{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T18:14:27Z","timestamp":1780337667297,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Composite Materials Technology Foundation","award":["20ZR1419600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ZR1419600"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Composite Materials Technology Foundation","award":["20ZR1419600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ZR1419600"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Composite Materials Technology Foundation","award":["20ZR1419600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ZR1419600"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Composite Materials Technology Foundation","award":["20ZR1419600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ZR1419600"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Shanghai Natural Science Foundation .","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["6142906200110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6142906200110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Shanghai Natural Science Foundation .","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["6142906200110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6142906200110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Shanghai Natural Science Foundation .","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["6142906200110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6142906200110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-95705-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T15:48:36Z","timestamp":1745077716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Assembly of a conductive antimony tin oxide (ATO) polyethersulfone (PES) nano composite thermal insulation film"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Baoyan","family":"Xing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honfang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingrong","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aijun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guibin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"95705_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coco.2017.11.004","volume":"8","author":"L Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Deng, H. & Fu, Q. Recent progress on thermal conductive and electrical insulating polymer composites. Comp. Commun. 8, 74\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coco.2017.11.004 (2018).","journal-title":"Comp. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"95705_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12040742","volume":"12","author":"D Coetzee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Coetzee, D., Venkataraman, M., Militky, J. & Petru, M. Influence of nanoparticles on thermal and electrical conductivity of composites. Polymer 12 (4), 742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym12040742 (2020).","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"95705_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2017.07.067","volume":"131","author":"AMW Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"A. M. W., Lee, Y. S., Yoo Dong, J. Y. & Kim, J. S. Alumina-graphene hybrid filled epoxy composite: quantitative validation and enhanced thermal conductivity. Compos. Part. B: Eng. 131, 184\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compositesb.2017.07.067 (2017).","journal-title":"Compos. Part. B: Eng."},{"key":"95705_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mssp.2013.11.012","volume":"19","author":"K Foroutani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Foroutani, K. et al. In situ deposition of polythiophene nanoparticles on flexible transparent films: Effect of the process conditions. Mater. Sci. Semiconduct. Process. 19, 57\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mssp.2013.11.012 (2014).","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Semiconduct. Process."},{"key":"95705_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mssp.2013.10.015","volume":"18","author":"K Foroutani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Foroutani, K. et al. Preparation of conductive flexible films by in situ deposition of polythiophene nanoparticles on polyethylene naphthalate. Mater. Sci. Semiconduct. Process. 18, 6\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mssp.2013.10.015 (2014).","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Semiconduct. Process."},{"key":"95705_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1134\/S156009041703006X","volume":"59","author":"M Fallahian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fallahian, M. et al. Preparation of conductive, flexible and transparent films by in situ deposition of polypyrrole nanoparticles on polyethylene terephthalate. Polym. Sci. Ser. B. 59, 308\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/S156009041703006X (2017).","journal-title":"Polym. Sci. Ser. B"},{"key":"95705_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4537","DOI":"10.1007\/s00289-019-02981-y","volume":"77","author":"E Bazireh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bazireh, E. & Sharif, M. Polythiophene-coated multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy nanocomposites for enhanced mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. Polym. Bull. 77, 4537\u20134553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00289-019-02981-y (2020).","journal-title":"Polym. Bull."},{"issue":"6","key":"95705_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.2494\/photopolymer.29.787","volume":"29","author":"M Sharif","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sharif, M. & Pourabas, B. Enhancement of electrical and mechanical properties of SU-8 photocrosslinked coatings containing Polypyrrole-graphene oxide nanoparticles. J. Photopoly Sci. Tech. 29 (6), 787\u2013791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2494\/photopolymer.29.787 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Photopoly Sci. Tech."},{"issue":"13","key":"95705_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1080\/25740881.2021.1905842","volume":"60","author":"M Sharif","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharif, M., Heidari, A. & Aghaeinejad Meybodi, A. Polythiophene\/Zinc oxide\/graphene oxide ternary photocatalyst: synthesis, characterization and application. Polymer-Plastics Technol. Mater. 60 (13), 1450\u20131460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/25740881.2021.1905842 (2021).","journal-title":"Polymer-Plastics Technol. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"95705_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/17512549.2011.582350","volume":"5","author":"\u00c5L Hauge","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hauge, \u00c5. L., Thomsen, J. & Berker, T. User evaluations of energy efficient buildings: literature review and further research. Adv. Build. Energ. Res. 5 (1), 109\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17512549.2011.582350 (2011).","journal-title":"Adv. Build. Energ. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"95705_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1080\/09613218.2010.505371","volume":"38","author":"ZM Gill","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gill, Z. M., Tierney, M. J., Pegg, I. M. & Allan, N. Low-energy dwellings: the contributions of behaviours to actual performance. Build. Res. Inf. 38 (5), 491\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09613218.2010.505371 (2010).","journal-title":"Build. Res. Inf."},{"key":"95705_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2022.124842","volume":"326","author":"J Min","year":"2022","unstructured":"Min, J. et al. The effect of carbon dioxide emissions on the Building energy efficiency. Fuel 326, 124842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fuel.2022.124842 (2022).","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"95705_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2013.02.012","volume":"437","author":"N Akar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Akar, N., Asar, B., Dizge, N. & Koyuncu, I. Investigation of characterization and biofouling properties of PES film containing selenium and copper nanoparticles. J. Mem. Sci. 437, 216\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.memsci.2013.02.012 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Mem. Sci."},{"key":"95705_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3295","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2012.749055","volume":"51","author":"M Homayoonfal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Homayoonfal, M., Mehrnia, M. R., Mojtahedi, Y. M. & Ismail, A. F. Effect of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles impregnation route on structure and liquid filtration performance of polymeric nanocomposite films: a comprehensive review. Desalination Water Treat. 51, 3295\u20133316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19443994.2012.749055 (2013).","journal-title":"Desalination Water Treat."},{"key":"95705_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.5539\/mas.v4n2p71","volume":"4","author":"X Sun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sun, X. Effects of the based film on the hydrophobicity of superhydrophobic PES film and its structural properties. Mod. Appl. Sci. 4, 71\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5539\/mas.v4n2p71 (2010).","journal-title":"Mod. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"95705_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.09.052","volume":"470\u2013471","author":"S Zhou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhou, S. et al. Influence of hydrophobic\/hydrophilic fractions of extracellular organic matters of microcystis aeruginosa on ultrafiltration film fouling. Sci. Total Environ. 470\u2013471, 201\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.09.052 (2014).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"12","key":"95705_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125381","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1591\/ab61b4","volume":"6","author":"M Shokri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shokri, M. & Aghdam, R. M. Surface modification of Poly (L-lactic acid) films to improve electrical conductivity by surface entrapment\/in situ Polymerization methods. Mater. Res. Express. 6 (12), 125381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/2053-1591\/ab61b4 (2019).","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Express"},{"issue":"1","key":"95705_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1080\/21663831.2021.2013330","volume":"10","author":"AF Wibowo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wibowo, A. F. et al. Multiple functionalities of highly conductive and flexible photo- and thermal-responsive colorimetric cellulose films. Mater. Res. Lett. 10 (1), 36\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21663831.2021.2013330 (2022).","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Lett."},{"key":"95705_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3402","DOI":"10.1002\/app.34400","volume":"123","author":"E Tur","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tur, E., Onal-Ulusoy, B., Akdogan, E. & Mutlu, M. Surface modification of polyethersulfone film to improve its hydrophobic characteristics for waste frying oil filtration: radio frequency plasma treatment. J. Appl. Poly Sci. 123, 3402\u20133411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/app.34400 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poly Sci."},{"key":"95705_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2015.11.015","volume":"500","author":"B Khorshidi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khorshidi, B., Hajinasiri, J., Ma, G., Bhattacharjee, S. & Sadrzadeh, M. Thermally resistant and electrically conductive PES\/ITO nanocomposite membrane. J. Mem. Sci. 500, 151\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.memsci.2015.11.015 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Mem. Sci."},{"key":"95705_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2020.100140","volume":"1","author":"F Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu, F. et al. Transparent and flexible thermal insulation window material. Cell. Rep. Phys. Sci. 1, 100140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xcrp.2020.100140 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell. Rep. Phys. Sci."},{"key":"95705_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2012.05.007","volume":"415\u2013416","author":"P Daraei","year":"2012","unstructured":"[22] Daraei, P. et al. Novel polyethersulfone nanocomposite film prepared by PANI\/Fe3O4 nanoparticles with enhanced performance for Cu(II) removal from water. J. Mem. Sci. 415\u2013416, 250\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.memsci.2012.05.007 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Mem. Sci."},{"key":"95705_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1002\/app.32939","volume":"119","author":"J Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim, J., Ohn, Y., Ihn, K. J. & Lee, C. Fabrication of inorganic\/polymer nanocomposite films containing very high silica content via in situ surface grafting reaction and reactive dispersion of silica nanoparticles: proton conduction, water uptake, and oxidative stability. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 119, 2002\u20132009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/app.32939 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"95705_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1002\/nano.202300038","volume":"4","author":"B Mekuye","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mekuye, B. & Abera, B. Nanomaterials: an overview of synthesis, classification, characterization, and applications. Nano Select. 4, 486\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nano.202300038 (2023).","journal-title":"Nano Select"},{"key":"95705_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2009.05.040","volume":"341","author":"N Maximous","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maximous, N., Nakhla, G., Wan, W. & Wong, K. Preparation, characterization and performance of Al2O3\/PES film for wastewater filtration. J. Mem. Sci. 341, 67\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.memsci.2009.05.040 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Mem. Sci."},{"key":"95705_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2012.08.020","volume":"423\u2013424","author":"J Yin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yin, J., Kim, E. S., Yang, J. & Deng, B. Fabrication of a novel thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) film containing MCM-41 silica nanoparticles (NPs) for water purification. J. Mem. Sci. 423\u2013424, 238\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.memsci.2012.08.020 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Mem. Sci."},{"key":"95705_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1021\/am2014234","volume":"4","author":"J Lu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lu, J. et al. Supercritical hydrothermal synthesis and in situ organic modification of indium Tin oxide nanoparticles using continuous-flow reaction system. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 4, 351\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/am2014234 (2012).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"95705_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeurceramsoc.2004.08.022","volume":"25","author":"J Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee, J. & Choi, S. Solvent effect on synthesis of indium Tin oxide nano-powders by a solvothermal process. J. Euro. Ceram. Soc. 25, 3307\u20133314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jeurceramsoc.2004.08.022 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Euro. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"95705_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00275614","volume":"14","author":"T Kayukawa","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kayukawa, T., Shigetani, H. & Senna, M. Preparation of high-density ITO ceramics by an in situ precipitation method. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 14, 252\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00275614 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"95705_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2005.01.070","volume":"59","author":"HJ Jeon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jeon, H. J. et al. Synthesis and characterization of antimony-doped Tin oxide (ATO) with nanometer-sized particles and their conductivities. Mater. Lett. 59, 1801\u20131810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matlet.2005.01.070 (2005).","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"95705_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2005.08.046","volume":"97","author":"DW Kim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim, D. W., Kim, D. S., Kim, Y. G., Kim, Y. C. & Oh, S. G. Preparation of hard agglomerates free and weakly agglomerated antimony doped Tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles by coprecipitation reaction in methanol reaction medium. Mater. Chem. Phys. 97, 452\u2013457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2005.08.046 (2006).","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"95705_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1021\/cm504409k","volume":"27","author":"K Peters","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peters, K. et al. Fattakhova-Rohlfing, D. Water-dispersible small mono-disperse electrically conducting antimony doped Tin oxide nanoparticles. Chem. Mater. 27, 1090\u20131099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cm504409k (2015).","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"95705_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4901","DOI":"10.1021\/cm4030149","volume":"25","author":"L Luo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Luo, L., Bozyigit, D., Wood, V. & Niederberger, M. High-quality transparent electrodes spin-cast from preformed antimony-doped Tin oxide nanocrystals for thin film optoelectronics. Chem. Mater. 25, 4901\u20134907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cm4030149 (2013).","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"95705_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5229","DOI":"10.1021\/cm902189r","volume":"21","author":"V M\u00fcller","year":"2009","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, V. et al. Highly conducting nanosized monodispersed antimony-doped Tin oxide particles synthesized via nonaqueous Sol\u2009\u2013\u2009Gel procedure. Chem. Mater. 21, 5229\u20135236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cm902189r (2009).","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"95705_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25168","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c05039","volume":"12","author":"Q Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, Q. & Thimsen, E. Highly conductive Sb\u2009\u2013\u2009SnO2 nanocrystals synthesized by dual nonthermal plasmas. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 12, 25168\u201325177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.0c05039 (2020).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"95705_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5866(03)00065-0","volume":"32","author":"MA Maluleke","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maluleke, M. A. & Linkov, V. M. Partial electrochemical oxidation of phenol on ceramic-based flat-sheet type electromembrane reactors. Sep. Puri Technol. 32, 377\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1383-5866(03)00065-0 (2003).","journal-title":"Sep. Puri Technol."},{"key":"95705_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-6090(02)00186-4","volume":"411","author":"Y Ishihara","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ishihara, Y. et al. Applications of the particle ordering technique for conductive anti-reflection films. Thin Solid Films. 411, 50\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0040-6090(02)00186-4 (2002).","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"95705_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-6090(81)90365-5","volume":"77","author":"G Frank","year":"1981","unstructured":"Frank, G., Kauer, E. & K\u00f6stlin, H. Transparent heat-reflecting coatings based on highly doped semiconductors. Thin Solid Films. 77, 107\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0040-6090(81)90365-5 (1981).","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"95705_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2014.01.019","volume":"338","author":"N Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li, N., Liu, L. F. & Yang, F. L. Highly conductive graphene\/PANi-phytic acid modified cathodic filter film and its antifouling property in EMBR in neutral conditions. Desalination 338, 10\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.desal.2014.01.019 (2014).","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"95705_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2008.05.221","volume":"254","author":"G Wu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wu, G., Gan, S., Cui, L. & Xu, Y. Preparation and characterization of PES\/TiO2 composite films. Appl. Surf. Sci. 254, 7080\u20137086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsusc.2008.05.221 (2008).","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"95705_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2008.07.139","volume":"255","author":"JF Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li, J. F., Xu, Z. L., Yang, H., Yu, L. Y. & Liu, M. Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the surface morphology and performance of microporous PES film. Appl. Surf. Sci. 255, 4725\u20134732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsusc.2008.07.139 (2009).","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"95705_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4088","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c05454","volume":"36","author":"S Ge","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ge, S., Zhao, J. & Ma, G. Monochromatic photolysis to generate silver quantum clusters in polymer matrices with efficiently Antibio property. Langmuir 36, 4088\u20134097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.3c05454 (2020).","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"95705_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42678","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c05454","volume":"8","author":"S Ge","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ge, S., Han, Y., Sun, M., Zhao, J. & Ma, G. Functionalization of Polymer-Wrapped silver nanoclusters and potential applications as antimicrobial mask materials. ACS Omega. 8, 42678\u201342688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.3c05454 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"95705_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-012-1100-5","volume":"14","author":"M Bloemen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bloemen, M. et al. Improved functionalization of oleic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. J. Nanopart. Res. 14, 1100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11051-012-1100-5 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"95705_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2010.04.009","volume":"30","author":"AT Le","year":"2010","unstructured":"Le, A. T. et al. Synthesis of oleic acid-stabilized silver nanoparticles and analysis of their antibacterial activity. Mater. Sci. Engine C. 30, 910\u2013916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msec.2010.04.009 (2010).","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Engine C"},{"key":"95705_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2018.04.018","volume":"34","author":"J Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang, J., Liang, G., Lu, G. & Zhang, J. Conservation of acidic papers using a dispersion of oleic acid-modified MgO nanoparticles in a non-polar solvent. J. Cult. Herit. 34, 61\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.culher.2018.04.018 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"95705_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2015.02.060","volume":"634","author":"Y Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li, Y., Wang, J., Feng, B., Duan, K. & Weng, J. Synthesis and characterization of antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles with high conductivity using a facile ammonia-diffusion co-precipitation method. J. Alloys Compounds 634, 37\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jallcom.2015.02.060 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compounds"},{"key":"95705_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2018.12.058","volume":"163","author":"B Khorshidia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khorshidia, B., Hosseini, S. A., Ma, G., McGregor, M. & Sadrzadeh, M. Novel nanocomposite polyethersulfone antimony Tin oxide membrane with enhanced thermal, electrical and antifouling properties. Polymer 163, 48\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.polymer.2018.12.058 (2019).","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"95705_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2298\/CICEQ111202014A","volume":"18","author":"R Abedini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abedini, R., Mousavi, M. & Aminzadeh, R. Effect of sonochemical synthesized TiO2 NPs and coagulation bath temperature on morphology, thermal stability and pure water flux of asymmetric cellulose acetate membranes prepared via phase inversion method. Chem. Ind. Chem. Eng. Q. 18, 385\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2298\/CICEQ111202014A (2012).","journal-title":"Chem. Ind. Chem. Eng. Q."},{"key":"95705_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2013.01.178","volume":"246","author":"Y Treekamol","year":"2014","unstructured":"Treekamol, Y. et al. Nafions\/ODF-silica composite membranes for medium temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J. Power Sources. 246, 950\u2013959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2013.01.178 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"95705_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2013.10.042","volume":"121","author":"H Nagasawa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nagasawa, H., Minamizawa, T., Kanezashi, M., Yoshioka, T. & Tsuru, T. High temperature stability of PECVD-derived Organosilica membranes deposited on TiO2 and SiO2\u2013ZrO2 intermediate layers using HMDSO\/Ar plasma. Sep. Purif. Technol. 121, 13\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seppur.2013.10.042 (2014).","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-95705-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-95705-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-95705-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T15:48:37Z","timestamp":1745077717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-95705-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["95705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-95705-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"13609"}}