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Dromedary camels in Arabian countries are of great importance, as well as awareness of production and health. Little was known about the occurrence of <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> among Arabian camels. Out of 88 samples were collected from necropsied male camels aged 5\u20136.5\u00a0years after the slaughter process resident in Cairo abattoir. Isolation of Mycobacteria was achieved on Middle Brook 7H10 agar with special supplements, and then the suspected colonies were assessed by their specific aspects. Lungs and lymph nodes were processed for histopathology. Molecular characterization was carried out by both conventional amplification (<jats:italic>Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:italic> mpb70, <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>- Pan <jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic> 16S rRNA) tracked by sanger sequencing; and bacterial 16S rRNA V3\u2013V4 hypervariable region was amplified then it was followed by Mi-seq Ilumina. <jats:italic>Moringa oliefera\u2019s<\/jats:italic> oil was analyzed by GC\u2013MS. The antimycobacterial potential of <jats:italic>M. oliefera<\/jats:italic> was conducted by In vitro tetrazolium microplate assay (TEMA). In silico docking mode of action and prediction were studied. <jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic> was isolated from 9.4% (3\/32) of the lung samples and 2.4% (1\/41) of the recovered lymph node samples. The isolated strains had ideal culture characteristics of <jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>. Sanger sequencing identified the <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> variant <jats:italic>bovis<\/jats:italic> DRC-EG-CAMEL PQ036932. Mi-seq Illumina revealed abundant sequence readings belonging to ancestral <jats:italic>Actinobacteria<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Micromonosporaceae. <\/jats:italic>In vitro testing showed that the <jats:italic>Moringa oleifera<\/jats:italic> methanol leaf extract had antimicrobial activity with MIC ranging from 7.8 to 32 \u00b5g\/ml, and the seed oil showed inhibitory effects at 50% (v\/v) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In silico docking of ferulic acid against <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> variant <jats:italic>bovis<\/jats:italic> ribosomal protein S1 showed an affinity score of \u2212\u20095.95\u00a0kcal\/mol with one hydrogen bond. While squalene lipoprotein LprF exhibited a professional affinity score of \u2212\u20096.11 kcal\/mol with seventeen hydrophobic \u03c0-interactions. <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> variant <jats:italic>bovis<\/jats:italic> is measured to prevail in the Arabian camels. However, this study provided a detailed examination of <jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic> in camels, offering practical solutions to combat this pathogen and mitigate the effects of infection or zoonotic impacts on other animals and humans. Sanger sequencing is more recommended for <jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic> identification. <jats:italic>Moringa oliefera\u2019s<\/jats:italic> potential anti-mycobacterial effect through either leaves or oil might be achieved for humans and animals as a different strategy for medicinal plants\u2019 role. It might be a new insight into the struggle and the adverse effects of tuberculosis. In the upcoming research, therapeutic compounds could be separated from <jats:italic>M. oliefera<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-92402-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T06:09:14Z","timestamp":1743833354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Detection of Mycobacteria in Arabian camels and antimycobacterial potential of Moringa oleifera"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sahar A.","family":"Allam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman","family":"Mahrous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar T. 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