 528\u2013534 (2018).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"91177_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bramson, B., den Ouden, H. E., Toni, I. & Roelofs, K. Improving emotional-action control by targeting long-range phase-amplitude neuronal coupling. eLife 9, e59600 (2020).","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.59600"},{"key":"91177_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4880","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40666-3","volume":"14","author":"B Bramson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bramson, B., Meijer, S., van Nuland, A., Toni, I. & Roelofs, K. Anxious individuals shift emotion control from lateral frontal pole to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Nat. Commun. 14, 4880 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"91177_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.05.014","volume":"62","author":"ED Boorman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boorman, E. D., Behrens, T. E. J., Woolrich, M. W. & Rushworth, M. F. S. How green is the grass on the other side? Frontopolar cortex and the evidence in favor of alternative courses of action. Neuron 62, 733\u2013743 (2009).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"91177_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001093","volume":"9","author":"ED Boorman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boorman, E. D., Behrens, T. E. & Rushworth, M. F. Counterfactual choice and learning in a neural network centered on human lateral frontopolar cortex. PLoS Biol. 9, e1001093 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"91177_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.15003","volume":"1525","author":"K Roelofs","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roelofs, K., Bramson, B. & Toni, I. A neurocognitive theory of flexible emotion control: The role of the lateral frontal pole in emotion regulation. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1525, 28\u201340 (2023).","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"91177_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5739","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3382-17.2018","volume":"38","author":"B Bramson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bramson, B., Jensen, O., Toni, I. & Roelofs, K. Cortical oscillatory mechanisms supporting the control of human social-emotional actions. J. Neurosci. 38, 5739\u20135749 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"91177_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr332","volume":"22","author":"JF Cavanagh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cavanagh, J. F., Figueroa, C. M., Cohen, M. X. & Frank, M. J. Frontal theta reflects uncertainty and unexpectedness during exploration and exploitation. Cereb. Cortex 22, 2575\u20132586 (2012).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"91177_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4071","volume":"18","author":"B Voytek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Voytek, B. et al. Oscillatory dynamics coordinating human frontal networks in support of goal maintenance. Nat. Neurosci. 18, 1318\u20131324 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"91177_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1612-16.2016","volume":"37","author":"ME Wokke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wokke, M. E., Cleeremans, A. & Ridderinkhof, K. R. Sure I\u2019m sure: Prefrontal oscillations support metacognitive monitoring of decision making. J. Neurosci. 37, 781\u2013789 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"91177_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3943","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24197-3","volume":"12","author":"A Soutschek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soutschek, A., Moisa, M., Ruff, C. C. & Tobler, P. N. Frontopolar theta oscillations link metacognition with prospective decision making. Nat. Commun. 12, 3943 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"91177_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117557","volume":"226","author":"M Domic-Siede","year":"2021","unstructured":"Domic-Siede, M., Irani, M., Vald\u00e9s, J., Perrone-Bertolotti, M. & Ossand\u00f3n, T. Theta activity from frontopolar cortex, mid-cingulate cortex and anterior cingulate cortex shows different roles in cognitive planning performance. NeuroImage 226, 117557 (2021).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"91177_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056039","volume":"8","author":"A Costa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Costa, A. et al. the right frontopolar cortex is involved in visual-spatial prospective memory. PLOS ONE 8, e56039 (2013).","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"91177_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.03.007","volume":"77","author":"JE Lisman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lisman, J. E. & Jensen, O. The \u03b8-\u03b3 neural code. Neuron 77, 1002\u20131016 (2013).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"91177_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1522-21.2021","volume":"42","author":"RC Lapate","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lapate, R. C., Ballard, I. C., Heckner, M. K. & D\u2019Esposito, M. Emotional context sculpts action goal representations in the lateral frontal pole. J. Neurosci. 42, 1529\u20131541 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"91177_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.07.002","volume":"38","author":"D Badre","year":"2021","unstructured":"Badre, D., Bhandari, A., Keglovits, H. & Kikumoto, A. The dimensionality of neural representations for control. Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. 38, 20\u201328 (2021).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"91177_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adamczyk, A. K., Koch, S. B. J., Wyczesany, M., Roelofs, K. & van Peer, J. M. Emotion regulation flexibility: EEG\/EMG predictors and consequences of switching between reappraisal and distraction strategies. Psychophysiology e14646 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.14646.","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14646"},{"key":"91177_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn4044","volume":"16","author":"A Etkin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Etkin, A., B\u00fcchel, C. & Gross, J. J. The neural bases of emotion regulation. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 16, 693\u2013700 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"91177_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2016.06.004","volume":"10","author":"K McRae","year":"2016","unstructured":"McRae, K. Cognitive emotion regulation: A review of theory and scientific findings. Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. 10, 119\u2013124 (2016).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"91177_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.03.010","volume":"9","author":"K Ochsner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ochsner, K. & Gross, J. The cognitive control of emotion. Trends Cognit. Sci. 9, 242\u2013249 (2005).","journal-title":"Trends Cognit. Sci."},{"key":"91177_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.06.030","volume":"23","author":"KN Ochsner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ochsner, K. N. et al. For better or for worse: Neural systems supporting the cognitive down- and up-regulation of negative emotion. NeuroImage 23, 483\u2013499 (2004).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"91177_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030831","volume":"143","author":"G Sheppes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sheppes, G. et al. Emotion regulation choice: A conceptual framework and supporting evidence. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 143, 163\u2013181 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Gen."},{"key":"91177_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000157","volume":"16","author":"JL Birk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Birk, J. L. & Bonanno, G. A. When to throw the switch: The adaptiveness of modifying emotion regulation strategies based on affective and physiological feedback. Emotion 16, 657\u2013670 (2016).","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"91177_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dorman Ilan, S., Shafir, R., Birk, J. L., Bonanno, G. A. & Sheppes, G. Monitoring in emotion regulation: behavioral decisions and neural consequences. Soc. Cognit. Affect. Neurosci. 14, 1273\u20131283 (2019).","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsaa001"},{"key":"91177_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.07.004","volume":"65","author":"MT Dryman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dryman, M. T. & Heimberg, R. G. Emotion regulation in social anxiety and depression: A systematic review of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 65, 17\u201342 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"91177_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2018.08.009","volume":"24","author":"LD de Voogd","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Voogd, L. D., Hermans, E. J. & Phelps, E. A. Regulating defensive survival circuits through cognitive demand via large-scale network reorganization. Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. 24, 124\u2013129 (2018).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"91177_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adamczyk, A. K., Wyczesany, M. & van Peer, J. M. High working memory load impairs reappraisal but facilitates distraction \u2013 An event-related potential investigation. Biol. Psychol. 108327 (2022) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2022.108327.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2022.108327"},{"key":"91177_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsv022","volume":"10","author":"R Shafir","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shafir, R., Schwartz, N., Blechert, J. & Sheppes, G. Emotional intensity influences pre-implementation and implementation of distraction and reappraisal. Soc. Cognit. Affect. Neurosci. 10, 1329\u20131337 (2015).","journal-title":"Soc. Cognit. Affect. Neurosci."},{"key":"91177_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsw114","volume":"11","author":"R Shafir","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shafir, R., Thiruchselvam, R., Suri, G., Gross, J. J. & Sheppes, G. Neural processing of emotional-intensity predicts emotion regulation choice. Soc. Cognit. Affect. Neurosci. 11, 1863\u20131871 (2016).","journal-title":"Soc. Cognit. Affect. Neurosci."},{"key":"91177_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2017.1371003","volume":"32","author":"G Suri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Suri, G. et al. Emotion regulation choice: The role of environmental affordances. Cognit. Emot. 32, 963\u2013971 (2018).","journal-title":"Cognit. Emot."},{"key":"91177_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2019.1611544","volume":"34","author":"G Young","year":"2020","unstructured":"Young, G. & Suri, G. Emotion regulation choice: A broad examination of external factors. Cognit. Emot. 34, 242\u2013261 (2020).","journal-title":"Cognit. Emot."},{"key":"91177_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1982.tb02516.x","volume":"19","author":"U Dimberg","year":"1982","unstructured":"Dimberg, U. Facial reactions to facial expressions. Psychophysiology 19, 643\u2013647 (1982).","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"91177_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019015","volume":"10","author":"RD Ray","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ray, R. D., McRae, K., Ochsner, K. N. & Gross, J. J. Cognitive reappraisal of negative affect: Converging evidence from EMG and self-report. Emotion 10, 587\u2013592 (2010).","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"91177_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017434","volume":"10","author":"HL Urry","year":"2010","unstructured":"Urry, H. L. Seeing, thinking, and feeling: Emotion-regulating effects of gaze-directed cognitive reappraisal. Emotion 10, 125\u2013135 (2010).","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"91177_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14387","volume":"60","author":"SD Kreibig","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kreibig, S. D., Brown, A. S. & Gross, J. J. Quantitative versus qualitative emotion regulation goals: Differential effects on emotional responses. Psychophysiology 60, e14387 (2023).","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"91177_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-062111-150444","volume":"35","author":"G Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Buzs\u00e1ki, G. & Wang, X.-J. Mechanisms of gamma oscillations. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 35, 203\u2013225 (2012).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"91177_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00106.2010","volume":"104","author":"ABL Tort","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tort, A. B. L., Komorowski, R., Eichenbaum, H. & Kopell, N. Measuring phase-amplitude coupling between neuronal oscillations of different frequencies. J. Neurophysiol. 104, 1195\u20131210 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"91177_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.06.078","volume":"158","author":"R Gao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gao, R., Peterson, E. J. & Voytek, B. Inferring synaptic excitation\/inhibition balance from field potentials. NeuroImage 158, 70\u201378 (2017).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"91177_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.04.029","volume":"115","author":"G Nolte","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nolte, G. et al. Identifying true brain interaction from EEG data using the imaginary part of coherency. Clin. Neurophysiol. 115, 2292\u20132307 (2004).","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"91177_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.234101","volume":"100","author":"G Nolte","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nolte, G. et al. Robustly estimating the flow direction of information in complex physical systems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 234101 (2008).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"91177_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.11.012","volume":"81","author":"F-X Neubert","year":"2014","unstructured":"Neubert, F.-X., Mars, R. B., Thomas, A. G., Sallet, J. & Rushworth, M. F. S. Comparison of human ventral frontal cortex areas for cognitive control and language with areas in monkey frontal cortex. Neuron 81, 700\u2013713 (2014).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"91177_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Folloni, D. et al. Dichotomous organization of amygdala\/temporal-prefrontal bundles in both humans and monkeys. eLife 8, e47175 (2019).","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.47175"},{"key":"91177_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.08.050","volume":"21","author":"I Volman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Volman, I., Roelofs, K., Koch, S., Verhagen, L. & Toni, I. Anterior prefrontal cortex inhibition impairs control over social emotional actions. Curr. Biol. 21, 1766\u20131770 (2011).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"91177_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44571-7","volume":"15","author":"J Weber","year":"2024","unstructured":"Weber, J. et al. Ramping dynamics and theta oscillations reflect dissociable signatures during rule-guided human behavior. Nat. Commun. 15, 637 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"91177_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2000.880100","volume":"47","author":"TF Oostendorp","year":"2000","unstructured":"Oostendorp, T. F., Delbeke, J. & Stegeman, D. F. The conductivity of the human skull: Results of in vivo and in vitro measurements. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 47, 1487\u20131492 (2000).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"91177_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.11.014","volume":"72","author":"C Morawetz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morawetz, C., Bode, S., Derntl, B. & Heekeren, H. R. The effect of strategies, goals and stimulus material on the neural mechanisms of emotion regulation: A meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 72, 111\u2013128 (2017).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"91177_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq216","volume":"21","author":"P Kanske","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kanske, P., Heissler, J., Sch\u00f6nfelder, S., Bongers, A. & Wessa, M. How to regulate emotion? Neural networks for reappraisal and distraction. Cerebral Cortex 21, 1379\u20131388 (2011).","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"91177_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21243","volume":"22","author":"K McRae","year":"2010","unstructured":"McRae, K. et al. The neural bases of distraction and reappraisal. J. Cognit. Neurosci. 22, 248\u2013262 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Cognit. Neurosci."},{"key":"91177_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.12.028","volume":"108","author":"PS Cooper","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cooper, P. S. et al. Theta frontoparietal connectivity associated with proactive and reactive cognitive control processes. NeuroImage 108, 354\u2013363 (2015).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"91177_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11573","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2419-07.2007","volume":"27","author":"M Petrides","year":"2007","unstructured":"Petrides, M. & Pandya, D. N. Efferent association pathways from the rostral prefrontal cortex in the Macaque monkey. J. Neurosci. 27, 11573\u201311586 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"91177_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01523","volume":"32","author":"SBJ Koch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koch, S. B. J. et al. Neural control of emotional actions in response to affective vocalizations. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 32, 977\u2013988 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"91177_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.10.016","volume":"45","author":"DR Addis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Addis, D. R., Wong, A. T. & Schacter, D. L. Remembering the past and imagining the future: Common and distinct neural substrates during event construction and elaboration. Neuropsychologia 45, 1363\u20131377 (2007).","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"91177_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adamczyk, A. K., Wyczesany, M., Roelofs, K. & van Peer, J. M. Reappraisal is less effective than distraction in downregulation of neural responses to physical threats\u2014An event-related potential investigation. Psychophysiology e14316 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.14316.","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14316"},{"key":"91177_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2017.08.016","volume":"19","author":"RD Ghafur","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ghafur, R. D., Suri, G. & Gross, J. J. Emotion regulation choice: The role of orienting attention and action readiness. Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. 19, 31\u201335 (2018).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"91177_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026351","volume":"12","author":"K McRae","year":"2012","unstructured":"McRae, K., Ciesielski, B. & Gross, J. J. Unpacking cognitive reappraisal: Goals, tactics, and outcomes. Emotion 12, 250\u2013255 (2012).","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"91177_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027600","volume":"138","author":"TL Webb","year":"2012","unstructured":"Webb, T. L., Miles, E. & Sheeran, P. Dealing with feeling: A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of strategies derived from the process model of emotion regulation. Psychol. Bull. 138, 775\u2013808 (2012).","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"91177_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volman, I. et al. Testosterone modulates altered prefrontal control of emotional actions in psychopathic offenders. eNeuro 3, ENEURO.0107-15.2016 (2016).","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0107-15.2016"},{"key":"91177_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2017.12.003","volume":"3","author":"PW Fettes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fettes, P. W. et al. Abnormal functional connectivity of frontopolar subregions in treatment-nonresponsive major depressive disorder. Biol. Psychiatry Cognit. Neurosci. Neuroimaging 3, 337\u2013347 (2018).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry Cognit. Neurosci. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"91177_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.16091073","volume":"174","author":"GA Fonzo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fonzo, G. A. et al. Selective effects of psychotherapy on frontopolar cortical function in PTSD. Am. J. Psychiatry 174, 1175\u20131184 (2017).","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"91177_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-021-01055-2","volume":"5","author":"R Kaldewaij","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaldewaij, R. et al. Anterior prefrontal brain activity during emotion control predicts resilience to post-traumatic stress symptoms. Nat. Hum. Behav. 5, 1055\u20131064 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"91177_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.05.015","volume":"92","author":"J Mutz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mutz, J., Edgcumbe, D. R., Brunoni, A. R. & Fu, C. H. Y. Efficacy and acceptability of non-invasive brain stimulation for the treatment of adult unipolar and bipolar depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised sham-controlled trials. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 92, 291\u2013303 (2018).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"91177_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsaa011","volume":"15","author":"FM Smits","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smits, F. M., Schutter, D. J. L. G., van Honk, J. & Geuze, E. Does non-invasive brain stimulation modulate emotional stress reactivity?. Soc. Cognit. Affect. Neurosci. 15, 23\u201351 (2020).","journal-title":"Soc. Cognit. Affect. Neurosci."},{"key":"91177_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.12.012","volume":"96","author":"CM Vicario","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vicario, C. M., Salehinejad, M. A., Felmingham, K., Martino, G. & Nitsche, M. A. A systematic review on the therapeutic effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 96, 219\u2013231 (2019).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"91177_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21394","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24629-0","volume":"12","author":"M Wyczesany","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wyczesany, M. et al. Offline rTMS inhibition of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex impairs reappraisal efficacy. Sci. Rep. 12, 21394 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"91177_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2024.108743","volume":"186","author":"M Wyczesany","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wyczesany, M. et al. Inhibition of the dorsolateral cortex reveals specific mechanisms behind emotional control. Biol. Psychol. 186, 108743 (2024).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"91177_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meijer, S., Bramson, B., Toni, I. & Roelofs, K. Improving emotion control in social anxiety by targeting rhythmic brain activity. 2023.09.01.555689. Preprint at https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.09.01.555689 (2024).","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.09.01.555689"},{"key":"91177_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.12.016","volume":"147","author":"MM Filkowski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Filkowski, M. M., Olsen, R. M., Duda, B., Wanger, T. J. & Sabatinelli, D. Sex differences in emotional perception: Meta analysis of divergent activation. Neuroimage 147, 925\u2013933 (2017).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"91177_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/1368430207088035","volume":"11","author":"K McRae","year":"2008","unstructured":"McRae, K., Ochsner, K. N., Mauss, I. B., Gabrieli, J. J. D. & Gross, J. J. Gender differences in emotion regulation: An fMRI study of cognitive reappraisal. Group Process. Intergroup Relat. 11, 143\u2013162 (2008).","journal-title":"Group Process. Intergroup Relat."},{"key":"91177_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nieuwenhuis, R., Grotenhuis, M. te & Pelzer, B. influence.ME: Tools for detecting influential data in mixed effects models. R J. 4, 38\u201347 (2012).","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2012-011"},{"key":"91177_CR73","unstructured":"Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M. & Cuthbert, B. N. International Affective Picture System (IAPS): Affective Ratings of Pictures and Instruction Manual. Technical Report A-8. (University of Florida, 2008)."},{"key":"91177_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-013-0379-1","volume":"46","author":"A Marchewka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marchewka, A., \u017burawski, \u0141, Jednor\u00f3g, K. & Grabowska, A. The Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS): Introduction to a novel, standardized, wide-range, high-quality, realistic picture database. Behav. Res. Methods 46, 596\u2013610 (2014).","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"91177_CR75","unstructured":"Wessa, M. et al. EmoPics: Subjektive und psychophysiologische Evaluation neuen Bildmaterials f\u00fcr die klinisch-biopsychologische Forschung. Z. Klin. Psychol. Psychother. 39 (2010)."},{"key":"91177_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-018-01193-y","volume":"51","author":"J Peirce","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peirce, J. et al. PsychoPy2: Experiments in behavior made easy. Behav. Res. 51, 195\u2013203 (2019).","journal-title":"Behav. Res."},{"key":"91177_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00676.x","volume":"23","author":"AJ Fridlund","year":"1986","unstructured":"Fridlund, A. J. & Cacioppo, J. T. Guidelines for human electromyographic research. Psychophysiology 23, 567\u2013589 (1986).","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"91177_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2019.108378","volume":"326","author":"S Hom\u00f6lle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hom\u00f6lle, S. & Oostenveld, R. Using a structured-light 3D scanner to improve EEG source modeling with more accurate electrode positions. J. Neurosci. Methods 326, 108378 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"91177_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/156869","volume":"2011","author":"R Oostenveld","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oostenveld, R., Fries, P., Maris, E. & Schoffelen, J.-M. FieldTrip: Open source software for advanced analysis of MEG, EEG, and invasive electrophysiological data. Comput. Intell. Neurosci. 2011, 156869 (2011).","journal-title":"Comput. Intell. Neurosci."},{"key":"91177_CR80","unstructured":"van Boxtel, A. Facial EMG as a tool for inferring affective states. In Proceedings of Measuring Behavior. 104\u2013108 (2010)."},{"key":"91177_CR81","first-page":"145","volume":"8","author":"S Makeig","year":"1996","unstructured":"Makeig, S., Bell, A., Jung, T.-P. & Sejnowski, T. Independent component analysis of electroencephalographic data. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. 8, 145\u2013151 (1996).","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"91177_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.2.694","volume":"98","author":"J Gross","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gross, J. et al. Dynamic imaging of coherent sources: Studying neural interactions in the human brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 694\u2013699 (2001).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"91177_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1109\/10.623056","volume":"44","author":"BD van Veen","year":"1997","unstructured":"van Veen, B. D., van Drongelen, W., Yuchtman, M. & Suzuki, A. Localization of brain electrical activity via linearly constrained minimum variance spatial filtering. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 44, 867\u2013880 (1997).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"91177_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978","volume":"15","author":"N Tzourio-Mazoyer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tzourio-Mazoyer, N. et al. Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain. Neuroimage 15, 273\u2013289 (2002).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"91177_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bastos, A. M. & Schoffelen, J.-M. A Tutorial review of functional connectivity analysis methods and their interpretational pitfalls. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 9 (2016).","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00175"},{"key":"91177_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","volume":"67","author":"D Bates","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bates, D., M\u00e4chler, M., Bolker, B. & Walker, S. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J. Stat. Softw. 67, 1\u201348 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"91177_CR87","unstructured":"Singmann, H. et al. afex: Analysis of Factorial Experiments. (2022)."},{"key":"91177_CR88","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. (2021) http:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"91177_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2012.11.001","volume":"68","author":"DJ Barr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barr, D. J., Levy, R., Scheepers, C. & Tily, H. J. Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal. J. Mem. Lang. 68, 255\u2013278 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Mem. Lang."},{"key":"91177_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.04.035","volume":"23","author":"S Hayasaka","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hayasaka, S. & Nichols, T. E. Combining voxel intensity and cluster extent with permutation test framework. NeuroImage 23, 54\u201363 (2004).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"91177_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.03.024","volume":"164","author":"E Maris","year":"2007","unstructured":"Maris, E. & Oostenveld, R. Nonparametric statistical testing of EEG- and MEG-data. J. Neurosci. Methods 164, 177\u2013190 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"91177_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00fclsemann, M. J., Naumann, E. & Rasch, B. Quantification of phase-amplitude coupling in neuronal oscillations: Comparison of phase-locking value, mean vector length, modulation index, and generalized-linear-modeling-cross-frequency-coupling. Front. Neurosci. 13 (2019).","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00573"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-91177-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-91177-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-91177-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T20:01:00Z","timestamp":1743451260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-91177-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["91177"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-91177-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study\u2019s design, hypotheses, and analysis plan were preregistered in accordance with the APA Preregistration for Quantitative Research in Psychology (PRP-QUANT) Template and can be accessed at\n                      \n                      .","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Preregistration"}}],"article-number":"10900"}}