{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:48:39Z","timestamp":1791996519765,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023M731309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M731309"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020A1515110946"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020A1515110946"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"PhD Research Foundation of Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University","award":["2022-BS-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-BS-001"]}]},{"name":"Research Fund for Academician LinHe New Medicine","award":["JYHL2022FMS09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JYHL2022FMS09"]}]},{"name":"Jining Key Research and Development Foundation","award":["2023YXNS023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YXNS023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97045-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T18:22:25Z","timestamp":1751394145000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Identification of a ferroptosis related genes signature and GDF15 contributing to a new perspective for the diagnosis of CRPC"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaolong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongjian","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taijian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianmeng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuding","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"97045_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21820","volume":"74","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Siegel, R. L., Giaquinto, A. N. & Jemal, A. Cancer statistics, 2024. CA Cancer J. Clin. 74, 12\u201349 (2024).","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"97045_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2388(200001\/02)18:1<52::AID-SSU8>3.0.CO;2-6","volume":"18","author":"LJ Denis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Denis, L. J. & Griffiths, K. Endocrine treatment in prostate cancer. Semin Surg. Oncol. 18, 52\u201374 (2000).","journal-title":"Semin Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"97045_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2005.05798.x","volume":"96","author":"N Sharifi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sharifi, N. et al. A retrospective study of the time to clinical endpoints for advanced prostate cancer. BJU Int. 96, 985\u2013989 (2005).","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"97045_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.179159","volume":"19","author":"A Mizokami","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mizokami, A. et al. Understanding prostate-specific antigen dynamics in monitoring metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: implications for clinical practice. Asian J. Androl. 19, 143\u2013148 (2017).","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"97045_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, B., Zhang, Z., Hu, H. & Dong, J. T. Novel gene signatures predictive of patient recurrence-free survival and castration resistance in prostate cancer. Cancers. 13. (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13040917"},{"key":"97045_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823716","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.823716","volume":"13","author":"S Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, S. et al. Establishment of a novel combined nomogram for predicting the risk of progression related to castration resistance in patients with prostate cancer. Front. Genet. 13, 823716 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"97045_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042","volume":"149","author":"SJ Dixon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dixon, S. J. et al. Ferroptosis: an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death. Cell 149, 1060\u20131072 (2012).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"97045_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-022-00459-0","volume":"22","author":"G Lei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lei, G., Zhuang, L. & Gan, B. Targeting ferroptosis as a vulnerability in cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 22, 381\u2013396 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"97045_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakamura, T. & Conrad, M. Exploiting ferroptosis vulnerabilities in cancer. Nat. Cell. Biol. (2024).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-024-01425-8"},{"key":"97045_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6387","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-3182","volume":"26","author":"J Bordini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bordini, J. et al. Iron induces cell death and strengthens the efficacy of antiandrogen therapy in prostate cancer models. Clin. Cancer Res. 26, 6387\u20136398 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"97045_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105305","volume":"164","author":"X Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou, X. et al. Flubendazole, FDA-approved anthelmintic, elicits valid antitumor effects by targeting P53 and promoting ferroptosis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Pharmacol. Res. 164, 105305 (2021).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"97045_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y. et al. Ferroptosis inducer Erastin downregulates androgen receptor and its splice variants in castration\u2013resistant prostate cancer. Oncol. Rep. 45. (2021).","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2021.7976"},{"key":"97045_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12321","volume":"42","author":"L Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu, L. et al. The establishment of polypeptide PSMA-targeted chimeric antigen receptor-engineered natural killer cells for castration-resistant prostate cancer and the induction of ferroptosis-related cell death. Cancer Commun. (Lond). 42, 768\u2013783 (2022).","journal-title":"Cancer Commun. (Lond)"},{"key":"97045_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Genetically engineered membrane-Coated nanoparticles for enhanced prostate-Specific membrane antigen targeting and ferroptosis treatment of Castration-Resistant prostate cancer. Adv. Sci. (Weinh) e2401095. (2024).","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202401095"},{"key":"97045_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-09876-8","volume":"22","author":"C Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, C. et al. The ferroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs signature predicts biochemical recurrence and immune cell infiltration in prostate cancer. BMC Cancer. 22, 788 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"97045_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975623","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.975623","volume":"13","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. A novel ferroptosis-related gene prognostic index for prognosis and response to immunotherapy in patients with prostate cancer. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne). 13, 975623 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"97045_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0122249","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122249","volume":"10","author":"J Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li, J., Veltri, R. W., Yuan, Z., Christudass, C. S. & Mandecki, W. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 biomarker serum immunoassay in combination with PSA is a more specific diagnostic tool for detection of prostate cancer. PLoS One. 10, e0122249 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"97045_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16824","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17207-2","volume":"7","author":"N Bansal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bansal, N. et al. Relevance of MIC-1 in the era of PSA as a serum based predictor of prostate cancer: A critical evaluation. Sci. Rep. 7, 16824 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"97045_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.4111\/icu.2020.61.4.411","volume":"61","author":"HW Kang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kang, H. W. et al. A novel urinary mRNA signature using the droplet digital polymerase chain reaction platform improves discrimination between prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia within the prostate-specific antigen gray zone. Investig Clin. Urol. 61, 411\u2013418 (2020).","journal-title":"Investig Clin. Urol."},{"key":"97045_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.07.017","volume":"2","author":"H Ross-Adams","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ross-Adams, H. et al. Integration of copy number and transcriptomics provides risk stratification in prostate cancer: A discovery and validation cohort study. EBioMedicine 2, 1133\u20131144 (2015).","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"97045_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI66666","volume":"123","author":"C Cai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cai, C. et al. ERG induces androgen receptor-mediated regulation of SOX9 in prostate cancer. J. Clin. Invest. 123, 1109\u20131122 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"97045_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.pcan.4501001","volume":"11","author":"O Stoss","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stoss, O. et al. Transcriptional profiling of transurethral resection samples provides insight into molecular mechanisms of hormone refractory prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 11, 166\u2013172 (2008).","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis."},{"key":"97045_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11125","volume":"487","author":"CS Grasso","year":"2012","unstructured":"Grasso, C. S. et al. The mutational landscape of lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer. Nature 487, 239\u2013243 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"97045_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxj037","volume":"8","author":"WE Johnson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Johnson, W. E., Li, C. & Rabinovic, A. Adjusting batch effects in microarray expression data using empirical Bayes methods. Biostatistics 8, 118\u2013127 (2007).","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"97045_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D571","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac935","volume":"51","author":"N Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou, N. et al. FerrDb V2: update of the manually curated database of ferroptosis regulators and ferroptosis-disease associations. Nucleic Acids Res. 51, D571\u2013d582 (2023).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"97045_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-024-00667-x","volume":"8","author":"S Cheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheng, S. et al. Unveiling novel double-negative prostate cancer subtypes through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. NPJ Precis Oncol. 8, 171 (2024).","journal-title":"NPJ Precis Oncol."},{"key":"97045_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007","volume":"43","author":"ME Ritchie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ritchie, M. E. et al. Smyth GK: Limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 43, e47 (2015).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"97045_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09234-6","volume":"10","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou, Y. et al. Metascape provides a biologist-oriented resource for the analysis of systems-level datasets. Nat. Commun. 10, 1523 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"97045_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-4-2","volume":"4","author":"GD Bader","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bader, G. D. & Hogue, C. W. An automated method for finding molecular complexes in large protein interaction networks. BMC Bioinform. 4, 2 (2003).","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform."},{"key":"97045_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-019-0730-1","volume":"11","author":"S Engebretsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Engebretsen, S. & Bohlin, J. Statistical predictions with Glmnet. Clin. Epigenetics. 11, 123 (2019).","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenetics"},{"key":"97045_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq170","volume":"26","author":"MD Wilkerson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wilkerson, M. D. & Hayes, D. N. ConsensusClusterPlus: a class discovery tool with confidence assessments and item tracking. Bioinformatics 26, 1572\u20131573 (2010).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"97045_CR32","first-page":"577","volume":"16","author":"N Rusk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rusk, N. Expanded CIBERSORTx. Nat. Methods. 16, 577 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"97045_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.12805","volume":"10","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu, Z. et al. Identifying the key genes and microRNAs in prostate cancer bone metastasis by bioinformatics analysis. FEBS Open. Bio. 10, 674\u2013688 (2020).","journal-title":"FEBS Open. Bio"},{"key":"97045_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03138-w","volume":"11","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu, Z. et al. MiRNA-671-5p promotes prostate cancer development and metastasis by targeting NFIA\/CRYAB axis. Cell. Death Dis. 11, 949 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."},{"key":"97045_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.36","volume":"1","author":"W Shen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shen, W. et al. Sangerbox: A comprehensive, interaction-friendly clinical bioinformatics analysis platform. Imeta 1, e36 (2022).","journal-title":"Imeta"},{"key":"97045_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3676","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31218-2","volume":"13","author":"B Wiernicki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wiernicki, B. et al. Cancer cells dying from ferroptosis impede dendritic cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. Nat. Commun. 13, 3676 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"97045_CR37","first-page":"921","volume":"46","author":"CG Ma","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ma, C. G. et al. [Epidemiology of prostate cancer from three centers and analysis of the first-line hormonal therapy for the advanced disease]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 46, 921\u2013925 (2008).","journal-title":"Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"97045_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.01638","volume":"38","author":"ES Antonarakis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Antonarakis, E. S. et al. Pembrolizumab for treatment-refractory metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: multicohort, open-label phase II KEYNOTE-199 study. J. Clin. Oncol. 38, 395\u2013405 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"97045_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, Y. et al. Prospect of prostate cancer treatment: armed CAR-T or combination therapy. Cancers (Basel) 14. (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14040967"},{"key":"97045_CR40","unstructured":"Vogelzang, N. J. et al. Efficacy and safety of autologous dendritic Cell-Based immunotherapy, docetaxel, and prednisone vs placebo in patients with metastatic Castration-Resistant prostate cancer: the VIABLE phase 3 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. (2022)."},{"key":"97045_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.06.006","volume":"205","author":"J Nie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nie, J., Zhang, P., Liang, C., Yu, Y. & Wang, X. ASCL1-mediated ferroptosis resistance enhances the progress of castration-resistant prostate cancer to neurosecretory prostate cancer. Free Radic Biol. Med. 205, 318\u2013331 (2023).","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol. Med."},{"key":"97045_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2023.100985","volume":"70","author":"J Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, J. et al. Inhibition of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase induces ferroptosis and overcomes enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Drug Resist. Updat. 70, 100985 (2023).","journal-title":"Drug Resist. Updat"},{"key":"97045_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24626","volume":"84","author":"P Zou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zou, P., Chen, Z., He, Q. & Zhuo, Y. Polyphyllin I induces ferroptosis in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells through the ERK\/DNMT1\/ACSL4 axis. Prostate 84, 64\u201373 (2024).","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"97045_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, H. & Ma, C. A novel Ferroptosis-Associated gene signature to predict prognosis in patients with uveal melanoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 11. (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11020219"},{"key":"97045_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616271","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.616271","volume":"9","author":"A Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, A., Yang, J., Ma, C., Li, F. & Luo, H. Development and validation of a robust ferroptosis-related prognostic signature in lung adenocarcinoma. Front. Cell. Dev. Biol. 9, 616271 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"97045_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596679","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.596679","volume":"8","author":"Y Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. Development and validation of a combined ferroptosis and immune prognostic classifier for hepatocellular carcinoma. Front. Cell. Dev. Biol. 8, 596679 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"97045_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666025","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.666025","volume":"9","author":"Z Lv","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lv, Z. et al. Identifying a ferroptosis-related gene signature for predicting biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. Front. Cell. Dev. Biol. 9, 666025 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"97045_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.21037\/tau-24-415","volume":"13","author":"H Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, H. et al. Ferroptosis-related gene signature predicts prognosis and immune microenvironment in prostate cancer. Transl Androl. Urol. 13, 2092\u20132109 (2024).","journal-title":"Transl Androl. Urol."},{"key":"97045_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khurana, N. & Sikka, S. C. Interplay between SOX9, Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin and androgen receptor signaling in Castration-Resistant prostate cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 20. (2019).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20092066"},{"key":"97045_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05384-6","volume":"13","author":"Q Dang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dang, Q. et al. Ferroptosis: a double-edged sword mediating immune tolerance of cancer. Cell. Death Dis. 13, 925 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."},{"key":"97045_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05331-3","volume":"22","author":"Y Bao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bao, Y. et al. BIBR1532 combined with radiotherapy induces ferroptosis in NSCLC cells and activates cGAS-STING pathway to promote anti-tumor immunity. J. Transl Med. 22, 519 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Transl Med."},{"key":"97045_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23742","volume":"79","author":"A Erlandsson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Erlandsson, A. et al. M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells in lethal prostate cancer. Prostate 79, 363\u2013369 (2019).","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"97045_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5757","volume":"255","author":"LB Andersen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Andersen, L. B. et al. Immune cell analyses of the tumor microenvironment in prostate cancer highlight infiltrating regulatory T cells and macrophages as adverse prognostic factors. J. Pathol. 255, 155\u2013165 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"97045_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2303894","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202303894","volume":"11","author":"H Xiao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiao, H. et al. Taurine inhibits ferroptosis mediated by the crosstalk between tumor cells and tumor-Associated macrophages in prostate cancer. Adv. Sci. (Weinh). 11, e2303894 (2024).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh)"},{"key":"97045_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102463","volume":"56","author":"X Hao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hao, X. et al. Inhibition of APOC1 promotes the transformation of M2 into M1 macrophages via the ferroptosis pathway and enhances anti-PD1 immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma based on single-cell RNA sequencing. Redox Biol. 56, 102463 (2022).","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"97045_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109235","volume":"35","author":"C Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu, C. et al. The glutathione peroxidase Gpx4 prevents lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis to sustain Treg cell activation and suppression of antitumor immunity. Cell. Rep. 35, 109235 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell. Rep."},{"key":"97045_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.07.016","volume":"12","author":"X Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou, X. et al. Abrogation of HnRNP L enhances anti-PD-1 therapy efficacy via diminishing PD-L1 and promoting CD8(+) T cell-mediated ferroptosis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Acta Pharm. Sin B. 12, 692\u2013707 (2022).","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin B"},{"key":"97045_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02496-3","volume":"22","author":"Z Deng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deng, Z. et al. Irradiated microparticles suppress prostate cancer by tumor microenvironment reprogramming and ferroptosis. J. Nanobiotechnol. 22, 225 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"97045_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6658","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-3126","volume":"15","author":"DA Brown","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brown, D. A. et al. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1: a new prognostic marker in prostate cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 15, 6658\u20136664 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"97045_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7696","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-4901","volume":"69","author":"L Zhao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhao, L. et al. Identification of candidate biomarkers of therapeutic response to docetaxel by proteomic profiling. Cancer Res. 69, 7696\u20137703 (2009).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"97045_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2023.03.001","volume":"135","author":"B Tekin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tekin, B. et al. Mass spectrometry-based assessment of prostate cancer-associated crystalloids reveals enrichment for growth and differentiation factor 15. Hum. Pathol. 135, 35\u201344 (2023).","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"97045_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.07.033","volume":"178","author":"HH Luan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luan, H. H. et al. GDF15 is an Inflammation-Induced central mediator of tissue tolerance. Cell 178, 1231\u20131244e1211 (2019).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"97045_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.484","volume":"108","author":"M Mimeault","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mimeault, M., Johansson, S. L. & Batra, S. K. Marked improvement of cytotoxic effects induced by docetaxel on highly metastatic and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells by downregulating macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1. Br. J. Cancer. 108, 1079\u20131091 (2013).","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"97045_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2010.05.032","volume":"118","author":"AC Staff","year":"2010","unstructured":"Staff, A. C. et al. Growth differentiation factor-15 as a prognostic biomarker in ovarian cancer. Gynecol. Oncol. 118, 237\u2013243 (2010).","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"97045_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3851","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-0705","volume":"16","author":"P Roth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roth, P. et al. GDF-15 contributes to proliferation and immune escape of malignant gliomas. Clin. Cancer Res. 16, 3851\u20133859 (2010).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"97045_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joo, M., Kim, D., Lee, M. W., Lee, H. J. & Kim, J. M. GDF15 promotes cell growth, migration, and invasion in gastric cancer by inducing STAT3 activation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24. (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032925"},{"key":"97045_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(03)00823-4","volume":"305","author":"D Karan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Karan, D. et al. Dysregulated expression of MIC-1\/PDF in human prostate tumor cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 305, 598\u2013604 (2003).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"97045_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13760","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.22.13760","volume":"273","author":"VM Paralkar","year":"1998","unstructured":"Paralkar, V. M. et al. Cloning and characterization of a novel member of the transforming growth factor-beta\/bone morphogenetic protein family. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 13760\u201313767 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"97045_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20551","volume":"67","author":"SJ Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen, S. J. et al. Prostate-derived factor as a paracrine and autocrine factor for the proliferation of androgen receptor-positive human prostate cancer cells. Prostate 67, 557\u2013571 (2007).","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"97045_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2021.11.002","volume":"64","author":"JA Siddiqui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Siddiqui, J. A. et al. Pathophysiological role of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in obesity, cancer, and cachexia. Cytokine Growth Factor. Rev. 64, 71\u201383 (2022).","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor. Rev."},{"key":"97045_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2009.420","volume":"29","author":"S Senapati","year":"2010","unstructured":"Senapati, S. et al. Overexpression of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 induces metastasis of human prostate cancer cells through the FAK-RhoA signaling pathway. Oncogene 29, 1293\u20131302 (2010).","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"97045_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-0059","volume":"152","author":"JC Cheng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cheng, J. C., Chang, H. M. & Leung, P. C. Wild-type p53 attenuates cancer cell motility by inducing growth differentiation factor-15 expression. Endocrinology 152, 2987\u20132995 (2011).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"97045_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0233846","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233846","volume":"15","author":"Y Husaini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Husaini, Y. et al. Growth differentiation factor-15 slows the growth of murine prostate cancer by stimulating tumor immunity. PLoS One. 15, e0233846 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"97045_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176894","volume":"982","author":"X Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. GDF15 attenuates sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction by inhibiting cardiomyocytes ferroptosis via the SOCS1\/GPX4 signaling pathway. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 982, 176894 (2024).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"97045_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.49.399","volume":"49","author":"Z Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu, Z. & Qu, Q. Mechanism of Luteolin induces ferroptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. J. Toxicol. Sci. 49, 399\u2013408 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"97045_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-024-06036-2","volume":"151","author":"ZM Huang Fu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang Fu, Z. M. et al. Suppressing GDF15 enhances the chemotherapeutic effect of 5 FU on MSI-H CRC by regulating the ferroptosis pathway SLC7A11\/GSH\/GPX4. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 151, 6 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"97045_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.03.079","volume":"526","author":"L Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, L., Qiao, L., Bian, Y. & Sun, X. GDF15 knockdown promotes erastin-induced ferroptosis by decreasing SLC7A11 expression. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 526, 293\u2013299 (2020).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"97045_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13008-023-00103-9","volume":"18","author":"D Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, D. et al. Downregulation of GDF15 suppresses ferroptosis and predicts unfavorable prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cell. Div. 18, 21 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell. Div."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97045-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97045-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97045-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T19:12:13Z","timestamp":1751397133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97045-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["97045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-97045-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"21624"}}