{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T21:59:40Z","timestamp":1793483980423,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97034-y","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000}}],"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97034-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T12:33:56Z","timestamp":1744288436000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["RETRACTED ARTICLE: Enhancing neurological disease diagnostics: fusion of deep transfer learning with optimization algorithm for acute brain stroke prediction using facial images"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fadwa","family":"Alrowais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jahangir","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achraf Ben","family":"Miled","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da\u2019ad","family":"Albalawneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulwhab","family":"Alkharashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samah","family":"Al Zanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radwa","family":"Marzouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"97034_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105162","volume":"29","author":"MS Sirsat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sirsat, M. S., Ferm\u00e9, E. & Camara, J. Machine\n                    learning for brain stroke: A review. J. Stroke\n                        Cerebrovasc. Dis.\n                    29(10), 105162 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"97034_CR2","first-page":"24","volume":"11","author":"BT AL-Nuaimi","year":"2024","unstructured":"AL-Nuaimi, B. T., Suhail, R. A. & El-kenawy, E. S. M.\n                    Adaptive feature selection based on machine learning algorithms for lung tumors\n                    diagnosis and the COVID-19 index. J. Intell. Syst.\n                        Internet Things\n                    11(2), 24 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Intell. Syst. Internet Things"},{"issue":"24","key":"97034_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9859","DOI":"10.3390\/s22249859","volume":"22","author":"MS Islam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Islam, M. S., Hussain, I., Rahman, M. M., Park, S. J. &\n                    Hossain, M. A. Explainable artificial intelligence model for stroke prediction\n                    using EEG signal. Sensors\n                    22(24), 9859 (2022).","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"97034_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2019.103516","volume":"115","author":"A Hilbert","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hilbert, A. et al. Data-efficient deep learning of radiological\n                    image data for outcome prediction after endovascular treatment of patients with\n                    acute ischemic stroke. Comput. Biol. Med.\n                    115, 103516 (2019).","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"13","key":"97034_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4269","DOI":"10.3390\/s21134269","volume":"21","author":"YA Choi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choi, Y. A. et al. Deep learning-based stroke disease prediction\n                    system using real-time bio signals. Sensors\n                    21(13), 4269 (2021).","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"97034_CR6","first-page":"7725597","volume":"2022","author":"M Kaur","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaur, M., Sakhare, S. R., Wanjale, K. & Akter, F.\n                    [Retracted] Early stroke prediction methods for prevention of strokes. Behav. Neurol.\n                    2022(1), 7725597 (2022).","journal-title":"Behav. Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"97034_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.027479","volume":"51","author":"K Mouridsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mouridsen, K., Thurner, P. & Zaharchuk, G. Artificial\n                    intelligence applications in stroke. Stroke\n                    51(8), 2573\u20132579\n                    (2020).","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"97034_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2020.102178","volume":"63","author":"A Gautam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gautam, A. & Raman, B. Towards effective classification of\n                    brain hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke using CNN. Biomed.\n                        Signal Process. Control\n                    63, 102178 (2021).","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"97034_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2019-000242","volume":"4","author":"Y Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. The Third China National Stroke Registry (CNSR-III)\n                    for patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: Design,\n                    rationale and baseline patient characteristics. Stroke\n                        Vasc. Neurol.\n                    4(3), 24 (2019).","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"97034_CR10","first-page":"57","volume":"1","author":"P Kavitha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kavitha, P., Shini, R. S. & Priya, R. An implementation of\n                    statistical feature algorithms for the detection of brain tumor. Full Length Article\n                    1(2), 57\u201362 (2022).","journal-title":"Full Length Article"},{"key":"97034_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/0954898X.2025.2452280","volume":"8","author":"AB Sreekumari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sreekumari, A. B. & Yesudasan Paulsy, A. T. Hybrid deep\n                    learning based stroke detection using CT images with routing in an IoT\n                    environment. Netw. Comput. Neural Syst.\n                    8, 1\u201340 (2025).","journal-title":"Netw. Comput. Neural Syst."},{"key":"97034_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64886","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3287389","volume":"11","author":"P Phienphanich","year":"2023","unstructured":"Phienphanich, P. et al. Generalizing a small facial image dataset\n                    using facial generative adversarial networks for Stroke\u2019s facial weakness\n                    screening. IEEE Access\n                    11, 64886\u201364896\n                    (2023).","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"97034_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raj, R., Pruthviraja, D., Gupta, A., Mathew, J., Kannath, S. K.,\n                    Prakash, A. & Rajan, J. Multilevel multi-modal framework for automatic\n                    collateral scoring in brain stroke. IEEE\n                        Access (2024).","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3368504"},{"key":"97034_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chowdhury, N. A., Mahmud, T., Barua, A., Basnin, N., Barua, K.,\n                    Iqbal, A., Hossain, M. S., Andersson, K., Kaiser, M. S., Hossain, M. S. &\n                    Das, S. A novel approach to detect stroke from 2d images using deep learning. In\n                        International Conference on Big Data, IoT and\n                        Machine Learning 239\u2013253. (Springer,\n                    2023).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-8937-9_17"},{"key":"97034_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, A. R., Hsieh, S. Y., Chou, H. H., Lai, C. S., Hung, J. Y.,\n                    Wang, B. & Tsai, Y. S. Deep learning-based prediction of mortality using\n                    brain midline shift and clinical information. Heliyon (2025).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e41271"},{"key":"97034_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158555","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1158555","volume":"14","author":"W Ye","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ye, W. et al. OEDL: An optimized ensemble deep learning method for\n                    predicting acute ischemic stroke prognoses using union features. Front. Neurol.\n                    14, 1158555 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"97034_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elhanashi, A., Saponara, S. & Zheng, Q. Annotation facial\n                    images for stroke classification acute vs non acute. In 2024 Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Computing in Data\n                        Sciences (ICDS) 1\u20137. (IEEE, 2024).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDS62089.2024.10756361"},{"key":"97034_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.110959","volume":"165","author":"L Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, L. et al. Non-contrast CT radiomics and machine learning for\n                    outcomes prediction of patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving\n                    conventional treatment. Eur. J. Radiol.\n                    165, 110959 (2023).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"97034_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4036","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-87615-2","volume":"15","author":"AA Mohamed","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mohamed, A. A., Al-Saleh, A., Sharma, S. K. & Tejani, G. G.\n                    Zero-day exploits detection with adaptive WavePCA-autoencoder (AWPA) adaptive\n                    hybrid exploit detection network (AHEDNet). Sci.\n                        Rep.\n                    15(1), 4036 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"97034_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31553","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-82918-2","volume":"14","author":"GG Tejani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tejani, G. G., Mashru, N., Patel, P., Sharma, S. K. & Celik,\n                    E. Application of the 2-archive multi-objective cuckoo search algorithm for\n                    structure optimization. Sci. Rep.\n                    14(1), 31553 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"97034_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-86063-2","volume":"15","author":"E \u00c7elik","year":"2025","unstructured":"\u00c7elik, E. et al. Reconfigured single-and double-diode models\n                    for improved modelling of solar cells\/modules. Sci.\n                        Rep.\n                    15(1), 2101 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"97034_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345163","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1345163","volume":"12","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao, Y. et al. Peripheral nerve injury repair by electrical\n                    stimulation combined with graphene-based scaffolds. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.\n                    12, 1345163 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"5","key":"97034_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-025-11119-8","volume":"58","author":"T Kousar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kousar, T., Rahim, M. S. M., Iqbal, S., Yousaf, F. &\n                    Sanaullah, M. Applications of deep learning algorithms in ischemic stroke\n                    detection, segmentation, and classification. Artif.\n                        Intell. Rev.\n                    58(5), 1\u201348 (2025).","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"97034_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, H., Wang, Y., Li, Z., Chu, X., Teng, B. & Gao, H. A\n                    complete scheme for multi-character classification using EEG signals from speech\n                    imagery. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.\n                    (2024).","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2024.3376603"},{"key":"97034_CR25","unstructured":"Inamdar, M. A., Gudigar, A., Raghavendra, U., Salvi, M., Aman, R.\n                    R. A. B. R., Gowdh, N. F. M., Ahir, I. A. B. M., Kamaruddin, M. S. B., Kadir, K.\n                    A. A., Molinari, F. & Hegde, A. A Dual-stream deep learning architecture\n                    with adaptive random vector functional link for multi-center ischemic stroke\n                        classification.\u00a0IEEE Access.\n                    (2025)."},{"key":"97034_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, H., Li, Z., Fu, Y., Qin, X. & Hu, J. Reconstructing\n                    visual stimulus representation from EEG signals based on deep visual\n                    representation model. IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach.\n                        Syst. (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2024.3407875"},{"issue":"1","key":"97034_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1080\/07357907.2024.2431829","volume":"43","author":"R Prasad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Prasad, R., Kumar Saxena, A. & Laha, S. Prediction of brain\n                    cancer occurrence and risk assessment of brain hemorrhage using hybrid deep\n                    learning technique. Cancer Invest.\n                    43(1), 80\u2013102 (2025).","journal-title":"Cancer Invest."},{"issue":"7","key":"97034_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3092","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02079-y","volume":"28","author":"Y Du","year":"2023","unstructured":"Du, Y. et al. Neurometabolite levels in the brains of patients with\n                    autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance\n                    spectroscopy studies (N = 1501). Mol.\n                        Psychiatry\n                    28(7), 3092\u20133103\n                    (2023).","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"97034_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14020550","volume":"14","author":"R Onciul","year":"2025","unstructured":"Onciul, R. et al. Artificial intelligence and neuroscience:\n                    Transformative synergies in brain research and clinical applications. J. Clin. Med.\n                    14(2), 550 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"97034_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, W., Wang, X., Zheng, S., Li, S., Hao, A. & Hou, X.\n                    TalkingStyle: Personalized speech-driven 3D facial animation with style\n                    preservation. IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput.\n                        Graph. (2024).","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2024.3409568"},{"key":"97034_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205520762513202","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076251320288","volume":"11","author":"MA Talukder","year":"2025","unstructured":"Talukder, M. A. et al. ACU-Net: Attention-based convolutional U-Net\n                    model for segmenting brain tumors in fMRI images. Digit.\n                        Health\n                    11, 20552076251320290 (2025).","journal-title":"Digit. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"97034_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-11088-8","volume":"24","author":"Y Liao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liao, Y. et al. Analysis of onset-to-door time and its influencing\n                    factors in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke during the 2020 COVID-19\n                    epidemic: A preliminary, prospective, multicenter study. BMC Health Serv. Res.\n                    24(1), 615 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"97034_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17040622","volume":"17","author":"JL Dalboni da Rocha","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dalboni da Rocha, J. L. et al. Artificial intelligence for\n                    neuroimaging in pediatric cancer. Cancers\n                    17(4), 622 (2025).","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"97034_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109436","volume":"113","author":"L Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, L. et al. Pexidartinib (PLX3397) through restoring\n                    hippocampal synaptic plasticity ameliorates social isolation-induced mood\n                    disorders. Int. Immunopharmacol.\n                    113, 109436 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"97034_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tripathi, M. N. & Kumar, A. Brain tumor diagnosis using\n                    image classifier. In Artificial Intelligence in\n                        Biomedical and Modern Healthcare Informatics 513\u2013524.\n                    (Academic Press, 2025).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-21870-5.00049-2"},{"issue":"12","key":"97034_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2024.2371040","volume":"26","author":"Z Hui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hui, Z. et al. Mechanisms and therapeutic potential of chinonin in\n                    nervous system diseases. J. Asian Nat. Prod.\n                        Res.\n                    26(12), 1405\u20131420\n                    (2024).","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"97034_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almansour, M., Ho, M. L. & Palaniappan, K. Enhancing lesion\n                    segmentation in the BONBID-HIE challenge: An ensemble strategy. In AI for Brain Lesion Detection and Trauma Video Action\n                        Recognition: First BONBID-HIE Lesion Segmentation Challenge and First Trauma\n                        Thompson Challenge, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2023, Vancouver, BC,\n                        Canada, October 16 and 12, 2023, Proceedings, 14567, 14\n                    (2025).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-71626-3_2"},{"key":"97034_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, W., Wang, X., Jiang, Y., Li, S., Hao, A., Hou, X. &\n                    Qin, H. Expressive 3d facial animation generation based on local-to-global\n                    latent diffusion. IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput.\n                        Graph. (2024).","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2024.3456213"},{"key":"97034_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2024.3516216","volume":"33","author":"J Du","year":"2025","unstructured":"Du, J., Wang, S., Chen, R. & Wang, S. Improving fMRI-based\n                    autism severity identification via brain network distance and adaptive label\n                    distribution learning. IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil.\n                        Eng.\n                    33, 162\u2013174 (2025).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"issue":"24","key":"97034_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ad0a5a","volume":"68","author":"S Luan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luan, S. et al. Deep learning for fast super-resolution ultrasound\n                    microvessel imaging. Phys. Med. Biol.\n                    68(24), 245023 (2023).","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"97034_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2024.128889","volume":"614","author":"H Song","year":"2025","unstructured":"Song, H. et al. Domain generalization through latent distribution\n                    exploration for motor imagery EEG classification. Neurocomputing\n                    614, 128889 (2025).","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"20","key":"97034_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/acf98f","volume":"68","author":"X Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu, X. et al. Deep learning for fast denoising filtering in\n                    ultrasound localization microscopy. Phys. Med.\n                        Biol.\n                    68(20), 205002 (2023).","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"97034_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524806","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1524806","volume":"16","author":"N Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, N. et al. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy for the\n                    assessment and treatment of patients with disorders of consciousness. Front. Neurol.\n                    16, 1524806 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"97034_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5333","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S483505","volume":"8","author":"H Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, H. et al. The interrelation of blood urea nitrogen-to-albumin\n                    ratio with three-month clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke cases: A\n                    secondary analytical exploration derived from a prospective cohort study.\n                        Int. J. Gener. Med.\n                    8, 5333\u20135347 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Gener. Med."},{"key":"97034_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537462","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2025.1537462","volume":"19","author":"O Krejcar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Krejcar, O. & Namazi, H. Multi-scale brain modeling:\n                    Bridging microscopic and macroscopic brain dynamics for clinical and\n                    technological applications. Front. Cell.\n                        Neurosci.\n                    19, 1537462 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"97034_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-024-01497-5","volume":"21","author":"J Ou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ou, J. et al. Detecting muscle fatigue among community-dwelling\n                    senior adults with shape features of the probability density function of sEMG.\n                        J. Neuroeng. Rehabil.\n                    21(1), 196 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"97034_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, J., Huang, L., Li, Y. & Fang, F. A bibliometric\n                    analysis of the application of brain-computer interface in rehabilitation\n                    medicine over the past 20 years. J. Multidiscip.\n                        Healthc. 1297\u20131317 (2025).","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S509747"},{"issue":"1","key":"97034_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-024-01369-y","volume":"21","author":"N Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, N. et al. Exploration of a machine learning approach for\n                    diagnosing sarcopenia among Chinese community-dwelling older adults using\n                    sEMG-based data. J. Neuroeng. Rehabil.\n                    21(1), 69 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"97034_CR49","unstructured":"Kanagalakshmi, K. & Nisha, H. B. Lung cancer prediction with\n                    improved graph convolutional neural networks. Available at SSRN\n                    5069314."},{"key":"97034_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2025.01.078","volume":"119","author":"T Khan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khan, T., Yasir, M. & Choi, C. Attention-enhanced optimized\n                    deep ensemble network for effective facial emotion recognition. Alex. Eng. J.\n                    119, 111\u2013123 (2025).","journal-title":"Alex. Eng. J."},{"key":"97034_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, H., Liu, H. & Yang, W. STFNIoT: Lightweight IoT\n                    intrusion detection based on explainable analysis using spatiotemporal fusion\n                    networks (2025).","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-5880612\/v1"},{"key":"97034_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sedak, M., Rosi\u0107 Vitas, M. & Rosi\u0107, B.\n                    Multi-objective hybrid sailfish optimization algorithm for planetary gearbox and\n                    mechanical engineering design optimization problems. Comput. Model. Eng. Sci. (2025).","DOI":"10.32604\/cmes.2025.059319"},{"key":"97034_CR53","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/datasets\/danish003\/face-images-of-acute-stroke-and-non-acute-stroke"},{"issue":"10","key":"97034_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asej.2024.102940","volume":"15","author":"M Ali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ali, M. et al. Classification of physiotherapy exercise of stroke\n                    patients using deep transfer learning and fuzzy logic: A novel approach.\n                        Ain Shams Eng. J.\n                    15(10), 102940 (2024).","journal-title":"Ain Shams Eng. J."},{"key":"97034_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saleem, M. A., Javeed, A., Akarathanawat, W., Chutinet, A.,\n                    Suwanwela, N. C., Asdornwised, W., Chaitusaney, S., Deelertpaiboon, S., Srisiri,\n                    W., Benjapolakul, W. & Kaewplung, P. Innovations in stroke\n                    identification: A machine learning-based diagnostic model using neuroimages.\n                        IEEE Access (2024).","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3369673"},{"key":"97034_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, M., Park, H. Y., Park, W., Kim, K. T., Kim, Y. H. &\n                    Jeong, J. H. Multi-task heterogeneous ensemble learning-based cross-subject EEG\n                    classification under stroke patients. IEEE Trans. Neural\n                        Syst. Rehabil. Eng. (2024).","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2024.3395133"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97034-y","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000}}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97034-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97034-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97034-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:31:26Z","timestamp":1782286286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97034-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["97034"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-97034-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2026","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Clarification","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This article was retracted on 18 June 2026.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"12334"}}