{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T22:29:03Z","timestamp":1767911343019,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Program of the Network-type Joint Usage\/Research Center for Radiation Disaster Medical Science of Hiroshima University, Nagasaki University, and Fukushima Medical University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The circulatory system receives ionizing radiation at various dose rates. Given mounting epidemiological evidence of elevated radiation risks for diseases of the circulatory system (DCS), the International Commission on Radiological Protection recently recommended the first ever dose threshold for DCS. However, very little knowledge exists about whether radiation effects differ with dose rates and among tissues of the circulatory system. Here, we investigated the impact of dose rates in the carotid artery (CA) and compared it with the aorta. CA was obtained from mice irradiated with the same total dose that was delivered either acutely, 25 fractions, 100 fractions or chronically. CA underwent immunofluorescence and histochemistry staining. Irradiation led to vascular damage, inflammation and fibrosis in CA. The integrative analysis for 14 prelesional endpoints revealed that the magnitude of carotid changes was greater in 25 fractions, smaller in 100 fractions, and much smaller in chronic irradiation, compared with acute irradiation. Radiation responses of the aorta were qualitatively similar to, but quantitatively greater than those of CA. Irradiation causes sparing and enhancing dose protraction effects in a manner that is not a simple function of dose rate, and that radiosensitivity varies within the circulatory system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-92710-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T09:02:23Z","timestamp":1741165343000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Responses of the carotid artery to acute, fractionated or chronic ionizing irradiation, and differences from the aorta"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2518-6131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Hamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4585-2365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki-ichiro","family":"Kawano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4384-5893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seiko","family":"Hirota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0658-7116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farina Mohamad","family":"Yusoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3239-7917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takaharu","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2545-3842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7838-1494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayumu","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5328-0240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinji","family":"Yoshinaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5813-3672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukihito","family":"Higashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"92710_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(91)90171-y","volume":"21","author":"B Emami","year":"1991","unstructured":"Emami, B. et al. Tolerance of normal tissue to therapeutic irradiation. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 21, 109\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0360-3016(91)90171-y (1991).","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"92710_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"b5349","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b5349","volume":"340","author":"Y Shimizu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shimizu, Y. et al. Radiation exposure and circulatory disease risk: Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivor data, 1950\u20132003. BMJ 340, b5349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.b5349 (2010).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"92710_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ICRP. ICRP Publication 118. ICRP statement on tissue reactions and early and late effects of radiation in normal tissues and organs: Threshold doses for tissue reactions in a radiation protection context. Ann. ICRP 41(1\u20132), 1\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.icrp.2012.02.001 (2012).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icrp.2012.02.001"},{"key":"92710_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e072924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-072924","volume":"380","author":"MP Little","year":"2023","unstructured":"Little, M. P. et al. Ionising radiation and cardiovascular disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 380, e072924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj-2022-072924 (2023).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"92710_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2023.12.008","volume":"34","author":"K Benali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Benali, K. et al. One-year mortality and causes of death after stereotactic radiation therapy for refractory ventricular arrhythmias: A systematic review and pooled analysis. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 34, 488\u2013496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tcm.2023.12.008 (2024).","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"92710_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106235","volume":"146","author":"S Tapio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tapio, S. et al. Ionizing radiation-induced circulatory and metabolic diseases. Environ. Int. 146, 106235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106235 (2021).","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"92710_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.01.053","volume":"84","author":"MP Little","year":"2012","unstructured":"Little, M. P. et al. Analysis of dose response for circulatory disease after radiotherapy for benign disease. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 84, 1101\u20131109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.01.053 (2012).","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"92710_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2022.105868","volume":"129","author":"A Leboucher","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leboucher, A. et al. Head and neck radiotherapy-induced carotid toxicity: Pathophysiological concepts and clinical syndromes. Oral Oncol. 129, 105868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2022.105868 (2022).","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"92710_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.02.031","volume":"71","author":"S Hoving","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hoving, S. et al. Single-dose and fractionated irradiation promote initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and induce an inflammatory plaque phenotype in ApoE\u2013\/\u2013 mice. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 71, 848\u2013857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.02.031 (2008).","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"92710_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12874","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012874","volume":"5","author":"S Hoving","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hoving, S. et al. NO-donating aspirin and aspirin partially inhibit age-related atherosclerosis but not radiation-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE null mice. PLoS One. 5, e12874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0012874 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"92710_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1667\/RR14823.1","volume":"189","author":"TG Ebrahimian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ebrahimian, T. G. et al. Chronic exposure to external low-dose gamma radiation induces an increase in anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative parameters resulting in atherosclerotic plaque size reduction in ApoE\u2013\/\u2013 mice. Radiat. Res. 189, 187\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1667\/RR14823.1 (2018).","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"92710_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rraa050","volume":"61","author":"N Takahashi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Takahashi, N. et al. Association between low doses of ionizing radiation, administered acutely or chronically, and time to onset of stroke in a rat model. J. Radiat. Res. 61, 666\u2013673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jrr\/rraa050 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res."},{"key":"92710_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2025.108531","volume":"795","author":"N Hamada","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hamada, N. et al. Inverse dose protraction effects of low-LET radiation: Evidence and significance. Mutat. Res. 795, 108531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mrrev.2025.108531 (2025).","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"92710_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2025.108530","volume":"795","author":"N Hamada","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hamada, N. et al. Inverse dose protraction effects of high-LET radiation: Evidence and significance. Mutat. Res. 795, 108530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mrrev.2025.108530 (2025).","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"92710_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2017.04.017","volume":"106","author":"PE Wesolowska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wesolowska, P. E. et al. Characterization of three solid state dosimetry systems for use in high energy photon dosimetry audits in radiotherapy. Radiat. Meas. 106, 556\u2013562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radmeas.2017.04.017 (2017).","journal-title":"Radiat. Meas."},{"key":"92710_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1269\/jrr.41.129","volume":"41","author":"Y Hoshi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hoshi, Y. et al. Application of a newly developed photoluminescence glass dosimeter for measuring the absorbed dose in individual mice exposed to low-dose rate 137Cs \u03b3-rays. J. Radiat. Res. 41, 129\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1269\/jrr.41.129 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res."},{"key":"92710_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgac100","volume":"44","author":"M Sasatani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sasatani, M. et al. Morphology dynamics in intestinal crypt during postnatal development affect age-dependent susceptibility to radiation-induced intestinal tumorigenesis in ApcMin\/+ mice: Possible mechanisms of radiation tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis 44, 105\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/carcin\/bgac100 (2023).","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"92710_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12103030","volume":"12","author":"N Hamada","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hamada, N. et al. Ionizing irradiation induces vascular damage in the aorta of wild-type mice. Cancers 12, 3030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers12103030 (2020).","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"92710_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5344","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13215344","volume":"13","author":"N Hamada","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hamada, N. et al. Vascular damage in the aorta of wild-type mice exposed to ionizing radiation: Sparing and enhancing effects of dose Protraction. Cancers 13, 5344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers13215344 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"92710_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3319","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14143319","volume":"14","author":"N Hamada","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hamada, N. et al. Temporal changes in sparing and enhancing dose protraction effects of ionizing irradiation for aortic damage in wild-type mice. Cancers 14, 3319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers14143319 (2022).","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"92710_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2023.2242939","volume":"100","author":"N Hamada","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hamada, N. et al. Sparing and enhancing dose protraction effects for radiation damage to the aorta of wild-type mice. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 100, 37\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09553002.2023.2242939 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Biol."},{"key":"92710_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-015-0613-6","volume":"54","author":"W R\u00fchm","year":"2015","unstructured":"R\u00fchm, W. et al. Dose and dose-rate effects of ionizing radiation: A discussion in the light of radiological protection. Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 54, 379\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00411-015-0613-6 (2015).","journal-title":"Radiat. Environ. Biophys."},{"key":"92710_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000001230","volume":"119","author":"M Sasaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sasaki, M., Kudo, S. & Furuta, H. Effect of radiation dose rate on circulatory disease mortality among nuclear workers: Reanalysis of Hanford data. Health Phys. 119, 280\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HP.0000000000001230 (2020).","journal-title":"Health Phys."},{"key":"92710_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Azizova, T. V., Grigoryeva, E. S. & Hamada, N. Dose rate effect on mortality from ischemic heart disease in the cohort of Russian Mayak Production Association workers. Sci. Rep. 13, 1926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-28954-w (2023).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-28954-w"},{"key":"92710_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.932","volume":"235","author":"T Cervelli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cervelli, T. et al. Effects of single and fractionated low-dose irradiation on vascular endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 235, 510\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.932 (2014).","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"92710_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2012.13.4.331","volume":"13","author":"MA Seol","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seol, M. A. et al. Prolonged expression of senescence markers in mice exposed to \u03b3-irradiation. J. Vet. Sci. 13, 331\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4142\/jvs.2012.13.4.331 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"92710_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2017.1286051","volume":"93","author":"DG Hoel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hoel, D. G. & Carnes, B. A. Cardiovascular effects of fission neutron or 60Co \u03b3 exposure in the B6CF1 mouse. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 93, 563\u2013568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09553002.2017.1286051 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Biol."},{"key":"92710_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-017-0707-4","volume":"56","author":"V Tran","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tran, V. & Little, M. P. Dose and dose rate extrapolation factors for malignant and non-malignant health endpoints after exposure to \u03b3 and neutron radiation. Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 56, 299\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00411-017-0707-4 (2017).","journal-title":"Radiat. Environ. Biophys."},{"key":"92710_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt244","volume":"179","author":"LB Zablotska","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zablotska, L. B., Little, M. P. & Cornett, R. J. Potential increased risk of ischemic heart disease mortality with significant dose fractionation in the Canadian fluoroscopy cohort study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 179, 120\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwt244 (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"92710_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1667\/RR15571.1","volume":"194","author":"MP Little","year":"2020","unstructured":"Little, M. P. et al. Lifetime mortality risk from cancer and circulatory disease predicted from the Japanese atomic bomb survivor life span study data taking account of dose measurement error. Radiat. Res. 194, 259\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1667\/RR15571.1 (2020).","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"92710_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1667\/RADE-22-00108.1","volume":"198","author":"MP Little","year":"2022","unstructured":"Little, M. P. & Hamada, N. Low-dose extrapolation factors implied by mortality and incidence data from the Japanese atomic bomb survivor life span study data. Radiat. Res. 198, 582\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1667\/RADE-22-00108.1 (2022).","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"92710_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1667\/RADE-23-00030.1","volume":"200","author":"N Hamada","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hamada, N. Noncancer effects of ionizing radiation exposure on the eye, the circulatory system and beyond: Developments made since the 2011 ICRP statement on tissue reactions. Radiat. Res. 200, 188\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1667\/RADE-23-00030.1 (2023).","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"92710_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1667\/RADE-23-00230.1","volume":"202","author":"LB Zablotska","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zablotska, L. B., Little, M. P. & Hamada, N. Revisiting an inverse dose-fractionation effect of ionizing radiation exposure for ischemic heart disease: Insights from recent studies. Radiat. Res. 202, 80\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1667\/RADE-23-00230.1 (2024).","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"92710_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1667\/0033-7587(2002)158[0771:teokxr]2.0.co;2","volume":"158","author":"E Schmid","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schmid, E., Regulla, D., Kramer, H. M. & Harder, D. The effect of 29\u00a0kV X rays on the dose response of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes. Radiat. Res. 158, 771\u2013777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1667\/0033-7587(2002)158[0771:teokxr]2.0.co;2 (2002).","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"92710_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1667\/RADE-22-00210.1","volume":"199","author":"J Korns","year":"2023","unstructured":"Korns, J. et al. Varied photon radiation sources produce differences in cellular response. Radiat. Res. 199, 422\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1667\/RADE-22-00210.1 (2023).","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"92710_CR36","unstructured":"NCRP. Evaluation of the relative effectiveness of low-energy photons and electrons in inducing cancer in humans. NCRP Report No.181. Maryland, NCRP. (2018)."},{"key":"92710_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saigusa, Y. et al. Biological effects of high-LET irradiation on the circulatory system. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 101, in press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09553002.2025.2470947 (2025).","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2025.2470947"},{"key":"92710_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050409","volume":"168","author":"FA Stewart","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stewart, F. A. et al. Ionizing radiation accelerates the development of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE\u2013\/\u2013 mice and predisposes to an inflammatory plaque phenotype prone to hemorrhage. Am. J. Pathol. 168, 649\u2013658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050409 (2006).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"92710_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31263","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.5075","volume":"6","author":"M Mancuso","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mancuso, M. et al. Acceleration of atherogenesis in ApoE\u2013\/\u2013 mice exposed to acute or low-dose-rate ionizing radiation. Oncotarget 6, 31263\u201331271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.5075 (2015).","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"92710_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2019.02.004","volume":"779","author":"A Uwineza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Uwineza, A. et al. Cataractogenic load: A concept to study the contribution of ionizing radiation to accelerated aging in the eye lens. Mutat. Res. 779, 68\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mrrev.2019.02.004 (2019).","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"92710_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2024.2338516","volume":"100","author":"N Nakamura","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nakamura, N. Reasons why the Idea that radiation exposures induce cancer needs to be revisited. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 100, 824\u2013833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09553002.2024.2338516 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Biol."},{"key":"92710_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111706","volume":"160","author":"JW Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park, J. W. et al. Metformin alleviates ionizing radiation-induced senescence by restoring BARD1-mediated DNA repair in human aortic endothelial cells. Exp. Gerontol. 160, 111706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111706 (2022).","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"92710_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2023.166994","volume":"1870","author":"X Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng, X. et al. Ionizing radiation induces vascular smooth muscle cell senescence through activating NF-\u03baB\/CTCF\/p16 pathway. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis. 1870, 166994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2023.166994 (2024).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"92710_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-021-00151-2","volume":"1","author":"M Suda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Suda, M. et al. Senolytic vaccination improves normal and pathological age-related phenotypes and increases lifespan in progeroid mice. Nat. Aging. 1, 1117\u20131126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43587-021-00151-2 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"92710_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e165933","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI165933","volume":"133","author":"AB Herman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Herman, A. B. et al. DPP4 Inhibition impairs senohemostasis to improve plaque stability in atherosclerotic mice. J. Clin. Invest. 133, e165933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI165933 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-92710-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-92710-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-92710-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T09:02:30Z","timestamp":1741165350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-92710-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["92710"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-92710-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"7712"}}