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In the current investigation, a series of Zr(MoO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> nanoaggregates, as a novel solid acid catalyst, were hydrothermally fabricated at different temperatures in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) as a surfactant. The original and calcined catalysts were characterized by TGA, DSC, XRD, FT-IR, XPS, HR-TEM, acidity and nitrogen sorption. Analyses revealed that the addition of TEA to the preparation procedures significantly enhanced the textural, acidic, and the catalytic performance of these catalysts. Acidity measurements reflected that the surface of these catalysts possessed Br\u00f8nsted type of acidic sites of weak and intermediate strength. Catalytic activity results demonstrated that, Zr(MoO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> catalyst with Zr: TEA molar ratio of 1:1 (Z<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) annealed at 400\u00b0C exhibited the maximum methanol conversion of 99% and 95% selectivity to formaldehyde at reaction temperature of 325\u00b0C. The remarkable catalytic performance was well correlated to the variation in acidity of the catalyst. This catalyst offered a long-term stability towards the production of formaldehyde for a period of time of 160\u00a0h with the same activity and selectivity. Also, this catalyst could be re-used for five time giving almost the same performance. The reason for this extreme catalytic activity and selectivity towards formaldehyde synthesis is the presence of weak and moderate strengthened Br\u00f8nsted acid sites. In light of this, this work has produced an active, stable, and selective catalyst for the conversion of methanol to formaldehyde that is competitive with the most effective conventional and recently discovered catalysts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-96328-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T11:12:27Z","timestamp":1746184347000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Potential application of zirconium molybdate as a novel catalyst for the selective dehydrogenation of methanol to anhydrous formaldehyde"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Abd El-Aziz Ahmed","family":"Said","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed M. 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