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The clinical progression of ROP exhibits notable similarities to infantile hemangioma (IH), suggesting shared risk factors and underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the influence of variants in genes postulated for IH\u2014specifically, anthrax toxin receptor 1 (\n                    <jats:italic>ANTXR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), beta-2-adrenergic receptor (\n                    <jats:italic>ADRB2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), Fms-related tyrosine kinase 4 receptor (\n                    <jats:italic>FLT4<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), kinase insert domain receptor (\n                    <jats:italic>KDR<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (\n                    <jats:italic>IGF1R<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\u2014on the development and severity of ROP. In our analysis of 210 infants born at a gestational age of less than 33 weeks, we identified the\n                    <jats:italic>ADRB2<\/jats:italic>\n                    rs1042714G variant allele as a significant risk factor for ROP, particularly its proliferative form. This risk was exacerbated by interactions with factors associated with neonatal respiratory failure, such as surfactant therapy, postnatal resuscitation, and mechanical ventilation, as well as the angiotensin II type 1 receptor variant (\n                    <jats:italic>AGTR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    rs5186A\u2009&gt;\u2009C), previously linked to ROP risk in meta-analyses. Moreover, STRING protein-protein interaction analysis revealed that the ADRB2 protein interacts directly with a component of the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway. These findings highlight potential pharmacological targets for ROP interventions, emphasizing the importance of understanding genetic contributions to this complex condition.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-95055-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T08:54:09Z","timestamp":1743756849000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association of the ADRB2 rs1042714 variant with retinopathy of prematurity highlights the importance of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Chmielarz-Czarnoci\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Durska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bartosz","family":"Skulimowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicja","family":"Sobaniec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Gotz-Wi\u0119ckowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8275-3126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Strauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"95055_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2007.11.009","volume":"84","author":"C Gilbert","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gilbert, C. 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