{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T22:33:02Z","timestamp":1788388382716,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-92357-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T07:49:31Z","timestamp":1741592971000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Assessing social support\u2019s mediating effects on rational antimicrobial prescribing: a structural equation modeling study of healthcare professionals\u2019 behavior"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Le","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaosong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujuan","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baokun","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunshuang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"92357_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roca, I. et al. The global threat of antimicrobial resistance: science for intervention [published correction appears in New Microbes New Infect. 2015 Nov;8:175]. New Microbes New Infect. 6, 22\u201329 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nmni.2015.02.007  (2015).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2015.02.007"},{"issue":"4","key":"92357_CR2","first-page":"277","volume":"40","author":"CL Ventola","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ventola, C. L. The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats. P T. 40(4), 277\u2013283 (2015).","journal-title":"P T"},{"key":"92357_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laxminarayan, R. et al. Antibiotic resistance-the need for global solutions [published correction appears in Lancet Infect Dis. ;14(1):11] [published correction appears in Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14(3):182]. Lancet Infect Dis. 13(12), 1057\u20131098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70318-9 (2013).","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70318-9"},{"issue":"4","key":"92357_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1215093","volume":"368","author":"B Spellberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Spellberg, B., Bartlett, J. G. & Gilbert, D. N. The future of antibiotics and resistance. N. Engl. J. Med. 368(4), 299\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMp1215093 (2013).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"92357_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt440","volume":"69","author":"OJ Dyar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dyar, O. J., Pulcini, C., Howard, P., Nathwani, D. & ESGAP (ESCMID Study Group for Antibiotic Policies). European medical students: a first multicentre study of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of antibiotic prescribing and antibiotic resistance. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 69(3), 842\u2013846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkt440 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"issue":"1","key":"92357_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03179.x","volume":"17","author":"C Pulcini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pulcini, C., Williams, F., Molinari, N., Davey, P. & Nathwani, D. Junior Doctors\u2019 knowledge and perceptions of antibiotic resistance and prescribing: a survey in France and Scotland. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 17(1), 80\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03179.x (2011).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"issue":"7","key":"92357_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir445","volume":"53","author":"E Charani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Charani, E. et al. Behavior change strategies to influence antimicrobial prescribing in acute care: a systematic review. Clin. Infect. Dis. 53(7), 651\u2013662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cir445 (2011).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"92357_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30386-3","volume":"17","author":"DA Goff","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goff, D. A. et al. A global call from five countries to collaborate in antibiotic stewardship: united we succeed, divided we might fail. Lancet Infect. Dis. 17(2), e56\u2013e63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30386-3 (2017).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"92357_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2010.0965","volume":"31","author":"Y Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Overprescribing in China, driven by financial incentives, results in very high use of antibiotics, injections, and corticosteroids. Health Aff (Millwood). 31(5), 1075\u20131082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2010.0965 (2012).","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"12","key":"92357_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.5214","volume":"174","author":"J Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang, J., Wang, P., Wang, X., Zheng, Y. & Xiao, Y. Use and prescription of antibiotics in primary health care settings in China. JAMA Intern. Med. 174(12), 1914\u20131920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.5214 (2014).","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"92357_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-197609000-00003","volume":"38","author":"S Cobb","year":"1976","unstructured":"Cobb, S. Presidential Address-1976. Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosom. Med. 38(5), 300\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006842-197609000-00003 (1976).","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"92357_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.84.5.888","volume":"84","author":"I Ajzen","year":"1977","unstructured":"Ajzen, I. & Fishbein, M. Attitude-behavior relations: A theoretical analysis and review of empirical research. Psychol. Bull. 84, 888 (1977).","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"2","key":"92357_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T","volume":"50","author":"I Ajzen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ajzen, I. The theory of planned behavior. Organ. Behav. Hum Decis. Process. 50(2), 179\u2013211 (1991).","journal-title":"Organ. Behav. Hum Decis. Process."},{"issue":"2","key":"92357_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295x.84.2.191","volume":"84","author":"A Bandura","year":"1977","unstructured":"Bandura, A. Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychol. Rev. 84(2), 191\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295x.84.2.191 (1977).","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"92357_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenstock, I. M. Historical origins of the health belief model. Health Educ. Monogr. 2(4), 328\u2013335 (1974).","DOI":"10.1177\/109019817400200403"},{"issue":"1","key":"92357_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/h0034092","volume":"28","author":"DC McClelland","year":"1973","unstructured":"McClelland, D. C. Testing for competence rather than for intelligence. Am. Psychol. 28(1), 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0034092 (1973).","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"92357_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atkinson, R. C. & Shiffrin, R. M. Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. Psychology of Learning and Motivation. Vol. 2, 89\u2013195 (Academic Press, 1968).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-7421(08)60422-3"},{"key":"92357_CR18","unstructured":"Kline, R. B. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (Guilford, 2023)."},{"issue":"2","key":"92357_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03193146","volume":"39","author":"F Faul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G. & Buchner, A. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav. Res. Methods. 39(2), 175\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/bf03193146 (2007).","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"92357_CR20","unstructured":"Awang, Z. A Handbook on Structural Equation Modeling (MPWS Rich Resources, 2014)."},{"key":"92357_CR21","unstructured":"Hair, J. F. Multivariate data analysis. (2009)."},{"issue":"9","key":"92357_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.13106\/jafeb.2020.vol7.no9.811","volume":"7","author":"O Durrah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Durrah, O. Injustice perception and work alienation: exploring the mediating role of employee\u2019s cynicism in healthcare sector. J. Asian Finance Econ. Bus. (JAFEB). 7(9), 811\u2013824 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Asian Finance Econ. Bus. (JAFEB)"},{"issue":"1","key":"92357_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104","volume":"18","author":"C Fornell","year":"1981","unstructured":"Fornell, C. &  Larcker, D. F. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. J. Mark. Res. 18(1), 39\u201350 (1981).","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"92357_CR24","unstructured":"Bandura, A. J. H. F. Self-Efficacy; The Exercise of Control, VV. 8. (1997)."},{"issue":"2","key":"92357_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428107300343","volume":"11","author":"GW Cheung","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cheung, G. W. & Lau, R. S. Testing mediation and suppression effects of latent variables: bootstrapping with structural equation models. Organizational Res. Methods. 11(2), 296\u2013325 (2008).","journal-title":"Organizational Res. Methods"},{"key":"92357_CR26","unstructured":"Fishbein, M. & Ajzen, I. Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. (1977)."},{"key":"92357_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.1","volume":"52","author":"A Bandura","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bandura, A. Social cognitive theory: an agentic perspective. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52, 1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.1 (2001).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"92357_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066x.55.1.68","volume":"55","author":"RM Ryan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ryan, R. M. & Deci, E. L. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. Am. Psychol. 55(1), 68\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066x.55.1.68 (2000).","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"92357_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petty, R. E., Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E. & Cacioppo, J. T. The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion, 1\u201324 (Springer, 1986).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-4964-1_1"},{"key":"92357_CR30","unstructured":"Bandura, A. J. E. C. NJ, Social foundations of thought and action. 1986(23\u201328). (1986)."},{"key":"92357_CR31","unstructured":"Glanz, K., Rimer, B. K. & Viswanath, K. Theory, research, and practice in health behavior and health education. (2008)."},{"issue":"3","key":"92357_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.88.3.588","volume":"88","author":"PM Bentler","year":"1980","unstructured":"Bentler, P. M. & Bonett, D. G. Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychol. Bull. 88(3), 588 (1980).","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"92357_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","volume":"6","author":"L Hu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hu, L. & Bentler, P. M. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct. Equation Modeling: Multidisciplinary J. 6(1), 1\u201355 (1999).","journal-title":"Struct. Equation Modeling: Multidisciplinary J."},{"issue":"2","key":"92357_CR34","first-page":"23","volume":"8","author":"K Schermelleh-Engel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H. & Hans M\u00fcller. Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods Psychol. Res. Online. 8(2), 23\u201374 (2003).","journal-title":"Methods Psychol. Res. Online"},{"issue":"4","key":"92357_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378201900402","volume":"19","author":"KG J\u00f6reskog","year":"1982","unstructured":"J\u00f6reskog, K. G. & Dag S\u00f6rbom. Recent developments in structural equation modeling. J. Mark. Res. 19(4), 404\u2013416 (1982).","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"92357_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr2502_4","volume":"25","author":"JH Steiger","year":"1990","unstructured":"Steiger, J. H. Structural model evaluation and modification: an interval estimation approach. Multivar. Behav. Res. 25(2), 173\u2013180 (1990).","journal-title":"Multivar. Behav. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"92357_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124192021002005","volume":"21","author":"MW Browne","year":"1992","unstructured":"Browne, M. W. & Cudeck, R. Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociol. Methods Res. 21(2), 230\u2013258 (1992).","journal-title":"Sociol. Methods Res."},{"key":"92357_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T. & Wen, Z. In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler\u2019s (1999) findings. Struct. Equ. Model. 11(3), 320\u2013341 (2004).","DOI":"10.1207\/s15328007sem1103_2"},{"issue":"6","key":"92357_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3200\/JOER.99.6.323-338","volume":"99","author":"JB Schreiber","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schreiber, J. B. et al. Reporting structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis results: A review. J. Educational Res. 99(6), 323\u2013338 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Educational Res."},{"key":"92357_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weick, K. E. & Sutcliffe, K. M. Managing the Unexpected: Sustained Performance in a Complex World (Wiley, 2015).","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119175834"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-92357-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-92357-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-92357-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T07:49:38Z","timestamp":1741592978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-92357-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["92357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-92357-2","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4140928\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"8242"}}