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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mid- and long-term outcomes and major predisposing risk factors for clinical limitations such as pain or reduced lung capacity in patients with conservatively managed rib fractures to provide a basis for optimizing current therapy. Patients who underwent conservative management of rib fractures between 2014 and 2018 at a level I trauma center were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria were Injury Severity Score (ISS)\u2009\u2264\u200916 points and a minimum follow-up of 3 years. Outcome parameters were the SF-36 physical and mental component summary score (PCS and MCS, respectively) as well as current pain and respiratory problems. Risk factors evaluated included age, body mass index (BMI), in-hospital days, number of rib fractures, fracture dislocation and serial rib fracture. PCS was comparable to the normal population. The correlation between age and PCS was significant, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002. BMI correlated significantly with PCS, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001, current pain, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.034 and respiratory problems, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.029. No significant correlations were observed for the number of rib fractures and in-hospital days. Fracture dislocation and serial rib fracture showed no effect on PCS, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.134 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.914, respectively, and current pain, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.916 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.357, respectively. In the medium- to long-term, conservative treatment of simple rib fractures or serial rib fractures showed good results, but was negatively affected by a high patient age or BMI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-92622-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T13:54:03Z","timestamp":1742219643000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Risk factors associated with medium- to long-term outcome and health-related quality of life of patients with conservatively treated rib fractures"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Heyart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathleen","family":"Kmezik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Sch\u00f6bel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Kr\u00e4mer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Kleber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich J.","family":"Spiegl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"92622_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.01.004","volume":"43","author":"CE Battle","year":"2012","unstructured":"Battle, C. 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