{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T21:54:41Z","timestamp":1787003681635,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Egyptian Russian University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Mimusops caffra<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a small to medium-sized fruit-producing tree belonging to the Sapotaceae family with potential commercial, medicinal, and nutritional value. The main goal of the current study is to profile the phytochemical composition of\n                    <jats:italic>M. caffra<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaf targeting both volatile and non-volatile metabolites using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatograpy coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS\/MS), respectively. A total of 62 secondary metabolites were annotated via UPLC-MS\/MS belonging to organic acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, triterpenes, fatty acids and their derivatives, and sphingolipids. Moreover, 50 volatile compounds were detected by using GC-MS classified as monoterpene, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, fatty acids\/esters, and triterpenes. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the crude methanol extract, ethyl acetate,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    -butanol fractions were evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging capacity and nitric oxide inhibition activity, respectively. The crude methanol extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity as compared to ethyl acetate,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    -butanol fractions and ascorbic acid (used as a reference antioxidant). The IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values of the crude methanol extract, ethyl acetate,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    -butanol fractions in DPPH assay were 9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.37\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml, 22.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.79\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml and 42.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.65\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml, respectively, compared to 12.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml for ascorbic acid. Furthermore, NO inhibition assay revealed that most of tested extracts exhibited marked inhibition (78\u201388%) at a dose of 1280\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL, the crude methanol extract showed the most potent anti-inflammatory activity with IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 137\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml. Overall, these findings suggest that the crude methanol extract,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    -butanol and ethyl acetate fractions of\n                    <jats:italic>M. caffra<\/jats:italic>\n                    contain potential antioxidant compounds highlighting their therapeutic potential.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97161-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T08:37:15Z","timestamp":1745915835000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Metabolites profiling of Mimusops caffra leaf via multiplex GC-MS and UPLC-MS\/MS approaches in relation to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mostafa H.","family":"Baky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara M.","family":"Rashad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omayma","family":"Elgendy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safwat A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"97161_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"NM Fayek","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fayek, N. M. et al. Metabolome classification of Olive by-products from different oil presses providing insights into its potential health benefits and valorization as analyzed via multiplex MS\u2010based techniques coupled to chemometrics. Phytochem. Anal. 1, 1 (2024).","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"key":"97161_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2022.113345","volume":"202","author":"MH Baky","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baky, M. H., Elsaid, M. B. & Farag, M. A. Phytochemical and biological diversity of triterpenoid saponins from family sapotaceae: A comprehensive review. Phytochemistry 202, 113345 (2022).","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"97161_CR3","first-page":"280","volume":"5","author":"MH Baky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baky, M. H., Kamal, A. M., Elgindi, M. R. & Haggag, E. G. A review on phenolic compounds from family sapotaceae. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. 5, 280\u2013287 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry"},{"key":"97161_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.21123\/bsj.2020.17.2.0452","volume":"17","author":"G Abdelmohsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdelmohsen, G., Dawoud, G. T. & Mohamed, M. S. Investigation of the biochemical and ultrastructural mechanisms underlying the antimicrobial activity of Mimusops spp. Extracts. Baghdad Sci. J. 17, 452\u2013462 (2020).","journal-title":"Baghdad Sci. J."},{"key":"97161_CR5","unstructured":"Mariyam Roqaiya, M. R., Begum, W., Majeedi, W. B. & Amrin Saiyed, A. S. F. S. A Review on Traditional Uses and Phytochemical Properties of Mimusops elengi Linn (2015)."},{"key":"97161_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1080\/03601234.2017.1301753","volume":"52","author":"S Mngadi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mngadi, S., Moodley, R. & Jonnalagadda, S. B. Elemental composition and nutritional value of the edible fruits of coastal red-milkwood (Mimusops caffra) and impact of soil quality on their chemical characteristics. J. Environ. Sci. Health B. 52, 435\u2013445 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health B"},{"key":"97161_CR7","unstructured":"Mbambelize, G. Mimusops caffra E. Mey. ex A. DC.(Sapotaceae) (2006)."},{"key":"97161_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2015.06.016","volume":"102","author":"E Chivandi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chivandi, E., Mukonowenzou, N. & Berliner, D. The coastal red-milkwood (Mimusops caffra) seed: proximate, mineral, amino acid and fatty acid composition. S. Afr. J. Bot. 102, 137\u2013141 (2016).","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"97161_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo3041076","volume":"3","author":"R Breitling","year":"2013","unstructured":"Breitling, R., Ceniceros, A., Jankevics, A. & Takano, E. Metabolomics for secondary metabolite research. Metabolites 3, 1076\u20131083 (2013).","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"97161_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31370","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c04923","volume":"5","author":"MH Baky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baky, M. H., Farag, M. A. & Rasheed, D. M. Metabolome-based analysis of herbal cough preparations via headspace solid-phase Microextraction GC\/MS and multivariate data analyses: A prospect for its essential oil equivalency. ACS Omega. 5, 31370\u201331380 (2020).","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"97161_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-022-04115-z","volume":"195","author":"M Banni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Banni, M. & Jayaraj, M. Identification of bioactive compounds of leaf extracts of Sida cordata (Burm. F.) Borss. Waalk. By GC\/MS analysis. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 195, 556\u2013572 (2023).","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"97161_CR12","unstructured":"Stashenko, E. & Mart\u00ednez, J. GC-MS analysis of volatile plant secondary metabolites. In Gas Chromatography in Plant Science, Wine Technology, Toxicology and Some Specific Applications 262\u2013264 (2012)."},{"key":"97161_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22010070","volume":"22","author":"J Sharifi-Rad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sharifi-Rad, J. et al. Biological activities of essential oils: from plant chemoecology to traditional healing systems. Molecules 22, 70 (2017).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"97161_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202302124","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202302124","volume":"21","author":"P Kansal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kansal, P., Shukla, A. & Shukla, R. K. Lipidomic profiling and Pharmacological activities of Ficus drupacea oil: comparative study between conventional vs. green solvent. Chem. Biodivers. 21, e202302124 (2024).","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"97161_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10592","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60631-4","volume":"14","author":"MH Baky","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baky, M. H., El-Taher, E. M., Naggar, D. M. E. & Abouelela, M. B. Phytochemical investigation of the n-hexane-extracted oil from four umbelliferous vegetables using GC\/MS analysis in the context of antibacterial activity. Sci. Rep. 14, 10592 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"97161_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25071554","volume":"25","author":"D Choi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Choi, D., Kang, W. & Park, T. Anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of undecane on mast cells and keratinocytes. Molecules 25, 1554 (2020).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"97161_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2021.102098","volume":"35","author":"M Safavi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Safavi, M., Olia, M. S. J., Abolhasani, M. H., Amini, M. & Kianirad, M. Optimization of the culture medium and characterization of antioxidant compounds of a marine isolated microalga as a promising source in aquaculture feed. Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol. 35, 102098 (2021).","journal-title":"Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol."},{"key":"97161_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7248","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26237248","volume":"26","author":"TD Viet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Viet, T. D., Xuan, T. D. & Anh, L. H. \u03b1-amyrin and \u03b2-amyrin isolated from Celastrus hindsii leaves and their antioxidant, anti-xanthine oxidase, and anti-tyrosinase potentials. Molecules 26, 7248 (2021).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"97161_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgaa030","volume":"73","author":"LC Mour\u00e3o Mulvaney","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mour\u00e3o Mulvaney, L. C. et al. Antimicrobial and anthelmintic activities of the ethanolic extract, fractions and isolated compounds from Manilkara zapota LP Royen (Sapotaceae). J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 73, 377\u2013387 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"97161_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amarowicz, R. Vol. 111, 411\u2013412 (Wiley, 2009).","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.200900102"},{"key":"97161_CR21","first-page":"215","volume":"66","author":"H Ekambaram","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ekambaram, H. et al. An in silico approach to identify lead molecules among GC-MS analyzed compounds of Mimusops elengi against Glycosyl transferase of Streptococcus mutans. Egypt. J. Chem. 66, 215\u2013223 (2023).","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Chem."},{"key":"97161_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0308-8146(94)90233-X","volume":"49","author":"J Mallet","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mallet, J., Cerrati, C., Ucciani, E., Gamisans, J. & Gruber, M. Antioxidant activity of plant leaves in relation to their alpha-tocopherol content. Food Chem. 49, 61\u201365 (1994).","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"97161_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13070495","volume":"13","author":"L Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang, L. et al. Phthalic acid esters: natural sources and biological activities. Toxins 13, 495 (2021).","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"97161_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.08.032","volume":"121","author":"MT Islam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Islam, M. T. et al. Phytol: A review of biomedical activities. Food Chem. Toxicol. 121, 82\u201394 (2018). Phytol.","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"97161_CR25","first-page":"100120","volume":"5","author":"M Banni","year":"2024","unstructured":"Banni, M. & Jayaraj, M. Phytochemical characterization and therapeutic potential of leaf of Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC.: A comprehensive study on functional groups and bioactive compounds. Pharmacol. Res. Nat. Prod. 5, 100120 (2024).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"97161_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8490.94723","volume":"4","author":"NM Fayek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fayek, N. M., Monem, A. R. A., Mossa, M. Y., Meselhy, M. R. & Shazly, A. H. Chemical and biological study of Manilkara Zapota (L.) Van Royen leaves (Sapotaceae) cultivated in Egypt. Pharmacogn. Res. 4, 85 (2012).","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Res."},{"key":"97161_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4234","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25184234","volume":"25","author":"AI Elshamy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elshamy, A. I. et al. UPLC-qTOF-MS phytochemical profile and antiulcer potential of Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb. Alcoholic extract. Molecules 25, 4234 (2020).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"97161_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1365\/s10337-010-1611-0","volume":"72","author":"R Fern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez, R. et al. Simple LC\u2013MS determination of citric and malic acids in fruits and vegetables. Chromatographia 72, 55\u201362 (2010).","journal-title":"Chromatographia"},{"key":"97161_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bse.2021.104375","volume":"100","author":"MH Baky","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baky, M. H., Kamal, A. M., Haggag, E. G. & Elgindi, M. R. Flavonoids from Manilkara Hexandra and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 100, 104375 (2022).","journal-title":"Biochem. Syst. Ecol."},{"key":"97161_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vuolo, M. M., Lima, V. S. & Junior, M. R. M. Bioactive Compounds 33\u201350 (Elsevier, 2019).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814774-0.00002-5"},{"key":"97161_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2019.460472","volume":"1604","author":"Z Yisimayili","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yisimayili, Z. et al. A comprehensive study of pomegranate flowers polyphenols and metabolites in rat biological samples by high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A. 1604, 460472 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"97161_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.3390\/separations9090234","volume":"9","author":"NA Rahim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rahim, N. A., Roslan, M. N. F., Muhamad, M. & Seeni, A. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content and LC\u2013MS profiling of leaves extracts of Alstonia angustiloba. Separations 9, 234 (2022).","journal-title":"Separations"},{"key":"97161_CR33","unstructured":"Ma, J. Polyphenolic Antioxidants from Sapotaceae Fruits (City University of New York, 2004)."},{"key":"97161_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2016.11.002","volume":"6","author":"B Parikh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parikh, B. & Patel, V. Quantification of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of an underutilized Indian fruit: Rayan [Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard]. Food Sci. Hum. Wellness. 6, 10\u201319 (2017).","journal-title":"Food Sci. Hum. Wellness"},{"key":"97161_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23051199","volume":"23","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Compounds identification in semen cuscutae by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLCs) coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Molecules 23, 1199 (2018).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"97161_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2023.104753","volume":"16","author":"D Sayed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sayed, D., Afifi, A., Temraz, A. & Ahmed, A. Metabolic profiling of Mimusops Elengi Linn. Leaves extract and in Silico anti-inflammatory assessment targeting NLRP3 inflammasome. Arab. J. Chem. 16, 104753 (2023).","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"97161_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-016-9450-y","volume":"408","author":"SH Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang, S. H. et al. Typical ultraviolet spectra in combination with diagnostic mass fragmentation analysis for the rapid and comprehensive profiling of chlorogenic acids in the buds of Lonicera macranthoides. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 408, 3659\u20133672 (2016).","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"97161_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.12.156","volume":"127","author":"UA Fischer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fischer, U. A., Carle, R. & Kammerer, D. R. Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Peel, mesocarp, Aril and differently produced juices by HPLC-DAD\u2013ESI\/MSn. Food Chem. 127, 807\u2013821 (2011).","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"97161_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2016.04.037","volume":"87","author":"T Hofmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hofmann, T., Nebehaj, E. & Albert, L. Antioxidant properties and detailed polyphenol profiling of European Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) leaves by multiple antioxidant capacity assays and high-performance liquid chromatography\/multistage electrospray mass spectrometry. Ind. Crops Prod. 87, 340\u2013349 (2016).","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"97161_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA07841J","volume":"10","author":"A Serag","year":"2020","unstructured":"Serag, A., Baky, M. H., D\u00f6ll, S. & Farag, M. A. UHPLC-MS metabolome based classification of umbelliferous fruit taxa: a prospect for phyto-equivalency of its different accessions and in response to roasting. RSC Adv. 10, 76\u201385 (2020).","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"97161_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.11.040","volume":"277","author":"GL Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen, G. L., Fan, M. X., Wu, J. L., Li, N. & Guo, M. Q. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of flavonoids from Lotus plumule. Food Chem. 277, 706\u2013712 (2019).","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"97161_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.202000962","volume":"44","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao, Y. et al. Rapid qualitative profiling and quantitative analysis of phenolics in Ribes meyeri leaves and their antioxidant and antidiabetic activities by HPLC-QTOF\u2010MS\/MS and UHPLC\u2010MS\/MS. J. Sep. Sci. 44, 1404\u20131420 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"97161_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2018.09.019","volume":"1099","author":"R dos Luz","year":"2018","unstructured":"dos Luz, R. Metabolomic profile of Schinopsis Brasiliensis via UPLC-QTOF-MS for identification of biomarkers and evaluation of its cytotoxic potential. J. Chromatogr. B 1099, 97\u2013109 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"97161_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e54466","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054466","volume":"8","author":"YT Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin, Y. T. et al. Green tea phenolic epicatechins inhibit hepatitis C virus replication via cycloxygenase-2 and attenuate virus-induced inflammation. PLoS ONE 8, e54466 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"97161_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theochem.2006.01.001","volume":"761","author":"AM Mendoza-Wilson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mendoza-Wilson, A. M. & Glossman-Mitnik, D. Theoretical study of the molecular properties and chemical reactivity of (+)-catechin and (\u2013)-epicatechin related to their antioxidant ability. J. Mol. Struct. Theochem. 761, 97\u2013106 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct. Theochem."},{"key":"97161_CR46","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"T Sano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sano, T., Elsheikh, M., Kanematsu, T. & Epicatechin Potential use as anti-obese and anti-periodontal nutrient. Curr. Oral Health Rep. 1, 1\u20139 (2024).","journal-title":"Curr. Oral Health Rep."},{"key":"97161_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27072217","volume":"27","author":"M Formato","year":"2022","unstructured":"Formato, M. et al. UHPLC-ESI-Q Q TOF analysis and in vitro rumen fermentation for exploiting Fagus sylvatica leaf in ruminant diet. Molecules 27, 2217 (2022).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"97161_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.09.098","volume":"196","author":"D Barreca","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barreca, D., Gattuso, G., Lagan\u00e0, G., Leuzzi, U. & Bellocco, E. C-and O-glycosyl flavonoids in Sanguinello and Tarocco blood orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) juice: identification and influence on antioxidant properties and acetylcholinesterase activity. Food Chem. 196, 619\u2013627 (2016).","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"97161_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21471","DOI":"10.1039\/D3RA03141A","volume":"13","author":"MA Farag","year":"2023","unstructured":"Farag, M. A. et al. Comparison of Balanites aegyptiaca parts: metabolome providing insights into plant health benefits and valorization purposes as analyzed using multiplex GC-MS, LC-MS, NMR-based metabolomics, and molecular networking. RSC Adv. 13, 21471\u201321493 (2023).","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"97161_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17914","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.17914","volume":"12","author":"MA Farag","year":"2024","unstructured":"Farag, M. A., Ragab, N. A. & Maamoun, M. A. I. Metabolites profiling of Sapota fruit pulp via a multiplex approach of gas and ultra performance liquid chromatography\/mass spectroscopy in relation to its lipase Inhibition effect. PeerJ 12, e17914 (2024).","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"97161_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-015-8585-6","volume":"407","author":"A Basit","year":"2015","unstructured":"Basit, A., Piomelli, D. & Armirotti, A. Rapid evaluation of 25 key sphingolipids and phosphosphingolipids in human plasma by LC-MS\/MS. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 407, 5189\u20135198 (2015).","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"97161_CR52","unstructured":"Martiningsih, N., Mudianta, I. & Suryanti, I. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 012078 (IOP Publishing)."},{"key":"97161_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.5530\/ax.2011.2.11","volume":"1","author":"KS Rao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rao, K. S., Munjuluri, P. R., Kumar, B. R. & Keshar, N. K. Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of methanol bark extract of Mimusops elengi. Free Radic. Antioxid. 1, 62\u201371 (2011).","journal-title":"Free Radic. Antioxid."},{"key":"97161_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.2174\/092986709788682155","volume":"16","author":"JR Kanwar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kanwar, J. R., Kanwar, R. K., Burrow, H. & Baratchi, S. Recent advances on the roles of NO in cancer and chronic inflammatory disorders. Curr. Med. Chem. 16, 2373\u20132394 (2009).","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"97161_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-007-0013-x","volume":"15","author":"J Sharma","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sharma, J., Al-Omran, A. & Parvathy, S. Role of nitric oxide in inflammatory diseases. Inflammopharmacology 15, 252\u2013259 (2007).","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"97161_CR56","unstructured":"Gupta, A., Khamkar, P. R. & Chaphalkar, S. R. Inhibition of Nitric Oxide and Proinflammatory Cytokines by Aqueous Extract of Terminalia arjuna in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (2013)."},{"key":"97161_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2018.1454480","volume":"56","author":"VP Ribeiro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ribeiro, V. P., Arruda, C., El-Salam, A., Bastos, J. K. & M. & Brazilian medicinal plants with corroborated anti-inflammatory activities: a review. Pharm. Biol. 56, 253\u2013268 (2018).","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"97161_CR58","first-page":"120","volume":"5","author":"A Gupta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gupta, A. & Chaphalkar, S. R. Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities of flavonoids from medicinal plants. J. HerbMed Pharmacol. 5, 120\u2013124 (2016).","journal-title":"J. HerbMed Pharmacol."},{"key":"97161_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2016.02.011","volume":"21","author":"V Karuppagounder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karuppagounder, V. et al. Molecular targets of Quercetin with anti-inflammatory properties in atopic dermatitis. Drug Discov. Today. 21, 632\u2013639 (2016).","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"97161_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110985","volume":"133","author":"J Bai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bai, J. et al. Gallic acid: Pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms involved in inflammation-related diseases. Biomed. Pharmacother. 133, 110985 (2021).","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"97161_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10592","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60631-4","volume":"14","author":"MH Baky","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baky, M. H., El-Taher, E. M., Naggar, D. M. E. & Abouelela, M. B. J. S. R. Phytochemical investigation of the n-hexane-extracted oil from four umbelliferous vegetables using GC\/MS analysis in the context of antibacterial activity. Sci. Rep. 14, 10592 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"97161_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24788","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c03627","volume":"6","author":"MH Baky","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baky, M. H., Shawky, E. M., Elgindi, M. R. & Ibrahim, H. A. Comparative volatile profiling of Ludwigia stolonifera aerial parts and roots using VSE-GC-MS\/MS and screening of antioxidant and metal chelation activities. ACS Omega. 6, 24788\u201324794 (2021).","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"97161_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0527448","volume":"54","author":"JY Bor","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bor, J. Y., Chen, H. Y. & Yen, G. -c. Evaluation of antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production of some common vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 1680\u20131686 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"97161_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-013-0663-8","volume":"23","author":"JY Eskander","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eskander, J. Y., Haggag, E. G., El-Gindi, M. R. & Mohamedy, M. M. A novel saponin from Manilkara Hexandra seeds and anti-inflammatory activity. Med. Chem. Res. 23, 717\u2013724 (2014).","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"97161_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2018.03.005","volume":"154","author":"B Zhuang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhuang, B., Bi, Z. M., Wang, Z. Y., Duan, L. & Liu, E. H. Chemical profiling and quantitation of bioactive compounds in Platycladi cacumen by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS\/MS and UPLC-DAD. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 154, 207\u2013215 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"97161_CR66","first-page":"317","volume":"15","author":"H Su","year":"2023","unstructured":"Su, H. et al. Chemical profiling and rapid discrimination of Blumea riparia and Blumea megacephala by UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS\/MS and HPLC. Chin. Herb. Med. 15, 317\u2013328 (2023).","journal-title":"Chin. Herb. Med."},{"key":"97161_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, L. et al. Rapid identification of chemical constituents in Artemisia argyi L\u00e9vi. et Vant by UPLC-Q\u2010Exactive\u2010MS\/MS. J. Food Qual. 2021, 5597327 (2021).","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5597327"},{"key":"97161_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.112001","volume":"151","author":"J Deng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deng, J. et al. Identification and quantification of free, esterified, and insoluble-bound phenolics in grains of hulless barley varieties and their antioxidant activities. LWT 151, 112001 (2021).","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"97161_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2021.103844","volume":"98","author":"C Silva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Silva, C., C\u00e2mara, J. S. & Perestrelo, R. A high-throughput analytical strategy based on quechers-dspe\/HPLC\u2013DAD\u2013ESI-Msn to Establish the phenolic profile of tropical fruits. J. Food Compos. Anal. 98, 103844 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"97161_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2017.03.016","volume":"140","author":"L Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, L. et al. Rapid profiling and Pharmacokinetic studies of major compounds in crude extract from Polygonum multiflorum by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and UPLC\u2013MS\/MS. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 140, 45\u201361 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"97161_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24061109","volume":"24","author":"S Sut","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sut, S., Zengin, G., Maggi, F., Malagoli, M. & Dall\u2019Acqua, S. Triterpene acid and phenolics from ancient apples of Friuli Venezia Giulia as nutraceutical ingredients: LC-MS study and in vitro activities. Molecules 24, 1109 (2019).","journal-title":"Molecules"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97161-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97161-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97161-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T09:03:29Z","timestamp":1745917409000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97161-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["97161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-97161-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"15072"}}