{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T01:32:20Z","timestamp":1789695140283,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["215742\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215742\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["215742\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215742\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["215742\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215742\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["215742\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215742\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["215742\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215742\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["215742\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215742\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["215742\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215742\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["215742\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215742\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Clinical risk scores, such as Thompson score, are useful alternatives to identify neonatal encephalopathy in low-resource settings where adequate training and equipment are often unavailable. An understanding of the clinical predictors of abnormally high Thompson score values would be beneficial to identify term neonates with suspected neonatal encephalopathy. A scoping review was conducted to identify a set of a priori neonatal and maternal variables associated with neonatal encephalopathy. Next, a prospective study of all term neonates admitted to Sally Mugabe Central Hospital in Zimbabwe between October 2020 and December 2022 was conducted to develop a predictive statistical model of abnormal (&gt; 10) Thompson score. In total 45 articles were identified from searching Medline, Scopus and Web of Science and 10 articles were selected. Five studies were conducted in countries in Asia and five in Africa. Of 6,054 neonates who met the inclusion criteria, 4.06% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 246) had an abnormal Thompson score at admission with a case fatality rate of 589 per 1000 admissions. Among these neonates, 90.65% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 223) had a low Apgar score (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt; 0.001). 40 candidate predictors were identified, of which 20 predictors were selected as the most important. Six risk factors were predictive of neonates at risk of abnormal Thompson score, including low neonatal heart rate (aOR =\u20090.97), temperature lower than 36.5 \u00b0C (aOR =\u20092.24), head swelling (aOR =\u20092.19), other maternal risk factors of sepsis excluding offensive liquor and premature rupture of membranes (aOR =\u20091.97), meconium-stained umbilicus (aOR =\u20091.79), and not crying at birth (aOR =\u20092.58). These identified risk factors should be prioritised before conducting a Thompson score assessment in resource-poor settings, and local clinical guidelines should incorporate these into the clinical management of at-risk neonates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-96566-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T04:26:01Z","timestamp":1744259161000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A scoping review and modelling of predictors of an abnormal Thompson score in term neonates in low-resource settings"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Khan","family":"Nushrat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mugwagwa","family":"Edna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cortina-Borja","family":"Mario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherall","family":"Ellie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fitzgerald","family":"Felicity","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chimhuya","family":"Simbarashe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chimhini","family":"Gwendoline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gannon","family":"Hannah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crehan","family":"Caroline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mangiza","family":"Marcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heys","family":"Michelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"96566_CR1","unstructured":". Standards for improving the quality of care for small and sick newborns in health facilities [Internet]. [cited 2023 Nov 30]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail-redirect\/9789240010765 (2023)."},{"key":"96566_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liang L, Kotadia N, English L, Kissoon N, Ansermino JM, Kabakyenga J, et al. Predictors of mortality in neonates and infants hospitalized with sepsis or serious infections in developing countries: A Systematic Review. Front. Pediatr. [Internet]. [cited 2023 Nov 30];6. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2018.00277 (2018).","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00277"},{"issue":"1","key":"96566_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12765-1","volume":"22","author":"Z Ou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ou, Z. et al. Global trends in incidence and death of neonatal disorders and its specific causes in 204 countries\/territories during 1990\u20132019. BMC Public Health 22(1), 360 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"96566_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2018.12.001","volume":"1","author":"CJ Tann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tann, C. J. et al. Early childhood outcomes after neonatal encephalopathy in uganda: A cohort study. eClinicalMedicine 1(6), 26\u201335 (2018).","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"96566_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volpe, J. J. Neonatal encephalopathy: an inadequate term for hypoxic\u2013ischemic encephalopathy. Annals of neurology 72(2), 156-166 (2012).","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23647"},{"issue":"142","key":"96566_CR6","first-page":"2019","volume":"7","author":"S Aslam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aslam, S., Strickland, T. & Molloy, E. J. Neonatal encephalopathy: need for recognition of multiple etiologies for optimal management. Front Pediatr. 7(142), 2019 (2019).","journal-title":"Front Pediatr."},{"issue":"6","key":"96566_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2010.05.010","volume":"86","author":"JJ Kurinczuk","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kurinczuk, J. J., White-Koning, M. & Badawi, N. Epidemiology of neonatal encephalopathy and hypoxic\u2013ischaemic encephalopathy. Early Human Dev. 86(6), 329\u2013338 (2010).","journal-title":"Early Human Dev."},{"issue":"3","key":"96566_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-9293","volume":"17","author":"RC Vannucci","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vannucci, R. C. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Am. J. Perinatol. 17(3), 113\u2013120 (2000).","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"96566_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2016.05.001","volume":"43","author":"S Ariff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ariff, S., Lee, A. C., Lawn, J. & Bhutta, Z. A. Global burden, epidemiologic trends, and prevention of intrapartum-related deaths in low-resource settings. Clin. Perinatol. 43(3), 593\u2013608 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin. Perinatol."},{"issue":"10","key":"96566_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1976.00500100030012","volume":"33","author":"HB Sarnat","year":"1976","unstructured":"Sarnat, H. B. & Sarnat, M. S. Neonatal encephalopathy following fetal distress: A clinical and electroencephalographic study. Arch. Neurol. 33(10), 696\u2013705 (1976).","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"96566_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1997.tb08581.x","volume":"86","author":"C Thompson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Thompson, C. et al. The value of a scoring system for hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy in predicting neurodevelopmental outcome. Acta Paediatr. 86(7), 757\u2013761 (1997).","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"96566_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1159\/000490721","volume":"114","author":"MR Mendler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mendler, M. R. et al. Predictive value of thompson-score for long-term neurological and cognitive outcome in term newborns with perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy undergoing controlled hypothermia treatment. Neonatology 114(4), 341\u2013347 (2018).","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"49","key":"96566_CR13","first-page":"53","volume":"60","author":"P Thorsen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thorsen, P. et al. The Thompson encephalopathy score and short-term outcomes in asphyxiated newborns treated with therapeutic hypothermia. Pediatr. Neurol. 60(49), 53 (2016).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"96566_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1159\/000455819","volume":"112","author":"LC Weeke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weeke, L. C. et al. A comparison of the Thompson encephalopathy score and amplitude-integrated electroencephalography in infants with perinatal asphyxia and therapeutic hypothermia. Neonatology 112(1), 24\u201329 (2017).","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"7172","key":"96566_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7172.1549","volume":"317","author":"N Badawi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Badawi, N. et al. Antepartum risk factors for newborn encephalopathy: the Western Australian case-control study. BMJ 317(7172), 1549\u20131553 (1998).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"96566_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12470","volume":"103","author":"T Biselele","year":"2014","unstructured":"Biselele, T., Naulaers, G. & Tady, B. Evolution of the Thompson score during the first 6 h in infants with perinatal asphyxia. Acta Paediatr. 103(2), 145\u2013148 (2014).","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"96566_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heys, M., et. al,. Development and implementation experience of a learning healthcare system for facility based newborn care in low resource settings: The Neotree. Learning Health Systems 7(1), e10310 (2023).","DOI":"10.1002\/lrh2.10310"},{"issue":"1","key":"96566_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2018-000860","volume":"4","author":"C Crehan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Crehan, C. et al. The NeoTree application: Developing an integrated mHealth solution to improve quality of newborn care and survival in a district hospital in Malawi. BMJ Glob Health. 4(1), e000860 (2019).","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health."},{"issue":"1","key":"96566_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjoq-2020-001043","volume":"10","author":"H Gannon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gannon, H. et al. Electronic application to improve management of infections in low-income neonatal units: Pilot implementation of the NeoTree beta app in a public sector hospital in Zimbabwe. BMJ Open Qual. 10(1), e001043 (2021).","journal-title":"BMJ Open Qual."},{"issue":"305","key":"96566_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.18423.1","volume":"7","author":"N Khan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khan, N. et al. Software development process of Neotree-a data capture and decision support system to improve newborn healthcare in low-resource settings. Wellcome Open Res. 7(305), 305 (2022).","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"96566_CR21","first-page":"A162","volume":"105","author":"M Evans","year":"2020","unstructured":"Evans, M., Crehan, C., Corden, M. & Heys, M. G449(P) Using the modified delphi method to establish consensus on clinical algorithms for a neonatal mobile health application for low-income countries. Arch. Dis. Child. 105(Suppl 1), A162\u2013A162 (2020).","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"issue":"6","key":"96566_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-01143-5","volume":"88","author":"A Mrelashvili","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mrelashvili, A., Russ, J. B., Ferriero, D. M. & Wusthoff, C. J. The Sarnat score for neonatal encephalopathy: Looking back and moving forward. Pediatr Res. 88(6), 824\u2013825 (2020).","journal-title":"Pediatr Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"96566_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000911","volume":"2","author":"H Gannon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gannon, H. et al. Risk factors of mortality in neonates with neonatal encephalopathy in a tertiary newborn care unit in Zimbabwe over a 12-month period. PLOS Global Pub. Health. 2(12), e0000911 (2022).","journal-title":"PLOS Global Pub. Health."},{"key":"96566_CR24","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2021","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2021)."},{"issue":"11","key":"96566_CR25","first-page":"SC16","volume":"10","author":"DK Bhagwani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bhagwani, D. K., Sharma, M., Dolker, S. & Kothapalli, S. To study the correlation of thompson scoring in predicting early neonatal outcome in post asphyxiated term neonates. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 10(11), SC16\u2013SC19 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"96566_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmt011","volume":"59","author":"T Biselele","year":"2013","unstructured":"Biselele, T. et al. A descriptive study of perinatal asphyxia at the university hospital of kinshasa (democratic republic of congo). J. Trop. Pediatr. 59(4), 274\u2013279 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Trop. Pediatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"96566_CR27","first-page":"TC19","volume":"16","author":"P Sadhanidar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sadhanidar, P., Deka, N. & Agarwal, S. Evaluation of role of magnetic resonance imagine in newborns with suspected hypoxic ischaemic injury and its association with clinical staging: A cross-sectional study. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 16(1), TC19-23 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"96566_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2020-0299","volume":"49","author":"SM Doreswamy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Doreswamy, S. M. & Ramakrishnegowda, A. Prediction of encephalopathy in perinatal asphyxia score: Reaching the unreached. J. Perinat. Med. 49(6), 748\u2013754 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Perinat. Med."},{"key":"96566_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12306","author":"AR Horn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Horn, A. R. et al. Early clinical predictors of a severely abnormal amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram at 48 hours in cooled neonates. Acta. Paediatr. Int. J. Paediatr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.12306 (2013).","journal-title":"Acta. Paediatr. Int. J. Paediatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"96566_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmn061","volume":"55","author":"SD Mwakyusa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mwakyusa, S. D., Manji, K. P. & Massawe, A. W. The hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy score in predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants with birth asphyxia at the Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar-es-Salaam. Tanzan. J. Trop. Pediatr. 55(1), 8\u201314 (2009).","journal-title":"Tanzan. J. Trop. Pediatr."},{"issue":"3","key":"96566_CR31","first-page":"322","volume":"89","author":"S Futrakul","year":"2006","unstructured":"Futrakul, S., Praisuwanna, P. & Thaitumyanon, P. Risk factors for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in asphyxiated newborn infants. J. Med. Assoc. Thai. 89(3), 322\u2013328 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Med. Assoc. Thai."},{"issue":"1","key":"96566_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4102\/safp.v62i1.5112","volume":"62","author":"JPJ Stofberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stofberg, J. P. J., Spittal, G. W., Hinkel, T. & Ras, T. A descriptive study of suspected perinatal asphyxia at mitchells plain district hospital: A case series. S. Afr. Fam. Pract. 62(1), 1\u201310 (2020).","journal-title":"S. Afr. Fam. Pract."},{"issue":"158","key":"96566_CR33","first-page":"44","volume":"44","author":"R Singh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Singh, R., Das, B. K. & Shah, G. S. Outcome of newborns with birth asphyxia. J. Nepal Med. Assoc. 44(158), 44\u201346 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Nepal Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"4","key":"96566_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.05.040","volume":"149","author":"CPF O\u2019Donnell","year":"2006","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell, C. P. F., Kamlin, C. O. F., Davis, P. G., Carlin, J. B. & Morley, C. J. Interobserver variability of the 5-minute Apgar score. J. Pediatr. 149(4), 486\u2013489 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"96566_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250633","volume":"16","author":"BN Ezenwa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ezenwa, B. N. et al. Trends and predictors of in-hospital mortality among babies with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS ONE 16(4), e0250633 (2021).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"96566_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.06.025","volume":"209","author":"A Gr\u00fcnebaum","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcnebaum, A. et al. Apgar score of 0 at 5 minutes and neonatal seizures or serious neurologic dysfunction in relation to birth setting. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 209(4), 323-e1 (2013).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-96566-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-96566-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-96566-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T04:26:09Z","timestamp":1744259169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-96566-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["96566"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-96566-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"12217"}}