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The identification of survivors that should be prioritized during follow-up after CM is necessary for post-hospitalization care. We analysed social, clinical, and immune determinants of malarial retinopathy (MR) and short-term neurological outcomes after CM. Children aged 24 to 71 months with CM were prospectively followed-up until 28 days after admission at two hospitals in Benin. Direct ophthalmoscopy was performed shortly after admission. Plasma biomarkers were measured at admission. A neurocognitive deficit screener was administered at discharge and 21\u201328 days after admission. Of 70 children, 20 died before discharge (28.6%). Neurological deficits decreased from 100% on admission to 48.9% at discharge, and to 16.7% at 21\u201328 days after admission. MR was found in 58% of children. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with MR were a traditional consultation before admission and study site. In addition, neurological deficits were associated with MR (Odds Ratio 5.54 95% CI (1.30\u201323.54)). In univariate analysis, higher plasma levels of angiopoietin-2 were associated with neurological deficit at discharge and at days 21\u201328 post-admission. Therefore, MR and endothelium activation may be markers of neurological deficit, the former at hospital discharge and the latter at discharge and at D21\u2013D28 post-admission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97468-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T16:39:11Z","timestamp":1745080751000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Determinants of retinopathy and short-term neurological outcomes after cerebral malaria"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Florence","family":"Bodeau-Livinec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agn\u00e8s","family":"Aubouy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00e8s","family":"Besnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Angendu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josselin","family":"Brisset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Royo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elis\u00e9e","family":"Kinkpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Ayedadjou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Mowendabeka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lathi\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farid","family":"Boumedi\u00e8ne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Dossou-Dagba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jules","family":"Alao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Faucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"97468_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. 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