{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T20:27:04Z","timestamp":1780432024865,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dr Chen Fong doctoral scholarship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada"},{"name":"CIHR Operating Grant on the Regulation of cerebral blood flow in OSA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97554-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T09:27:02Z","timestamp":1744709222000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Oxygen saturation and acute mountain sickness during repeated altitude exposures simulating high-altitude working schedules"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nina F.","family":"Waldner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara E.","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Muralt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Lichtblau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick R.","family":"Bader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean M.","family":"Rawling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Ulrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc J.","family":"Poulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konrad E.","family":"Bloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Furian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"97554_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11143937","author":"G Savioli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Savioli, G. et al. Pathophysiology and therapy of high-altitude sickness: Practical approach in emergency and critical care. J. Clin. Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11143937 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"97554_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00677","volume":"9","author":"M Pun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pun, M. et al. Effect of acute, subacute, and repeated exposure to high altitude (5050 m) on psychomotor vigilance. Front. Physiol. 9, 677 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"97554_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965021","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.965021","volume":"13","author":"M Furian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Furian, M. et al. Acute high altitude exposure, acclimatization and re-exposure on nocturnal breathing. Front. Physiol. 13, 965021 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"97554_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06270-z","volume":"12","author":"LC Graf","year":"2022","unstructured":"Graf, L. C. et al. A prospective cohort study about the effect of repeated living high and working higher on cerebral autoregulation in unacclimatized lowlanders. Sci. Rep. 12, 2472 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"97554_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2019.04.006","volume":"30","author":"AM Luks","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luks, A. M. et al. Wilderness medical society clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of acute altitude illness: 2019 update. Wilderness Environ. Med. 30, S3\u2013S18 (2019).","journal-title":"Wilderness Environ. Med."},{"key":"97554_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.75.3.1117","volume":"75","author":"JT Reeves","year":"1993","unstructured":"Reeves, J. T., McCullough, R. E., Moore, L. G., Cymerman, A. & Weil, J. V. Sea-level PCO2 relates to ventilatory acclimatization at 4300 m. J. Appl. Physiol. 75, 1117\u20131122 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"97554_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20030161","volume":"106","author":"BA Beidleman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Beidleman, B. A. et al. Intermittent altitude exposures reduce acute mountain sickness at 4300 m. Clin. Sci. 106, 321\u2013328 (2004).","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"97554_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00880.2013","volume":"116","author":"AW Subudhi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Subudhi, A. W. et al. AltitudeOmics: Cerebral autoregulation during ascent, acclimatization, and re-exposure to high altitude and its relation with acute mountain sickness. J. Appl. Physiol. 116, 724\u2013729 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"97554_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e92191","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092191","volume":"9","author":"AW Subudhi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Subudhi, A. W. et al. AltitudeOmics: The integrative physiology of human acclimatization to hypobaric hypoxia and its retention upon reascent. PLoS ONE 9, e92191 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"97554_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.03.057","volume":"332","author":"M Lichtblau","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lichtblau, M. et al. Extravascular lung water and cardiac function assessed by echocardiography in healthy lowlanders during repeated very high-altitude exposure. Int. J. Cardiol. 332, 166\u2013174 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"97554_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01131","volume":"9","author":"M Pun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pun, M. et al. Effects on cognitive functioning of acute, subacute and repeated exposures to high altitude. Front. Physiol. 9, 1131 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"97554_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2019.0012","volume":"20","author":"M Pun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pun, M. et al. Cognitive effects of repeated acute exposure to very high altitude among altitude-experienced workers at 5050 m. High Alt. Med. Biol. 20, 361\u2013374 (2019).","journal-title":"High Alt. Med. Biol."},{"key":"97554_CR13","first-page":"1063","volume":"54","author":"JB Sampson","year":"1983","unstructured":"Sampson, J. B., Cymerman, A., Burse, R. L., Maher, J. T. & Rock, P. B. Procedures for the measurement of acute mountain sickness. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 54, 1063\u20131073 (1983).","journal-title":"Aviat. Space Environ. Med."},{"key":"97554_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201207-1323CI","volume":"186","author":"JB West","year":"2012","unstructured":"West, J. B. High-altitude medicine. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 186, 1229\u20131237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201207-1323CI (2012).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"97554_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14809","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14809","volume":"9","author":"AB Cobb","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cobb, A. B. et al. Physiological responses during ascent to high altitude and the incidence of acute mountain sickness. Physiol. Rep. 9, e14809 (2021).","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"97554_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2008.00827.x","volume":"18","author":"P B\u00e4rtsch","year":"2008","unstructured":"B\u00e4rtsch, P. & Saltin, B. General introduction to altitude adaptation and mountain sickness. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 18(Suppl 1), 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2008.00827.x (2008).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"97554_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.33963\/KP.14832","volume":"77","author":"G Bilo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bilo, G., Caravita, S., Torlasco, C. & Parati, G. Blood pressure at high altitude: Physiology and clinical implications. Kardiol. Polska 77, 596\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33963\/KP.14832 (2019).","journal-title":"Kardiol. Polska"},{"key":"97554_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R677","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00244.2021","volume":"324","author":"SO Wait","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wait, S. O., Charkoudian, N., Skinner, J. W. & Smith, C. J. Combining hypoxia with thermal stimuli in humans: Physiological responses and potential sex differences. Am. J. Physiol. Regulat. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 324, R677\u2013R690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00244.2021 (2023).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regulat. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"97554_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5278.64608","volume":"14","author":"S Paralikar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paralikar, S. & Paralikar, J. High-altitude medicine. Indian J. Occup. Environ. Med. 14, 6\u201312 (2010).","journal-title":"Indian J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"97554_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.36.2.169","author":"JA Vogel","year":"1974","unstructured":"Vogel, J. A. et al. Cardiac output during exercise in sea-level residents at sea level and high altitude. J. Applied. Pewsiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1974.36.2.169 (1974).","journal-title":"J. Applied. Pewsiol."},{"key":"97554_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2010.03.004","volume":"52","author":"R Naeije","year":"2010","unstructured":"Naeije, R. Physiological adaptation of the cardiovascular system to high altitude. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 52, 456\u2013466 (2010).","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"97554_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vassilakopoulos, T. 6 control of ventilation and respiratory muscles 51. in Clinical Respiratory Medicine (eds. Stephen G. Spiro, Gerard A. Silvestri & Alvar Agust\u00ed) 50\u201362 (Elsevier, 2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/C2010-0-66874-X.","DOI":"10.1016\/C2010-0-66874-X"},{"key":"97554_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.763933","author":"KL Webb","year":"2022","unstructured":"Webb, K. L. et al. Influence of High hemoglobin-oxygen affinity on humans during hypoxia. Front. Physiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.763933 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"97554_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2010.02.003","volume":"52","author":"C Imray","year":"2010","unstructured":"Imray, C., Wright, A., Subudhi, A. & Roach, R. Acute mountain sickness: Pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 52, 467\u2013484 (2010).","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"97554_CR25","first-page":"1379","volume":"55","author":"JS Milledge","year":"1983","unstructured":"Milledge, J. S., Ward, M. P., Williams, E. S. & Clarke, C. R. A. Cardiorespiratory response to exercise in men repeatedly exposed to extreme altitude. J. Appl. Physiol. Respir. Environ. Exerc. Physiol. 55, 1379\u20131385 (1983).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. Respir. Environ. Exerc. Physiol."},{"key":"97554_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-012-2308-x","volume":"112","author":"MJ MacNutt","year":"2012","unstructured":"MacNutt, M. J. et al. Acclimatisation in trekkers with and without recent exposure to high altitude. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 112, 3287\u20133294 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"97554_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2009.1012","volume":"10","author":"T Yi Wu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yi Wu, T. et al. Reduced incidence and severity of acute mountain sickness in qinghai-tibet railroad construction workers after repeated 7-month exposures despite 5-month low altitude periods. High Altit. Med. Biol. 10, 221\u2013231 (2009).","journal-title":"High Altit. Med. Biol."},{"key":"97554_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2005.6.158","volume":"6","author":"C Pesce","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pesce, C. et al. Determinants of acute mountain sickness and success on mount Aconcagua (6962 m). High Alt. Med. Biol. 6, 158\u2013166 (2005).","journal-title":"High Alt. Med. Biol."},{"key":"97554_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200212000-00005","volume":"34","author":"M Schneider","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schneider, M., Bernasch, D., Weymann, J., Holle, R. & B\u00e4rtsch, P. Acute mountain sickness: Influence of susceptibility, preexposure, and ascent rate. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 34, 1886\u20131891 (2002).","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"97554_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2013.03.028","volume":"31","author":"YM Weng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weng, Y. M. et al. Different duration of high-altitude pre-exposure associated with the incidence of acute mountain sickness on Jade Mountain. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 31, 1113\u20131117 (2013).","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"97554_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14108","author":"A Song","year":"2017","unstructured":"Song, A. et al. Erythrocytes retain hypoxic adenosine response for faster acclimatization upon re-ascent. Nat. Commun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms14108 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"97554_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1089\/15270290260131894","volume":"3","author":"JP Richalet","year":"2002","unstructured":"Richalet, J. P. et al. Chilean miners commuting from sea level to 4500 m: A prospective study. High Alt. Med. Biol. 3, 159\u2013166 (2002).","journal-title":"High Alt. Med. Biol."},{"key":"97554_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Richalet, J.-P. et al. Operation Everest III (COMEX \u201897). 297\u2013317 (1999) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4615-4711-2_23.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4711-2_23"},{"key":"97554_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00972","author":"L Mourot","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mourot, L. Limitation of maximal heart rate in hypoxia: Mechanisms and clinical importance. Front. Physiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2018.00972 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"97554_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2009.1004","volume":"10","author":"BA Beidleman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Beidleman, B. A. et al. Effect of 6 days of staging on physiologic adjustments and acute mountain sickness during ascent to 4300 meters. High Alt Med Biol 10, 253\u2013260 (2009).","journal-title":"High Alt Med Biol"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97554-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97554-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97554-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T09:27:04Z","timestamp":1744709224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97554-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["97554"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-97554-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.12.20.24319405","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"12987"}}