{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:25:33Z","timestamp":1791408333297,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-92454-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T13:20:47Z","timestamp":1741267247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Auditory sequence learning with degraded input: children with cochlear implants (\u2018nature effect\u2019) compared to children from low and high socio-economic backgrounds (\u2018nurture effect\u2019)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shira","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronen","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liat","family":"Kishon-Rabin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"92454_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196873","volume":"32","author":"JD Karpicke","year":"2004","unstructured":"Karpicke, J. D. & Pisoni, D. B. Using immediate memory span. Mem. Cognit. 32, 956\u2013964. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03196873 (2004).","journal-title":"Mem. Cognit."},{"issue":"6","key":"92454_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(67)80149-X","volume":"6","author":"AS Reber","year":"1967","unstructured":"Reber, A. S. Implicit learning of artificial grammar. J. Verb. Learn. Verb. Behav. 6(6), 855\u2013863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-5371(67)80149-X (1967).","journal-title":"J. Verb. Learn. Verb. Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"92454_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.88.3.1451","volume":"88","author":"DB Willingham","year":"2002","unstructured":"Willingham, D. B., Salidis, J. & Gabrieli, J. D. Direct comparison of neural systems mediating conscious and unconscious skill learning. J. Neurophysiol. 88(3), 1451\u20131460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.2002.88.3.1451 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-022-09419-z","volume":"14","author":"JL Evans","year":"2022","unstructured":"Evans, J. L., Maguire, M. J. & Sizemore, M. L. Neural patterns elicited by lexical processing in adolescents with specific language impairment: support for the procedural deficit hypothesis?. J. Neurodev. Disorders 14(1), 20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s11689-022-09419-z (2022).","journal-title":"J. Neurodev. Disorders"},{"key":"92454_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2013.10.011","volume":"51","author":"JA Lum","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lum, J. A., Conti-Ramsden, G., Morgan, A. T. & Ullman, M. T. Procedural learning deficits in specific language impairment (SLI): A meta-analysis of serial reaction time task performance. Cortex 51, 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2013.10.011 (2014).","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"3","key":"92454_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70276-4","volume":"41","author":"MT Ullman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ullman, M. T. & Pierpont, E. I. Specific language impairment is not specific to language: The procedural deficit hypothesis. Cortex 41(3), 399\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70276-4 (2005).","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"92454_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-016-0135-1","volume":"67","author":"P Katan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Katan, P., Kahta, S., Sasson, A. & Schiff, R. Performance of children with developmental dyslexia on high and low topological entropy artificial grammar learning task. Ann. Dyslexia 67, 163\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11881-016-0135-1 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. Dyslexia"},{"key":"92454_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00112","volume":"13","author":"RI Nicolson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nicolson, R. I. & Fawcett, A. J. Development of dyslexia: The delayed neural commitment framework. Front. Behav. Neurosci. 13, 112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00112 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"92454_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.104170","volume":"122","author":"C Bombonato","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bombonato, C. et al. Implicit learning in children with Childhood Apraxia of Speech. Res. Develop. Disabil. 122, 104170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.104170 (2022).","journal-title":"Res. Develop. Disabil."},{"issue":"4","key":"92454_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_JSLHR-20-00581","volume":"64","author":"J Iuzzini-Seigel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iuzzini-Seigel, J. Procedural learning, grammar, and motor skills in children with childhood apraxia of speech, speech sound disorder, and typically developing speech. J. Speech, Lang. Hear. Res. 64(4), 1081\u20131103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2020_JSLHR-20-00581 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Speech, Lang. Hear. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"92454_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2016.1223279","volume":"39","author":"L Desmottes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Desmottes, L., Maillart, C. & Meulemans, T. Memory consolidation in children with specific language impairment: Delayed gains and susceptibility to interference in implicit sequence learning. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 39(3), 265\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13803395.2016.1223279 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"92454_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2014.07.007","volume":"129","author":"C Lejeune","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lejeune, C., Desmottes, L., Catale, C. & Meulemans, T. Age difference in dual-task interference effects on procedural learning in children. J. Exp. Child Psychol. 129, 165\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jecp.2014.07.007 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Child Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"92454_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2442","volume":"69","author":"T Meulemans","year":"1998","unstructured":"Meulemans, T., Van der Linden, M. & Perruchet, P. Implicit sequence learning in children. J. Exp. Child Psychol. 69(3), 199\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jecp.1998.2442 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Child Psychol."},{"key":"92454_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dienes, Z., & Altmann, G. (1997). Transfer of implicit knowledge across domains: How implicit and how abstract?', in Dianne C. Berry (ed.), How Implicit Is Implicit Learning? Debates in Psychology. Oxford, 1997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198523512.003.0005","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198523512.003.0005"},{"issue":"2","key":"92454_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327078IN0402_07","volume":"4","author":"JR Saffran","year":"2003","unstructured":"Saffran, J. R. & Wilson, D. P. From syllables to syntax: Multilevel statistical learning by 12-month-old infants. Infancy 4(2), 273\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15327078IN0402_07 (2003).","journal-title":"Infancy"},{"issue":"5","key":"92454_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3182503e47","volume":"33","author":"T Boons","year":"2012","unstructured":"Boons, T. et al. Predictors of spoken language development following pediatric cochlear implantation. Ear Hear. 33(5), 617\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3182503e47 (2012).","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"92454_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kishon-Rabin, L. & Boothroyd, A. (2018). The Role of Hearing for Speech and Language Acquisition and Processing. In D. Ravid and A. Baron, (eds): Handbook of Communication Disorders: Theoretical, Empirical, and Applied Linguistic Perspectives. Mouton de Gruyter, Inc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781614514909","DOI":"10.1515\/9781614514909"},{"issue":"5","key":"92454_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2009.01651.x","volume":"18","author":"CM Conway","year":"2009","unstructured":"Conway, C. M., Pisoni, D. B. & Kronenberger, W. G. The importance of sound for cognitive sequencing abilities: The auditory scaffolding hypothesis. Curr. Direct. Psychol. Sci. 18(5), 275\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2009.01651.x (2009).","journal-title":"Curr. Direct. Psychol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/10888438.2018.1485680","volume":"23","author":"Z Qi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qi, Z., Sanchez Araujo, Y., Georgan, W. C., Gabrieli, J. D. & Arciuli, J. Hearing matters more than seeing: A cross-modality study of statistical learning and reading ability. Sci. Stud. Read. 23(1), 101\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10888438.2018.1485680 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Stud. Read."},{"issue":"3","key":"92454_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716413000490","volume":"36","author":"A Gabriel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gabriel, A., Meulemans, T., Parisse, C. & Maillart, C. Procedural learning across modalities in French-speaking children with specific language impairment. Appl. Psycholinguist. 36(3), 747\u2013769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0142716413000490 (2015).","journal-title":"Appl. Psycholinguist."},{"key":"92454_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2020.100819","volume":"45","author":"A van der Kant","year":"2020","unstructured":"van der Kant, A. et al. Linguistic and non-linguistic non-adjacent dependency learning in early development. Develop. Cognit. Neurosci. 45, 100819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dcn.2020.100819 (2020).","journal-title":"Develop. Cognit. Neurosci."},{"key":"92454_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Agus, T. R., Beauvais, M., Thorpe, S. J., & Pressnitzer, D. (2010). The implicit learning of noise: Behavioral data and computational models. In The Neurophysiological Bases of Auditory Perception (pp. 571\u2013579). Springer New York.. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4419-5686-6_52","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5686-6_52"},{"issue":"8","key":"92454_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2006.18.8.1292","volume":"18","author":"TL Van Zuijen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Van Zuijen, T. L., Simoens, V. L., Paavilainen, P., N\u00e4\u00e4t\u00e4nen, R. & Tervaniemi, M. Implicit, intuitive, and explicit knowledge of abstract regularities in a sound sequence: an event-related brain potential study. J. Cognit. Neurosci. 18(8), 1292\u20131303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn.2006.18.8.1292 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Cognit. Neurosci."},{"issue":"15","key":"92454_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0911225","volume":"363","author":"A Kral","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kral, A. & O\u2019Donoghue, G. M. Profound deafness in childhood. New Engl. J. Med. 363(15), 1438\u20131450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra0911225 (2010).","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"92454_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Perez, R. & Kishon-Rabin, L. (2013). Surgical devices (cochlear implantation-pediatric). In S. E. Kountakis (ed.): Encyclopedia of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781614514909","DOI":"10.1515\/9781614514909"},{"issue":"2","key":"92454_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e82","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000915","volume":"37","author":"SJ Dettman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dettman, S. J. et al. Long-term communication outcomes for children receiving cochlear implants younger than 12 months: A multicenter study. Otol. Neurotol. 37(2), e82\u2013e95. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000915 (2016).","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"issue":"2","key":"92454_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.284","volume":"169","author":"SS Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu, S. S. et al. Auditory outcomes in children who undergo cochlear implantation before 12 months of age: A systematic review. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 169(2), 210\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ohn.284 (2023).","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"92454_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lingua.2018.07.001","volume":"213","author":"K Hansson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hansson, K., Ibertsson, T., Asker-\u00c1rnason, L. & Sahl\u00e9n, B. Language impairment in children with CI: An investigation of Swedish. Lingua 213, 63\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lingua.2018.07.001 (2018).","journal-title":"Lingua"},{"key":"92454_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.01.013","volume":"83","author":"Z Soleymani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soleymani, Z., Mahmoodabadi, N. & Nouri, M. M. Language skills and phonological awareness in children with cochlear implants and normal hearing. Int. J. Pediat. Otorhinolaryngol. 83, 16\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.01.013 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediat. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"10","key":"92454_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240423","volume":"15","author":"V Rashid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rashid, V., Weijs, P. J., Engberink, M. F., Verhoeff, A. P. & Nicolaou, M. Beyond maternal education: Socio-economic inequalities in children\u2019s diet in the ABCD cohort. PLoS One 15(10), e0240423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0240423 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"92454_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1075\/tilar.4.07sch","volume":"4","author":"K Schauwers","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schauwers, K., Gillis, S. & Govaerts, P. Language acquisition in children with a cochlear implant. Develop. Theory Lang. Disorders 4, 95. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/tilar.4.07sch (2005).","journal-title":"Develop. Theory Lang. Disorders"},{"key":"92454_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051381","volume":"9","author":"Y Zaltz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zaltz, Y., Bugannim, Y., Zechoval, D., Kishon-Rabin, L. & Perez, R. Listening in noise remains a significant challenge for cochlear implant users: Evidence from early deafened and those with progressive hearing loss compared to peers with normal hearing. J. Clin. Med. 9, 1381 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"92454_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3182857718","volume":"34","author":"TY Ching","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ching, T. Y. et al. Outcomes of early-and late-identified children at 3 years of age: Findings from a prospective population-based study. Ear Hear. 34(5), 535\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3182857718 (2013).","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"issue":"3","key":"92454_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_JSLHR-20-00228","volume":"64","author":"S Dettman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dettman, S., Choo, D., Au, A., Luu, A. & Dowell, R. Speech perception and language outcomes for infants receiving cochlear implants before or after 9 months of age: Use of category-based aggregation of data in an unselected pediatric cohort. J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. 64(3), 1023\u20131039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2020_JSLHR-20-00228 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"92454_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12228","volume":"51","author":"BE de Hoog","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Hoog, B. E., Langereis, M. C., van Weerdenburg, M., Knoors, H. E. & Verhoeven, L. Linguistic profiles of children with CI as compared with children with hearing or specific language impairment. Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disorders 51(5), 518\u2013530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1460-6984.12228 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disorders"},{"issue":"10","key":"92454_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2018.1481538","volume":"57","author":"WG Kronenberger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kronenberger, W. G., Henning, S. C., Ditmars, A. M., Roman, A. S. & Pisoni, D. B. Verbal learning and memory in prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants. Int. J. Audiol. 57(10), 746\u2013754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14992027.2018.1481538 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Audiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"92454_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12575","volume":"21","author":"ML Hall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hall, M. L., Eigsti, I. M., Bortfeld, H. & Lillo-Martin, D. Auditory access, language access, and implicit sequence learning in deaf children. Develop. Sci. 21(3), e12575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/desc.12575 (2018).","journal-title":"Develop. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000564","volume":"40","author":"KE Klein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Klein, K. E., Walker, E. A. & Tomblin, J. B. Nonverbal visual sequential learning in children with cochlear implants: Preliminary findings. Ear Hear. 40(1), 213\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000564 (2019).","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"key":"92454_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2017.09.017","volume":"170","author":"J von Koss Torkildsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"von Koss Torkildsen, J., Arciuli, J., Haukedal, C. L. & Wie, O. B. Does a lack of auditory experience affect sequential learning?. Cognition 170, 123\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cognition.2017.09.017 (2018).","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"92454_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.03.036","volume":"85","author":"SV Bharadwaj","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bharadwaj, S. V. & Mehta, J. A. An exploratory study of visual sequential processing in children with cochlear implants. Int. J. Pediat. Otorhinolaryngol. 85, 158\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.03.036 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediat. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2010.00960.x","volume":"14","author":"CM Conway","year":"2011","unstructured":"Conway, C. M., Pisoni, D. B., Anaya, E. M., Karpicke, J. & Henning, S. C. Implicit sequence learning in deaf children with cochlear implants. Develop. Sci. 14(1), 69\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2010.00960.x (2011).","journal-title":"Develop. Sci."},{"issue":"3S","key":"92454_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_LSHSS-STLT1-17-0138","volume":"49","author":"JA Deocampo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deocampo, J. A., Smith, G. N., Kronenberger, W. G., Pisoni, D. B. & Conway, C. M. The role of statistical learning in understanding and treating spoken language outcomes in deaf children with cochlear implants. Lang. Speech Hear. Serv. Schools 49(3S), 723\u2013739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2018_LSHSS-STLT1-17-0138 (2018).","journal-title":"Lang. Speech Hear. Serv. Schools"},{"issue":"4","key":"92454_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000918000569","volume":"46","author":"MA Gremp","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gremp, M. A., Deocampo, J. A. & Conway, C. M. Visual sequential processing and language ability in children who are deaf or hard of hearing. J. Child Lang. 46(4), 785\u2013799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0305000918000569 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Child Lang."},{"issue":"5","key":"92454_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00612","volume":"74","author":"E Hoff","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hoff, E. The specificity of environmental influence: Socioeconomic status affects early vocabulary development via maternal speech. Child Develop. 74(5), 1368\u20131378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-8624.00612 (2003).","journal-title":"Child Develop."},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2005.11.002","volume":"26","author":"E Hoff","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hoff, E. How social contexts support and shape language development. Dev. Rev. 26(1), 55\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dr.2005.11.002 (2006).","journal-title":"Dev. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"92454_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1998.0301","volume":"27","author":"J Huttenlocher","year":"1998","unstructured":"Huttenlocher, J. Language input and language growth. Prevent. Med. 27(2), 195\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/pmed.1998.0301 (1998).","journal-title":"Prevent. Med."},{"issue":"36","key":"92454_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7870","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0484-18.2018","volume":"38","author":"RR Romeo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Romeo, R. R. et al. Language exposure relates to structural neural connectivity in childhood. J. Neurosci. 38(36), 7870\u20137877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0484-18.2018 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"92454_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-006-9018-x","volume":"20","author":"S Samuelsson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Samuelsson, S. et al. Genetic and environmental influences on prereading skills and early reading and spelling development in the United States, Australia, and Scandinavia. Read. Writing 20, 51\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11145-006-9018-x (2007).","journal-title":"Read. Writing"},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617710001335","volume":"17","author":"K Sarsour","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sarsour, K. et al. Family socioeconomic status and child executive functions: The roles of language, home environment, and single parenthood. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 17(1), 120\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1355617710001335 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"issue":"4","key":"92454_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2007\/041)","volume":"16","author":"R Horton-Ikard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Horton-Ikard, R. & Weismer, S. E. A preliminary examination of vocabulary and word learning in African American toddlers from middle and low socioeconomic status homes. Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol. 16(4), 381\u2013392 (2007).","journal-title":"Am. J. Speech-Lang. Pathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"92454_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1017\/S1366728911000393","volume":"15","author":"JF Lawrence","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lawrence, J. F., Capotosto, L., Branum-Martin, L., White, C. & Snow, C. E. Language proficiency, home-language status, and English vocabulary development: A longitudinal follow-up of the Word Generation program. Bilingualism Lang. Cognit. 15(3), 437\u2013451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1366728911000393 (2012).","journal-title":"Bilingualism Lang. Cognit."},{"issue":"2","key":"92454_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1177\/0142723710391887","volume":"31","author":"KE Nelson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nelson, K. E., Welsh, J. A., Trup, E. M. V. & Greenberg, M. T. Language delays of impoverished preschool children in relation to early academic and emotion recognition skills. First Lang. 31(2), 164\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0142723710391887 (2011).","journal-title":"First Lang."},{"issue":"5916","key":"92454_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1167025","volume":"323","author":"ML Rowe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rowe, M. L. & Goldin-Meadow, S. Differences in early gesture explain SES disparities in child vocabulary size at school entry. Science 323(5916), 951\u2013953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1167025 (2009).","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2004.00325.x","volume":"7","author":"IM Eigsti","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eigsti, I. M. & Cicchetti, D. The impact of child maltreatment on expressive syntax at 60 months. Develop. Sci. 7(1), 88\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2004.00325.x (2004).","journal-title":"Develop. Sci."},{"key":"92454_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2001\/086)","volume":"44","author":"SC Jackson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jackson, S. C. & Roberts, J. E. Complex syntax production of African American preschoolers. J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. 44, 1083\u20131096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/1092-4388(2001\/086) (2001).","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"92454_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1177\/0142723706064828","volume":"26","author":"D Ravid","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ravid, D. & Schiff, R. Morphological abilities in Hebrew-speaking gradeschoolers from two socioeconomic backgrounds: An analogy task. First Lang. 26(4), 381\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0142723706064828 (2006).","journal-title":"First Lang."},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2004.03.006","volume":"38","author":"S Nittrouer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nittrouer, S. & Burton, L. T. The role of early language experience in the development of speech perception and phonological processing abilities: Evidence from 5-year-olds with histories of otitis media with effusion and low socioeconomic status. J. Commun. Disord. 38(1), 29\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2004.03.006 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Commun. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"92454_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028612","volume":"49","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Phonological skills and vocabulary knowledge mediate socioeconomic status effects in predicting reading outcomes for Chinese children. Develop. Psychol. 49(4), 665\u2013671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0028612 (2013).","journal-title":"Develop. Psychol."},{"issue":"8","key":"92454_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1080\/0269920031000111348","volume":"17","author":"B Dodd","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dodd, B., Holm, A., Hua, Z. & Crosbie, S. Phonological development: A normative study of British English-speaking children. Clin. Linguist. Phonet. 17(8), 617\u2013643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0269920031000111348 (2003).","journal-title":"Clin. Linguist. Phonet."},{"issue":"3","key":"92454_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.22.3.293","volume":"22","author":"A D'Angiulli","year":"2008","unstructured":"D\u2019Angiulli, A., Herdman, A., Stapells, D. & Hertzman, C. Children\u2019s event-related potentials of auditory selective attention vary with their socioeconomic status. Neuropsychology 22(3), 293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0894-4105.22.3.293 (2008).","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"92454_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21101","volume":"21","author":"MM Kishiyama","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kishiyama, M. M., Boyce, W. T., Jimenez, A. M., Perry, L. M. & Knight, R. T. Socioeconomic disparities affect prefrontal function in children. J. Cognit. Neurosci. 21(6), 1106\u20131115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn.2009.21101 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Cognit. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"92454_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e762","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13315","volume":"91","author":"ML Rosen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rosen, M. L. et al. Cognitive stimulation as a mechanism linking socioeconomic status with executive function: A longitudinal investigation. Child Develop. 91(4), e762\u2013e779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdev.13315 (2020).","journal-title":"Child Develop."},{"issue":"12","key":"92454_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209590","volume":"13","author":"J Jablonowski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jablonowski, J., Taesler, P., Fu, Q. & Rose, M. Implicit acoustic sequence learning recruits the hippocampus. PloS One 13(12), e0209590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0209590 (2018).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(98)00075-4","volume":"70","author":"JR Saffran","year":"1999","unstructured":"Saffran, J. R., Johnson, E. K., Aslin, R. N. & Newport, E. L. Statistical learning of tone sequences by human infants and adults. Cognition 70(1), 27\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0010-0277(98)00075-4 (1999).","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"3","key":"92454_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02075.x","volume":"19","author":"C Bannard","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bannard, C. & Matthews, D. Stored word sequences in language learning: The effect of familiarity on children\u2019s repetition of four-word combinations. Psychol. Sci. 19(3), 241\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02075.x (2008).","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.1997.0955","volume":"36","author":"YM Cycowicz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cycowicz, Y. M. & Friedman, D. Effect of sound familiarity on the event-related potentials elicited by novel environmental sounds. Brain Cognit. 36(1), 30\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/brcg.1997.0955 (1998).","journal-title":"Brain Cognit."},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-080317-061513","volume":"42","author":"A Kral","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kral, A., Dorman, M. F. & Wilson, B. S. Neuronal development of hearing and language: cochlear implants and critical periods. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 42(1), 47\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-neuro-080317-061513 (2019).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"92454_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.08.001","volume":"36","author":"A Thompson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thompson, A. & Steinbeis, N. Sensitive periods in executive function development. Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. 36, 98\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.08.001 (2020).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"92454_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2019.100866","volume":"52","author":"A Fiske","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fiske, A. & Holmboe, K. Neural substrates of early executive function development. Develop. Rev. 52, 42\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dr.2019.100866 (2019).","journal-title":"Develop. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"92454_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3390\/jintelligence4040014","volume":"4","author":"PC Kyllonen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kyllonen, P. C. & Zu, J. Use of response time for measuring cognitive ability. J. Intell. 4(4), 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jintelligence4040014 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Intell."},{"key":"92454_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-020-02416-7","volume":"20","author":"A Prabu Kumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prabu Kumar, A., Omprakash, A., Kuppusamy, M. & KN, M., BWC, S., PV, V. & Ramaswamy, P.,. How does cognitive function measure by the reaction time and critical flicker fusion frequency correlate with the academic performance of students?. BMC Med. Educ. 20, 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-020-02416-7 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Med. Educ."},{"issue":"9","key":"92454_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh061","volume":"14","author":"JW Lewis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lewis, J. W. et al. Human brain regions involved in recognizing environmental sounds. Cerebral Cortex 14(9), 1008\u20131021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhh061 (2004).","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"6","key":"92454_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099710","volume":"9","author":"R Martins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Martins, R., Simard, F. & Monchi, O. Differences between patterns of brain activity associated with semantics and those linked with phonological processing diminish with age. PLoS One 9(6), e99710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0099710 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhi091","volume":"16","author":"M Bonte","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bonte, M., Parviainen, T., Hyt\u00f6nen, K. & Salmelin, R. Time course of top-down and bottom-up influences on syllable processing in the auditory cortex. Cerebral Cortex 16(1), 115\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhi091 (2006).","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"92454_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e72056","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.72056","volume":"11","author":"C Brodbeck","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brodbeck, C. et al. Parallel processing in speech perception with local and global representations of linguistic context. Elife 11, e72056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.72056 (2022).","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"5","key":"92454_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2113","volume":"8","author":"G Hickok","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hickok, G. & Poeppel, D. The cortical organization of speech processing. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 8(5), 393\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2113 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"92454_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0014174","volume":"152","author":"CE Stilp","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stilp, C. E., Shorey, A. E. & King, C. J. Nonspeech sounds are not all equally good at being nonspeech. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 152(3), 1842\u20131849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/10.0014174 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"92454_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-011-2577-3","volume":"209","author":"R Kanai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kanai, R., Lloyd, H., Bueti, D. & Walsh, V. Modality-independent role of the primary auditory cortex in time estimation. Exp. Brain Res. 209(3), 465\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-011-2577-3 (2011).","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"92454_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37405","author":"N Gorina-Careta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gorina-Careta, N., Zarnowiec, K., Costa-Faidella, J. & Escera, C. Timing predictability enhances regularity encoding in the human subcortical auditory pathway. Sci. Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep37405 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003412","volume":"10","author":"R Santoro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Santoro, R. et al. Encoding of natural sounds at multiple spectral and temporal resolutions in the human auditory cortex. Plos Comput. Biol. 10(1), e1003412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003412 (2014).","journal-title":"Plos Comput. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"92454_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3731","volume":"15","author":"F Theunissen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Theunissen, F. & Elie, J. Neural processing of natural sounds. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 15(6), 355\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn3731 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05637.x","volume":"26","author":"E Tubau","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tubau, E., Escera, C., Carral, V. & Corral, M. Individual differences in sequence learning and auditory pattern sensitivity as revealed with evoked potentials. Eur. J. Neurosci. 26(1), 261\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05637.x (2007).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"92454_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001147","volume":"19","author":"G Avraham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Avraham, G., Morehead, J. R., Kim, H. E. & Ivry, R. B. Reexposure to a sensorimotor perturbation produces opposite effects on explicit and implicit learning processes. PLoS Biol. 19(3), e3001147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001147 (2021).","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"92454_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780190054045.013.18","author":"B Arf\u00e9","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arf\u00e9, B. & Fastelli, A. The influence of explicit and implicit memory processes on the spoken\u2013written language learning of children with cochlear implants. Oxford handb. Deaf Stud. Learn. Cognit. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780190054045.013.18 (2020).","journal-title":"Oxford handb. Deaf Stud. Learn. Cognit."},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/0014402916651848","volume":"83","author":"E Lund","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lund, E. & Douglas, W. M. Teaching vocabulary to preschool children with hearing loss. Except. Child. 83(1), 26\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0014402916651848 (2016).","journal-title":"Except. Child."},{"issue":"11","key":"92454_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3241","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2011.21623","volume":"23","author":"A Schirmer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schirmer, A., Soh, Y. H., Penney, T. B. & Wyse, L. Perceptual and conceptual priming of environmental sounds. J. Cognit. Neurosci. 23(11), 3241\u20133253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn.2011.21623 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Cognit. Neurosci."},{"key":"92454_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39991-9","author":"A Berland","year":"2019","unstructured":"Berland, A. et al. Categorization of everyday sounds by cochlear implanted children. Sci. Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-39991-9 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"92454_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-011-9326-7","volume":"25","author":"R Schiff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schiff, R. & Ravid, D. Linguistic processing in Hebrew-speaking children from low and high SES backgrounds. Read. Writ. 25(6), 1427\u20131448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11145-011-9326-7 (2012).","journal-title":"Read. Writ."},{"issue":"10","key":"92454_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797610384142","volume":"21","author":"JC Toscano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Toscano, J. C., McMurray, B., Dennhardt, J. & Luck, S. J. Continuous perception and graded categorization: Electrophysiological evidence for a linear relationship between the acoustic signal and perceptual encoding of speech. Psychol. Sci. 21(10), 1532\u20131540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956797610384142 (2010).","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"92454_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2017.03.010","volume":"171","author":"LL Conant","year":"2017","unstructured":"Conant, L. L., Liebenthal, E., Desai, A. & Binder, J. R. The relationship between maternal education and the neural substrates of phoneme perception in children: Interactions between socioeconomic status and proficiency level. Brain Lang. 171, 14\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bandl.2017.03.010 (2017).","journal-title":"Brain Lang."},{"issue":"4","key":"92454_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13351","volume":"26","author":"L Singh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singh, L., Cheng, Q. & Yeung, W. J. J. Effects of socio-economic status on infant native and non-native phoneme discrimination. Develop. Sci. 26(4), e13351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/desc.13351 (2023).","journal-title":"Develop. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"92454_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e95255","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095255","volume":"9","author":"SM Heath","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heath, S. M. et al. A spotlight on preschool: The influence of family factors on children\u2019s early literacy skills. PloS One 9(4), e95255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0095255 (2014).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9817.12321","volume":"44","author":"A Rassel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rassel, A., Facon, B. & Casalis, S. Morphological awareness and learning to read: Impact of socio-economic status in French third graders. J. Res. Read. 44(1), 228\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-9817.12321 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Res. Read."},{"issue":"4","key":"92454_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028612","volume":"49","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Phonological skills and vocabulary knowledge mediate socioeconomic status effects in predicting reading outcomes for Chinese children. Develop. Psychol. 49(4), 665\u2013671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0028612 (2013).","journal-title":"Develop. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"92454_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716419000547","volume":"41","author":"ME Erskine","year":"2020","unstructured":"Erskine, M. E., Munson, B. & Edwards, J. R. Relationship between early phonological processing and later phonological awareness: Evidence from nonword repetition. Appl. Psycholinguist. 41(2), 319\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0142716419000547 (2020).","journal-title":"Appl. Psycholinguist."},{"issue":"6","key":"92454_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3181e5d188","volume":"31","author":"D Lewis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lewis, D., Hoover, B., Choi, S. & Stelmachowicz, P. Relationship between speech perception in noise and phonological awareness skills for children with normal hearing. Ear Hear. 31(6), 761\u2013768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3181e5d188 (2010).","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12723","volume":"22","author":"MJ Snowling","year":"2019","unstructured":"Snowling, M. J., Lerv\u00e5g, A., Nash, H. M. & Hulme, C. Longitudinal relationships between speech perception, phonological skills and reading in children at high-risk of dyslexia. Develop. Sci. 22(1), e12723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/desc.12723 (2019).","journal-title":"Develop. Sci."},{"issue":"2017","key":"92454_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-linguistics-011516-034226","volume":"3","author":"A Pace","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pace, A., Luo, R., Hirsh-Pasek, K. & Golinkoff, R. M. Identifying pathways between socioeconomic status and language development. Ann. Rev. Linguist. 3(2017), 285\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-linguistics-011516-034226 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Linguist."},{"issue":"2","key":"92454_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1515\/LING.2009.014","volume":"47","author":"H Behrens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Behrens, H. Usage-based and emergentist approaches to language acquisition. Linguistics 47(2), 383\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/LING.2009.014 (2009).","journal-title":"Linguistics"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"92454_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1515\/cogl.2001.012","volume":"11","author":"M Tomasello","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tomasello, M. First steps toward a usage-based theory of language acquisition. Cognit. Linguist. 11(1\u20132), 61\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cogl.2001.012 (2001).","journal-title":"Cognit. Linguist."},{"issue":"7","key":"92454_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1954","volume":"11","author":"FS Zwart","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zwart, F. S., Vissers, C. T. W., Kessels, R. P. & Maes, J. H. Implicit learning seems to come naturally for children with autism, but not for children with specific language impairment: Evidence from behavioral and ERP data. Autism Res. 11(7), 1050\u20131061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.1954 (2018).","journal-title":"Autism Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"92454_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.21.4.899","volume":"21","author":"G Altmann","year":"1995","unstructured":"Altmann, G., Dienes, Z. & Goode, A. Modality independence of implicitly learned grammatical knowledge. J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cognit. 21(4), 899 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cognit."},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.31.1.24","volume":"31","author":"C Conway","year":"2005","unstructured":"Conway, C. & Christiansen, M. Modality-constrained statistical learning of tactile, visual, and auditory sequences. J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cognit. 31(1), 24\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0278-7393.31.1.24 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cognit."},{"issue":"2","key":"92454_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-021-02001-z","volume":"29","author":"Y Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han, Y. & Reber, P. Implicit sequence learning using auditory cues leads to modality-specific representations. Psychonomic Bull. Rev. 29(2), 541\u2013551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13423-021-02001-z (2021).","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bull. Rev."},{"key":"92454_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brennan, J. R. (2022). A neural code for speech. In: Language and the brain (pp 62\u201380). Oxford University Press, Oxford. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oso\/9780198814757.003.0004","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198814757.003.0004"},{"key":"92454_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01541","author":"J Bertels","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bertels, J., Boursain, E., Destrebecqz, A. & Gaillard, V. Visual statistical learning in children and young adults: How implicit?. Front. Psychol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01541 (2015).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"8","key":"92454_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929042304688","volume":"16","author":"KM Thomas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thomas, K. M. et al. Evidence of developmental differences in implicit sequence learning: an fMRI study of children and adults. J. Cognit. Neurosci. 16(8), 1339\u20131351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/0898929042304688 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Cognit. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"92454_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2017.101","volume":"82","author":"M Shimizu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shimizu, M. et al. Maturational decrease of glutamate in the human cerebral cortex from childhood to young adulthood: a 1h-mr spectroscopy study. Pediatric Res. 82(5), 749\u2013752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/pr.2017.101 (2017).","journal-title":"Pediatric Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"92454_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3390\/jintelligence12020019","volume":"12","author":"RM Klein","year":"2024","unstructured":"Klein, R. M., Good, S. R. & Christie, J. J. Changes in the networks of attention across the lifespan: a graphical meta-analysis. J. Intell. 12(2), 19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jintelligence12020019 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Intell."},{"issue":"4","key":"92454_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1097\/aud.0b013e3182064a87","volume":"32","author":"V Shafiro","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shafiro, V., Gygi, B., Cheng, M., Vachhani, J. & Mulvey, M. Perception of environmental sounds by experienced cochlear implant patients. Ear Hear. 32(4), 511\u2013523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aud.0b013e3182064a87 (2011).","journal-title":"Ear Hear."},{"issue":"5","key":"92454_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2010.494750","volume":"35","author":"KA Barnes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barnes, K. A., Howard, J. H. Jr., Howard, D. V., Kenealy, L. & Vaidya, C. J. Two forms of implicit learning in childhood ADHD. Develop. Neuropsychol. 35(5), 494\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/87565641.2010.494750 (2010).","journal-title":"Develop. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"5","key":"92454_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2011.06.004","volume":"39","author":"D Danner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Danner, D., Hagemann, D., Schankin, A., Hager, M. & Funke, J. Beyond IQ: A latent state-trait analysis of general intelligence, dynamic decision making, and implicit learning. Intelligence 39(5), 323\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intell.2011.06.004 (2011).","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025405","volume":"48","author":"E Kidd","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kidd, E. Implicit statistical learning is directly associated with the acquisition of syntax. Develop. Psychol. 48(1), 171\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0025405 (2012).","journal-title":"Develop. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"92454_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.126.2.178","volume":"126","author":"PJ Reber","year":"1997","unstructured":"Reber, P. J. & Kotovsky, K. Implicit learning in problem solving: The role of working memory capacity. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 126(2), 178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0096-3445.126.2.178 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Gen."},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5334\/joc.136","volume":"4","author":"E R\u00f6ttger","year":"2021","unstructured":"R\u00f6ttger, E., Zhao, F., Gaschler, R. & Haider, H. Why does dual-tasking hamper implicit sequence learning?. J. Cognit. 4(1), 1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/joc.136 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Cognit."},{"issue":"3","key":"92454_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.17.3.517","volume":"17","author":"BL Schwartz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schwartz, B. L., Howard, D. V., Howard, J. H. Jr., Hovaguimian, A. & Deutsch, S. I. Implicit learning of visuospatial sequences in schizophrenia. Neuropsychology 17(3), 517\u2013533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0894-4105.17.3.517 (2003).","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.33.1.34","volume":"33","author":"GF Gebauer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gebauer, G. F. & Mackintosh, N. J. Psychometric intelligence dissociates implicit and explicit learning. J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cognit. 33(1), 34\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0278-7393.33.1.34 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cognit."},{"issue":"3","key":"92454_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2010.05.011","volume":"116","author":"SB Kaufman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kaufman, S. B. et al. Implicit learning as an ability. Cognition 116(3), 321\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cognition.2010.05.011 (2010).","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"5","key":"92454_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.5.512","volume":"10","author":"JR Binder","year":"2000","unstructured":"Binder, J. R. et al. Human temporal lobe activation by speech and nonspeech sounds. Cerebral Cortex 10(5), 512\u2013528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/10.5.512 (2000).","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"7","key":"92454_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1162\/089892901753165890","volume":"13","author":"A Vouloumanos","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vouloumanos, A., Kiehl, K. A., Werker, J. F. & Liddle, P. F. Detection of sounds in the auditory stream: event-related fMRI evidence for differential activation to speech and nonspeech. J. Cognit. Neurosci. 13(7), 994\u20131005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/089892901753165890 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Cognit. Neurosci."},{"key":"92454_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.2147\/cia.s241976","volume":"15","author":"S Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim, S., Choi, I., Schwalje, A., Kim, K. & Lee, J. H. Auditory working memory explains variance in speech recognition in older listeners under adverse listening conditions. Clin. Intervent. Aging 15, 395\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/cia.s241976 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Intervent. Aging"},{"issue":"9","key":"92454_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X12459678","volume":"41","author":"PL Morgan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morgan, P. L., Farkas, G., Hillemeier, M. M. & Maczuga, S. Are minority children disproportionately represented in early intervention and early childhood special education?. Educ. Res. 41(9), 339\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/0013189X12459678 (2012).","journal-title":"Educ. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"92454_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-022-01874-9","volume":"55","author":"B Levin-Asher","year":"2023","unstructured":"Levin-Asher, B., Segal, O. & Kishon-Rabin, L. The validity of LENA technology for assessing the linguistic environment and interactions of infants learning Hebrew and Arabic. Behav. Res. Methods 55(3), 1480\u20131495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-022-01874-9 (2023).","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"92454_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12380","volume":"26","author":"E Reilly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reilly, E. et al. Infants\u2019 abilities to respond to cues for joint attention vary by family socioeconomic status. Infancy 26(2), 204\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/infa.12380 (2020).","journal-title":"Infancy"},{"key":"92454_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13020","author":"N Gonzalez-Gomez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Gomez, N., O\u2019Brien, F. & Harris, M. The effects of prematurity and socioeconomic deprivation on early speech perception: a story of two different delays. Develop. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/desc.13020 (2020).","journal-title":"Develop. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"92454_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.41.6.88","volume":"41","author":"JM Love","year":"2005","unstructured":"Love, J. M. et al. The effectiveness of early head start for 3-year-old children and their parents: lessons for policy and programs. Develop. Psychol. 41(6), 885\u2013901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0012-1649.41.6.88 (2005).","journal-title":"Develop. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"92454_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2014.899336","volume":"21","author":"J Karbach","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karbach, J., Strobach, T. & Schubert, T. Adaptive working-memory training benefits reading, but not mathematics in middle childhood. Child Neuropsychol. 21(3), 285\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09297049.2014.899336 (2014).","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychol."},{"key":"92454_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00137","author":"BA Rogowsky","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rogowsky, B. A., Papamichalis, P., Villa, L., Heim, S. & Tallal, P. Neuroplasticity-based cognitive and linguistic skills training improves reading and writing skills in college students. Front. Psychol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00137 (2013).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"92454_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179973","volume":"12","author":"SY Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim, S. Y. et al. Severe hearing impairment and risk of depression: a national cohort study. PLoS One 12(6), e0179973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0179973 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"92454_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2018.02.002","volume":"50","author":"C Firk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Firk, C., Konrad, K., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Scharke, W. & Dahmen, B. Cognitive development in children of adolescent mothers: The impact of socioeconomic risk and maternal sensitivity. Infant Behav. Develop. 50, 238\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.infbeh.2018.02.002 (2018).","journal-title":"Infant Behav. Develop."},{"key":"92454_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.05.016","volume":"73","author":"MS Breen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Breen, M. S. et al. Gene expression in cord blood links genetic risk for neurodevelopmental disorders with maternal psychological distress and adverse childhood outcomes. Brain Behavior Immunity 73, 320\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.05.016 (2018).","journal-title":"Brain Behavior Immunity"},{"issue":"2","key":"92454_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1121\/1.416208","volume":"100","author":"MP Gorga","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gorga, M. P., Stover, L. J., Neely, S. T. & Montoya, D. Y. The use of cumulative distributions to determine critical values and levels of confidence for clinical distortion product otoacoustic emission measurements. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 100(2), 968\u2013977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.416208 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244954","volume":"16","author":"L Eghbalzad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eghbalzad, L., Deocampo, J. A. & Conway, C. M. How statistical learning interacts with the socioeconomic environment to shape children\u2019s language development. PLoS One 16(1), e0244954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0244954 (2021).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"92454_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1515\/JBCPP.2004.15.1-2.41","volume":"15","author":"L Kishon-Rabin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kishon-Rabin, L., Patael, S., Menahemi, M. & Amir, N. Are the perceptual effects of spectral smearing influenced by speaker gender?. J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol. 15(1\u20132), 41\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/JBCPP.2004.15.1-2.41 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(87)90002-8","volume":"19","author":"MJ Nissen","year":"1987","unstructured":"Nissen, M. J. & Bullemer, P. Attentional requirements of learning: Evidence from performance measures. Cognit. Psychol. 19(1), 1\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0010-0285(87)90002-8 (1987).","journal-title":"Cognit. Psychol."},{"issue":"9","key":"92454_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2014.04.017","volume":"35","author":"M Gofer-Levi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gofer-Levi, M., Silberg, T., Brezner, A. & Vakil, E. Cognitive procedural learning among children and adolescents with or without spastic cerebral palsy: The differential effect of age. Res. Develop. Disabil. 35(9), 1952\u20131962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2014.04.017 (2014).","journal-title":"Res. Develop. Disabil."},{"key":"92454_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2013.10.011","volume":"51","author":"JA Lum","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lum, J. A., Conti-Ramsden, G., Morgan, A. T. & Ullman, M. T. Procedural learning deficits in specific language impairment (SLI): A meta-analysis of serial reaction time task performance. Cortex 51, 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2013.10.011 (2014).","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"1","key":"92454_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(99)00058-5","volume":"38","author":"E Vakil","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vakil, E., Kahan, S., Huberman, M. & Osimani, A. Motor and non-motor sequence learning in patients with basal ganglia lesions: the case of serial reaction time (SRT). Neuropsychologia 38(1), 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0028-3932(99)00058-5 (2000).","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"92454_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2626(02)00515-8","volume":"50","author":"E Vakil","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vakil, E., Kraus, A., Bor, B. & Groswasser, Z. Impaired skill learning in patients with severe closed-head injury as demonstrated by the serial reaction time (SRT) task. Brain Cognit. 50(2), 304\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0278-2626(02)00515-8 (2002).","journal-title":"Brain Cognit."},{"key":"92454_CR140","volume-title":"Raven Manual, Section 1 Standard Progressive Matrices","author":"JC Raven","year":"1998","unstructured":"Raven, J. C. & Court, J. H. Raven Manual, Section (Oxford Psychologist Press Ltd., 1998)."},{"issue":"12","key":"92454_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3656","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_JSLHR-H-16-0446","volume":"60","author":"Y Zaltz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zaltz, Y., Roth, D. A. E. & Kishon-Rabin, L. Is the role of external feedback in auditory skill learning age dependent?. J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. 60(12), 3656\u20133666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2017_JSLHR-H-16-0446 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"92454_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.1998.1034","volume":"38","author":"T Miner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Miner, T. & Ferraro, F. R. The role of speed of processing, inhibitory mechanisms, and presentation order in trail-making test performance. Brain Cognit. 38(2), 246\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/brcg.1998.1034 (1998).","journal-title":"Brain Cognit."},{"issue":"6","key":"92454_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4679(199611)52:6<651::AID-JCLP7>3.0.CO;2-N","volume":"52","author":"D Vickers","year":"1996","unstructured":"Vickers, D., Vincent, N. & Medvedev, A. The geometric structure, construction, and interpretation of path-following (trail-making) tests. J. Clin. Psychol. 52(6), 651\u2013661  (1996).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-92454-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-92454-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-92454-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:40:33Z","timestamp":1741308033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-92454-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"references-count":143,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["92454"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-92454-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"7872"}}