{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T03:10:02Z","timestamp":1786763402193,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-92933-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T14:55:18Z","timestamp":1742223318000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Triglyceride\/high density lipoprotein cholesterol index and future cardiovascular events in diabetic patients without known cardiovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shota","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Shinohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sho","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyasu","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroka","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryohei","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouji","family":"Matsushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"Kishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Issei","family":"Komuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Tsutsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohtaro","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"92933_CR1","first-page":"e596","volume":"140","author":"DK Arnett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arnett, D. K. et al. 2019 ACC\/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A report of the american college of cardiology\/American heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation 140, e596\u2013e646 (2019).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"92933_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4043","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad192","volume":"44","author":"N Marx","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marx, N. et al. 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. Eur. Heart J. 44, 4043\u20134140 (2023).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"92933_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corrigendum to: 2019 ESC guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur. Heart J. 41, 4317 (2020).","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz828"},{"key":"92933_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.074","volume":"329","author":"F Maranta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maranta, F., Cianfanelli, L., Rizzo, M. & Cianflone, D. Filling the gap between guidelines and real world in the cardiovascular approach to the diabetic patients: The need for a call to action. Int. J. Cardiol. 329, 205\u2013207 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"92933_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab484","volume":"42","author":"FLJ Visseren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Visseren, F. L. J. et al. 2021 ESC guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur. Heart J. 42, 3227\u20133337 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"92933_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67667-2","volume":"366","author":"A Keech","year":"2005","unstructured":"Keech, A. et al. Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): Randomised controlled trial. Lancet 366, 1849\u20131861 (2005).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"92933_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1001282","volume":"362","author":"ACCORD Study Group","year":"2010","unstructured":"ACCORD Study Group et al. Effects of combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N. Engl. J. Med. 362, 1563\u20131574 (2010).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"92933_CR8","first-page":"CD009753","volume":"11","author":"T Jakob","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jakob, T., Nordmann, A. J., Schandelmaier, S., Ferreira-Gonz\u00e1lez, I. & Briel, M. Fibrates for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease events. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 11, CD009753 (2016).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"92933_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2017.02.004","volume":"91","author":"JR Nelson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nelson, J. R., Wani, O., May, H. T. & Budoff, M. Potential benefits of eicosapentaenoic acid on atherosclerotic plaques. Vascul. Pharmacol. 91, 1\u20139 (2017).","journal-title":"Vascul. Pharmacol."},{"key":"92933_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2022.0912","volume":"7","author":"C Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, C. et al. Association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk populations. JAMA Cardiol. 7, 672\u2013680 (2022).","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"92933_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.8.2520","volume":"96","author":"JM Gaziano","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gaziano, J. M., Hennekens, C. H., O\u2019Donnell, C. J., Breslow, J. L. & Buring, J. E. Fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and risk of myocardial infarction. Circulation 96, 2520\u20132525 (1997).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"92933_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.11.1029","volume":"97","author":"J Jeppesen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jeppesen, J., Hein, H. O., Suadicani, P. & Gyntelberg, F. Triglyceride concentration and ischemic heart disease: An eight-year follow-up in the copenhagen male study. Circulation 97, 1029\u20131036 (1998).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"92933_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322008000400003","volume":"63","author":"PL da Luz","year":"2008","unstructured":"da Luz, P. L., Favarato, D., Faria-Neto, J. R., Lemos, P. & Chagas, A. C. P. High ratio of triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol predicts extensive coronary disease. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 63, 427\u2013432 (2008).","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"92933_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2019.03.019","volume":"29","author":"R Sultani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sultani, R. et al. Elevated triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG\/HDL-C) ratio predicts long-term mortality in high-risk patients. Heart Lung Circ. 29, 414\u2013421 (2020).","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ."},{"key":"92933_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-2224","volume":"41","author":"H Itoh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Itoh, H. et al. Intensive treat-to-target statin therapy in high-risk japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia and diabetic retinopathy: Report of a randomized study. Diabet. Care 41, 1275\u20131284 (2018).","journal-title":"Diabet. Care"},{"key":"92933_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-19-0981","volume":"84","author":"H Tada","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tada, H. et al. Fasting and non-fasting triglycerides and risk of cardiovascular events in diabetic patients under statin therapy. Circ. J. 84, 509\u2013515 (2020).","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"92933_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01921-5","volume":"22","author":"FPB Kristensen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kristensen, F. P. B. et al. Triglycerides and risk of cardiovascular events in statin-treated patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A Danish cohort study. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 22, 187 (2023).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"92933_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.057","volume":"242","author":"R Quispe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Quispe, R. et al. Relationship of the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG\/HDL-C) ratio to the remainder of the lipid profile: The very large database of lipids-4 (VLDL-4) study. Atherosclerosis 242, 243\u2013250 (2015).","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"92933_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.122.317163","volume":"42","author":"KE Bornfeldt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bornfeldt, K. E. The remnant lipoprotein hypothesis of diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 42, 819\u2013830 (2022).","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"92933_CR20","first-page":"452","volume":"9","author":"J Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, J. et al. Remnant-like particle cholesterol and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 9, 452 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis."},{"key":"92933_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306249","volume":"118","author":"BG Nordestgaard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nordestgaard, B. G. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: New insights from epidemiology, genetics, and biology. Circ. Res. 118, 547\u2013563 (2016).","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"92933_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003008","volume":"128","author":"A Varbo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Varbo, A., Benn, M., Tybj\u00e6rg-Hansen, A. & Nordestgaard, B. G. Elevated remnant cholesterol causes both low-grade inflammation and ischemic heart disease, whereas elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol causes ischemic heart disease without inflammation. Circulation 128, 1298\u20131309 (2013).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"92933_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.5117","volume":"285","author":"AM Sawka","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sawka, A. M. et al. Remnant lipoproteins induce endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 285, 15\u201319 (2001).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"92933_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1656092","volume":"77","author":"AR Saniabadi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Saniabadi, A. R. et al. Aggregation of human blood platelets by remnant like lipoprotein particles of plasma chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins. Thromb. Haemost. 77, 996\u20131001 (1997).","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"92933_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02046-5","volume":"22","author":"H Yuge","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yuge, H. et al. Triglycerides\/HDL cholesterol ratio and type 2 diabetes incidence: Panasonic Cohort Study 10. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 22, 308 (2023).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"92933_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2795","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M040584","volume":"54","author":"M Murgu\u00eda-Romero","year":"2013","unstructured":"Murgu\u00eda-Romero, M. et al. Plasma triglyceride\/HDL-cholesterol ratio, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk in young adults. J. Lipid. Res. 54, 2795\u20132799 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Lipid. Res."},{"key":"92933_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.07.008","volume":"104","author":"A Cordero","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cordero, A. et al. Usefulness of triglycerides-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio for predicting the first coronary event in men. Am. J. Cardiol. 104, 1393\u20131397 (2009).","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"92933_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.19.SupplementI_S81","volume":"19","author":"Y Harano","year":"1996","unstructured":"Harano, Y. et al. Clinical impact of insulin resistance syndrome in cardiovascular diseases and its therapeutic approach. Hypertens. Res. 19(Suppl 1), S81-85 (1996).","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"92933_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116541","volume":"92","author":"GM Reaven","year":"1993","unstructured":"Reaven, G. M., Chen, Y. D., Jeppesen, J., Maheux, P. & Krauss, R. M. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in individuals with small, dense low density lipoprotein particles. J. Clin. Invest. 92, 141\u2013146 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"92933_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32519-X","volume":"394","author":"FJ Brunner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brunner, F. J. et al. Application of non-HDL cholesterol for population-based cardiovascular risk stratification: Results from the Multinational Cardiovascular Risk Consortium. Lancet 394, 2173\u20132183 (2019).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"92933_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11100690","volume":"11","author":"J Behbodikhah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Behbodikhah, J. et al. Apolipoprotein B and cardiovascular disease: Biomarker and potential therapeutic target. Metabolites 11, 690 (2021).","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"92933_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-024-01225-3","volume":"26","author":"G Bosco","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bosco, G., Mszar, R., Piro, S., Sabouret, P. & Gallo, A. Cardiovascular risk estimation and stratification among individuals with hypercholesterolemia. Curr. Atheroscler. Rep. 26, 537\u2013548 (2024).","journal-title":"Curr. Atheroscler. Rep."},{"key":"92933_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2021.07.013","volume":"73","author":"DJ Aggarwal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aggarwal, D. J., Kathariya, M. G. & Verma, D. P. K. LDL-C, NON-HDL-C and APO-B for cardiovascular risk assessment: Looking for the ideal marker. Indian Heart J. 73, 544\u2013548 (2021).","journal-title":"Indian Heart J."},{"key":"92933_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2006.01616.x","volume":"259","author":"PJ Barter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barter, P. J. et al. Apo B versus cholesterol in estimating cardiovascular risk and in guiding therapy: Report of the thirty-person\/ten-country panel. J. Intern. Med. 259, 247\u2013258 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"92933_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03410130125037","volume":"260","author":"MA Austin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Austin, M. A. et al. Low-density lipoprotein subclass patterns and risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA 260, 1917\u20131921 (1988).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"92933_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.095748","volume":"45","author":"JK Liao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Liao, J. K. & Laufs, U. Pleiotropic effects of statins. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 45, 89\u2013118 (2005).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"92933_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.308537","volume":"120","author":"A Oesterle","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oesterle, A., Laufs, U. & Liao, J. K. Pleiotropic effects of statins on the cardiovascular system. Circ. Res. 120, 229\u2013243 (2017).","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"92933_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-021-00734-x","volume":"44","author":"K Shinohara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shinohara, K. et al. Efficacy of intensive lipid-lowering therapy with statins stratified by blood pressure levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and retinopathy: Insight from the EMPATHY study. Hypertens. Res 44, 1606\u20131616 (2021).","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res"},{"key":"92933_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002823","volume":"39","author":"S Ikeda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ikeda, S. et al. Effectiveness of statin intensive therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus with high visit-to-visit blood pressure variability. J. Hypertens. 39, 1435\u20131443 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"92933_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1543","volume":"32","author":"R Scott","year":"2009","unstructured":"Scott, R. et al. Effects of fenofibrate treatment on cardiovascular disease risk in 9,795 individuals with type 2 diabetes and various components of the metabolic syndrome: The fenofibrate intervention and event lowering in diabetes (FIELD) study. Diabetes. Care 32, 493\u2013498 (2009).","journal-title":"Diabetes. Care"},{"key":"92933_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2016.03.008","volume":"10","author":"KC Maki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maki, K. C. et al. Triglyceride-lowering therapies reduce cardiovascular disease event risk in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia. J. Clin. Lipidol. 10, 905\u2013914 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lipidol."},{"key":"92933_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60527-3","volume":"369","author":"M Yokoyama","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yokoyama, M. et al. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): A randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis. Lancet 369, 1090\u20131098 (2007).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"92933_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.06.003","volume":"200","author":"Y Saito","year":"2008","unstructured":"Saito, Y. et al. Effects of EPA on coronary artery disease in hypercholesterolemic patients with multiple risk factors: Sub-analysis of primary prevention cases from the Japan EPA lipid intervention study (JELIS). Atherosclerosis 200, 135\u2013140 (2008).","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"92933_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.03.029","volume":"206","author":"S Oikawa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oikawa, S. et al. Suppressive effect of EPA on the incidence of coronary events in hypercholesterolemia with impaired glucose metabolism: Sub-analysis of the Japan EPA lipid intervention study (JELIS). Atherosclerosis 206, 535\u2013539 (2009).","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"92933_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30057-2","volume":"4","author":"JRW Brownrigg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brownrigg, J. R. W. et al. Microvascular disease and risk of cardiovascular events among individuals with type 2 diabetes: A population-level cohort study. Lancet. Diabetes. Endocrinol. 4, 588\u2013597 (2016).","journal-title":"Lancet. Diabetes. Endocrinol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-92933-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-92933-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-92933-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T15:21:31Z","timestamp":1742224891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-92933-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["92933"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-92933-6","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.08.30.24312870","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"K.S. reports grants from Daiichi Sankyo, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, and Otsuka Medical Devices. H.I. reports personal fees from SBI Pharmaceuticals, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical, NIPRO, Meiji, Taisho Pharmaceutical, Ono Pharmaceutical, Kowa, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, and Novartis Pharma. I.K. reports grant and\/or personal fees from Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Japan, Daiichi Sankyo, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Teijin Pharma, AstraZeneca, Kowa, MSD, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Ono Pharmaceutical, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis Pharma, and Bayer Yakuhin. H.T. reports grants and\/or personal fees from Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis Pharma, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Pfizer Japan, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Teijin Pharma, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Ono Pharmaceutical, Kowa, IQVIA Service Japan, MEDINET, Medical Innovation Kyushu, Bayer Yakuhin, Johnson & Johnson, NEC, Nippon Rinsho and Japanese Heart Failure Society. K.A. received grants from Mochida Pharmaceutical and Actelion Pharmaceuticals Japan. Other authors report no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"9217"}}