{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:30:51Z","timestamp":1791837051724,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744934400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 GM-139046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM-139046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 GM-139046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM-139046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 GM-139046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM-139046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 GM-139046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM-139046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 GM-139046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM-139046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 GM-139046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM-139046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 GM-139046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM-139046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 GM-139046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM-139046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 GM-139046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM-139046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 GM-139046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM-139046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 GM-139046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM-139046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 GM-139046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM-139046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 GM-139046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM-139046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 GM-139046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM-139046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 GM-139046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM-139046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 GM-139046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM-139046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 GM-139046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM-139046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences,United States","award":["R35 GM-140881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35 GM-140881"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences,United States","award":["R35 GM-134880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35 GM-134880"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences,United States","award":["R35 GM-134880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35 GM-134880"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences,United States","award":["R01 GM-149657"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM-149657"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences,United States","award":["RM1-GM-139690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RM1-GM-139690"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences,United States","award":["RM1-GM-139690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RM1-GM-139690"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences,United States","award":["R35 GM-126928"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35 GM-126928"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G102983-6263608307-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G102983-6263608307-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IK6BX006192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IK6BX006192"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-92016-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T09:50:56Z","timestamp":1744969856000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Determining potential immunomodulatory drug efficacy in sepsis using ELISpot"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Andrew H.","family":"Walton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monty B.","family":"Mazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth E.","family":"Remy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale F.","family":"Osborne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan B.","family":"Davitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas S.","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Gould","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir P.","family":"Badovinac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott C.","family":"Brakenridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Drewry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo F.","family":"Ungaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivanna L.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler J.","family":"Loftus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip A.","family":"Efron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyle L.","family":"Moldawer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles C.","family":"Caldwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard S.","family":"Hotchkiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"92016_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","volume":"315","author":"M Singer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singer, M. et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3). JAMA 315, 801\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.0287 (2016).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"92016_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02950-2","volume":"24","author":"M Bauer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bauer, M. et al. Mortality in sepsis and septic shock in Europe, North America and Australia between 2009 and 2019- results from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit. Care 24, 239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-020-02950-2 (2020).","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"92016_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30696-2","volume":"392","author":"M Cecconi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cecconi, M., Evans, L., Levy, M. & Rhodes, A. Sepsis and septic shock. Lancet 392, 75\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30696-2 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"92016_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16045","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.45","volume":"2","author":"RS Hotchkiss","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hotchkiss, R. S. et al. Sepsis and septic shock. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 2, 16045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2016.45 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"92016_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05909-2","volume":"46","author":"J Textoris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Textoris, J. Immunity check should be performed for all patients with septic shock? Yes. Intensive Care Med. 46, 503\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-019-05909-2 (2020).","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"92016_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e98","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004709","volume":"49","author":"HR Wong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wong, H. R., Hart, K. W., Lindsell, C. J. & Sweeney, T. E. External corroboration that corticosteroids may be harmful to septic shock endotype a patients. Crit. Care Med. 49, e98\u2013e101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004709 (2021).","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"92016_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2001088","volume":"206","author":"MB Mazer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mazer, M. B. et al. A whole blood enzyme-linked immunospot assay for functional immune endotyping of septic patients. J. Immunol. 206, 23\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.2001088 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"92016_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R291","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13157","volume":"17","author":"A Prkno","year":"2013","unstructured":"Prkno, A., Wacker, C., Brunkhorst, F. M. & Schlattmann, P. Procalcitonin-guided therapy in intensive care unit patients with severe sepsis and septic shock\u2013a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit. Care 17, R291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc13157 (2013).","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"92016_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11010096","author":"F Bidar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bidar, F. et al. Concomitant assessment of monocyte HLA-DR expression and Ex Vivo TNF-alpha release as markers of adverse outcome after various injuries-insights from the REALISM study. J. Clin. Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11010096 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"92016_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-023-00556-w","volume":"11","author":"AS Bonavia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bonavia, A. S. et al. Comparison of whole blood cytokine immunoassays for rapid, functional immune phenotyping in critically ill patients with sepsis. Intensive Care Med. Exp. 11, 70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40635-023-00556-w (2023).","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med. Exp."},{"key":"92016_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.175785","volume":"9","author":"EL Barrios","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barrios, E. L. et al. Adverse outcomes and an immune suppressed endotype in sepsis patients with reduced IFN-\u03b3 ELISpot: A multicenter prospective observational study. JCI Insight 9, e175785 (2024).","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"92016_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1418613","author":"AD Price","year":"2024","unstructured":"Price, A. D. et al. Surviving septic patients endotyped with a functional assay demonstrate active immune responses. Front. Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1418613 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"92016_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Group, R. C. et al. Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med 384, 693-704 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2021436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021436"},{"key":"92016_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra021333","volume":"348","author":"RS Hotchkiss","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hotchkiss, R. S. & Karl, I. E. The pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis. N. Engl. J. Med. 348, 138\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra021333 (2003).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"92016_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00330-2","volume":"12","author":"S Cajander","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cajander, S. et al. Profiling the dysregulated immune response in sepsis: overcoming challenges to achieve the goal of precision medicine. Lancet Respir. Med. 12, 305\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00330-2 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"92016_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30217-4","volume":"8","author":"KE Remy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Remy, K. E. et al. Immunotherapies for COVID-19: Lessons learned from sepsis. Lancet Respir. Med. 8, 946\u2013949. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30217-4 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"92016_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792448","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.792448","volume":"12","author":"TJ Loftus","year":"2021","unstructured":"Loftus, T. J. et al. Overlapping but disparate inflammatory and immunosuppressive responses to SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial sepsis: An immunological time course analysis. Front. Immunol. 12, 792448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.792448 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"92016_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000002511","author":"M Rao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rao, M. et al. Functional immunophenotyping for precision therapies in sepsis. Shock https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SHK.0000000000002511 (2024).","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"4","key":"92016_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2005.11.006","volume":"38","author":"JH Cox","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cox, J. H., Ferrari, G. & Janetzki, S. Measurement of cytokine release at the single cell level using the ELISpot assay. Methods 38(4), 274\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymeth.2005.11.006 (2006).","journal-title":"Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"92016_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201710-2006OC","volume":"198","author":"M Mazer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mazer, M. et al. IL-10 has differential effects on the innate and adaptive immune systems of septic patients. J. Immunol. 198(3), 631\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201710-2006OC (2019).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"92016_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000002377","author":"J Unsinger","year":"2024","unstructured":"Unsinger, J. et al. Temporal changes in innate and adaptive immunity during sepsis as determined by ELISpot. Shock https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SHK.0000000000002377 (2024).","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"92016_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59259-903-5_18","volume":"302","author":"S Palzer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Palzer, S. et al. Simultaneous detection of multiple cytokines in ELISpot assays. Handb. ELISPOT Methods Mol. Biol. 302, 273\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-59259-903-5_18 (2005).","journal-title":"Handb. ELISPOT Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"92016_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0500","DOI":"10.1097\/CCE.0000000000000500","volume":"3","author":"MB Mazer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mazer, M. B. et al. Interleukin-7 reverses lymphopenia and improves T-Cell function in coronavirus disease 2019 patient with inborn error of toll-like receptor 3: A case report. Crit. Care Explor. 3, e0500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCE.0000000000000500 (2021).","journal-title":"Crit. Care Explor."},{"key":"92016_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab256","author":"IR Turnbull","year":"2021","unstructured":"Turnbull, I. R. et al. IL-7 Immunotherapy in a nonimmunocompromised patient with intractable fungal wound sepsis. Open Forum Infect. Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofab256 (2021).","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"92016_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2319856121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2319856121","volume":"121","author":"CM Tilsed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tilsed, C. M. et al. IL7 increases targeted lipid nanoparticle-mediated mRNA expression in T cells in vitro and in vivo by enhancing T cell protein translation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 121, e2319856121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2319856121 (2024).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"92016_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2023.12.017","volume":"32","author":"AM Munoz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Munoz, A. M. et al. Dexamethasone potentiates chimeric antigen receptor T cell persistence and function by enhancing IL-7Ralpha expression. Mol. Ther. 32, 527\u2013539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymthe.2023.12.017 (2024).","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"92016_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00464-0","volume":"21","author":"MD Taves","year":"2021","unstructured":"Taves, M. D. & Ashwell, J. D. Glucocorticoids in T cell development, differentiation and function. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 21, 233\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-020-00464-0 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"92016_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.4HI0616-255R","volume":"100","author":"AC Patera","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patera, A. C. et al. Frontline science: Defects in immune function in patients with sepsis are associated with PD-1 or PD-L1 expression and can be restored by antibodies targeting PD-1 or PD-L1. J. Leukoc. Biol. 100, 1239\u20131254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1189\/jlb.4HI0616-255R (2016).","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"92016_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-199709000-00004","volume":"8","author":"RS Hotchkiss","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hotchkiss, R. S., Bowling, W. M., Karl, I. E., Osborne, D. F. & Flye, M. W. Calcium antagonists inhibit oxidative burst and nitrite formation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages. Shock 8, 170\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00024382-199709000-00004 (1997).","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"92016_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-021-00575-3","volume":"9","author":"T Daix","year":"2021","unstructured":"Daix, T. et al. Immature granulocytes can help the diagnosis of pulmonary bacterial infections in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. J. Intensive Care 9, 58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40560-021-00575-3 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Intensive Care"},{"key":"92016_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13090741","author":"AK Traska","year":"2024","unstructured":"Traska, A. K. et al. Immunomonitoring via ELISPOT assay reveals attenuated T-Cell immunity to CMV in immunocompromised liver-transplant patients. Cells https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells13090741 (2024).","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"92016_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2024.113743","author":"RF Ungaro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ungaro, R. F. et al. Development and optimization of a diluted whole blood ELISpot assay to test immune function. J. Immunol. Methods https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jim.2024.113743 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"92016_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.10049","volume":"50","author":"KCB Marina","year":"2002","unstructured":"Marina, K. C. B., Kallas, E. G., Freudenberg, M., Galanos, C. & Salomao, R. Influence of EDTA and heparin on lipopolysaccharide binding and cell activation, evaluated at single-cell level in whole blood. Cytometry (Clinical Cytometry) 50, 14\u201318 (2002).","journal-title":"Cytometry (Clinical Cytometry)"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-92016-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-92016-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-92016-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T09:50:57Z","timestamp":1744969857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-92016-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["92016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-92016-6","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.07.10.602970","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}},{"value":"MBM, and KER are members of Immune Functional Diagnostics, LLC and receive no direct financial compensation. Immune Functional Diagnostics, LLC is developing predictive metrics in critical illness and this technology (provisional patent application 63\/521,817) is evaluated in this research. SCB, LLM, RSH, and the University of Florida may receive royalty income based on a technology developed by SCB and others and licensed by Washington University in St. Louis to IFDx LLC. That technology is evaluated in this research. CCC and the University of Cincinnati may receive royalty income based on a technology developed by CCC and others and licensed by Washington University in St. Louis to IFDx LLC. That technology is evaluated in this research.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"13464"}}