{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T16:46:19Z","timestamp":1793378779560,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743206400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-95486-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T00:05:51Z","timestamp":1743293151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Global burden of drowning and risk factors across 204 countries from 1990 to 2021"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhongyong","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qifeng","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenmin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"95486_CR1","unstructured":"Global status report on drowning prevention 2024. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/social-determinants-of-health\/safety-and-mobility\/global-report-on-drowning-prevention, accessed 22 December 2024"},{"key":"95486_CR2","unstructured":"Global drowning prevention. Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly, seventy-fifth session, resolution 75\/273, 29 April 2021. New York (NY): United Nations; 2021 (https:\/\/documents.un.org\/ doc\/undoc\/gen\/n21\/106\/27\/pdf\/n2110627.pdf, accessed 22 September 2024)"},{"issue":"4","key":"95486_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-070772","volume":"13","author":"H Tan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tan, H. et al. Changes in global burden of unintentional drowning from 1990 to 2019 and its association with social determinants of health: Findings from the global burden of disease study. BMJ Open 13(4), e070772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-070772 (2023).","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"95486_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2021-044486","volume":"28","author":"R Sindall","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sindall, R., Mecrow, T. & Queiroga, A. C. Drowning risk and climate change: A state-of-the-art review. Inj. Prev. 28(2), 185\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/injuryprev-2021-044486 (2022).","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"95486_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25035\/ijare.12.02.06","author":"M Cenderadewi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cenderadewi, M. & Franklin, R. C. Socio-ecological nature of drowning in low-and middle-income countries: A review to inform health promotion approaches. Int. J. Aquatic Res. Educ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25035\/ijare.12.02.06 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Aquatic Res. Educ."},{"issue":"7","key":"95486_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071689","volume":"8","author":"M Fralick","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fralick, M., Denny, C. J. & Redelmeier, D. A. Drowning and the influence of hot weather. PLoS ONE 8(7), e71689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0071689 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"95486_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.15003","volume":"28","author":"W Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu, W., He, X., San, R., Chen, N. & Han, T. Global, regional, and national drowning trends from 1990 to 2021: Results from the 2021 global burden of disease study. Acad. Emerg. Med. 28(11), 1290\u20131300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acem.15003 (2024).","journal-title":"Acad. Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"95486_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2015-041616","volume":"22","author":"JA Haagsma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haagsma, J. A., Graetz, N. & Bolliger, I. The global burden of injury: Incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and time trends from the global burden of disease study 2013. Injury. Prev. 22(1), 3\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/injuryprev-2015-041616 (2016).","journal-title":"Injury. Prev."},{"issue":"4","key":"95486_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e070772","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-070772","volume":"13","author":"H Tan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tan, H. et al. Change in global burden of unintentional drowning from 1990 to 2019 and its association with social determinants of health: findings from the global burden of disease study. BMJ Open 13(4), e070772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-070772 (2023).","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"95486_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15734110316443","DOI":"10.2174\/0115734110316443240725051037","volume":"20","author":"AV Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh, A. V. et al. Investigating tattoo pigments composition with UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy supported by chemometric modelling. Curr. Anal. Chem. 20, e15734110316443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0115734110316443240725051037 (2024).","journal-title":"Curr. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"95486_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad85bb","author":"AV Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh, A. V. et al. Sustainable bioinspired materials for regenerative medicine: balancing toxicology, environmental impact, and ethical considerations. Biomed. Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad85bb (2024).","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"95486_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.137071","author":"V Chandrasekar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chandrasekar, V., Mohammad, S., Aboumarzouk, O., Singh, A. V. & Dakua, S. P. Quantitative prediction of toxicological points of departure using two-stage machine learning models: A new approach methodology (NAM) for chemical risk assessment. J. Hazard Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.137071 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"95486_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2019-043484","author":"RC Franklin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Franklin, R. C. et al. The burden of unintentional drowning: global, regional, and national estimates of mortality from the global burden of disease 2017 Study. Inj. Prev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/injuryprev-2019-043484 (2020).","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"5","key":"95486_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0231861","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231861","volume":"15","author":"AE Peden","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peden, A. E., Franklin, R. C. & Leggat, P. A. Fatal intentional drowning in Australia: A systematic literature review of rates and risk factors. PLoS ONE 15(5), e0231861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0231861 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"18","key":"95486_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9738","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189738","volume":"18","author":"J Jagnoor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jagnoor, J., Gupta, M., Christou, A. & Ivers, R. Challenges in documenting non-fatal drowning disability in Bangladesh: A community-based survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 18(18), 9738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18189738 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health."},{"key":"95486_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/aim.2017.10","author":"M Moradi-Lakeh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moradi-Lakeh, M. et al. Trend of socio-demographic index and mortality estimates in Iran and its neighbors, 1990-2015; findings of the global burden of diseases 2015 study. Arch. Iran. Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/aim.2017.10 (2017).","journal-title":"Arch. Iran. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"95486_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e070772","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-070772","volume":"13","author":"Z Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin, Z. et al. Changes in global burden of unintentional drowning from 1990 to 2019 and its association with social determinants of health: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2019. BMJ Open 13(4), e070772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-070772 (2023).","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"95486_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-66563-9","author":"MT Davies","year":"2024","unstructured":"Davies, M. T. & Duckett, M. E. A student\u2019s introduction to global health. Springer International Publishing https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-66563-9 (2024).","journal-title":"Springer International Publishing"},{"issue":"5","key":"95486_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0231861","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231861","volume":"15","author":"M Cenderadewi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cenderadewi, M., Franklin, R. C., Peden, A. E. & Devine, S. Fatal intentional drowning in Australia: A systematic review. PLoS ONE 15(5), e0231861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0231861 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"95486_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.15003","volume":"30","author":"W Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu, W. et al. Global, regional, and national drowning trends from 1990 to 2021: Results from the 2021 global burden of disease study. Academic Emerg. Med. 30(1), 37\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acem.15003 (2023).","journal-title":"Academic Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"95486_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e449","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30125-2","volume":"4","author":"D Leilei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leilei, D., Pengpeng, Y., Haagsma, J. A. & Ye, J. Injury mortality and DALY estimates in China, 1990\u20132017. Lancet Public Health. 4(9), e449\u2013e459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30125-2 (2019).","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health."},{"issue":"4","key":"95486_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e560","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000001131","volume":"12","author":"C Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, C. et al. Global burden of all cause-specific injuries among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019: A prospective cohort study. Int. J. Surg. 12(4), e560-569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JS9.0000000000001131 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"95486_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2021-044486","volume":"28","author":"R Sindall","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sindall, R. et al. Drowning risk and climate change: A state-of-the-art review. Inj. Prev. 28(2), 185\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/injuryprev-2021-044486 (2022).","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"95486_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip-2024-045274","author":"M Cenderadewi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cenderadewi, M., Devine, S. G. & Peden, A. E. Burden of unintentional drowning in Indonesia: Insights from the global burden of disease study 2019. Inj. Prev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ip-2024-045274 (2024).","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"95486_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1136\/ip-2023-044938","volume":"30","author":"AE Peden","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peden, A. E., Mason, H. M., King, J. C. & Franklin, R. C. Examining the relationship between heatwaves and fatal drowning: a case study from Queensland Australia. Inj. Prev. 30(1), 7\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ip-2023-044938 (2024).","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"95486_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip-2023-045089","author":"M Tian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tian, M. et al. Burden of unintentional drowning in China from 1990 to 2019: Findings from the global burden of disease 2019 study. Inj. Prev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ip-2023-045089 (2024).","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"95486_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jagnoor J, Peden AE. Injuries as a global health risk factor: Causes, burden, and prevention. In handbook of global health. Springer https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-45009-0_41 2021","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-45009-0_41"},{"issue":"1","key":"95486_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3390\/children8010029","volume":"8","author":"JP Guevarra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guevarra, J. P., Peden, A. E., Orbillo, L. L. & Uy, M. R. S. Z. Preventing child drowning in the Philippines: The need to address the determinants of health. Children 8(1), 29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children8010029 (2021).","journal-title":"Children"},{"issue":"18","key":"95486_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9738","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189738","volume":"18","author":"M Gupta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gupta, M., Christou, A. & Ivers, R. Q. Challenges in documenting non-fatal drowning disability in Bangladesh: A community-based survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 18(18), 9738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18189738 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health."},{"issue":"3","key":"95486_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2019-043432","volume":"26","author":"SM Willcox-Pidgeon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Willcox-Pidgeon, S. M., Franklin, R. C., Leggat, P. A. & Devine, S. Identifying a gap in drowning prevention: high-risk populations. Inj. Prev. 26(3), 279\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/injuryprev-2019-043432 (2020).","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"key":"95486_CR31","unstructured":"Hidden depths: the global investment case for drowning prevention. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023 (https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/ handle\/10665\/371701\/9789240077720-eng. pdf?sequence=1, accessed 30\u00a0September 2024)."},{"key":"95486_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li C, Jiao J, Hua G, et al. A systematic analysis of DALYs for injury burden: Insights into drowning trends from the Global Burden of Disease study. Injury Epidemiology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40621-024-00467-3.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-024-00467-3"},{"issue":"6","key":"95486_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0304138","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0304138","volume":"19","author":"AE Peden","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peden, A. E. et al. Drowning prevention challenges and opportunities: an exploratory study of perspectives of delegates from ASEAN nations. PLoS ONE 19(6), e0304138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0304138 (2024).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-95486-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-95486-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-95486-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T00:05:53Z","timestamp":1743293153000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-95486-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["95486"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-95486-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}},{"value":"The data in this study were anonymized before its use. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"10916"}}