{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T11:17:09Z","timestamp":1794050229048,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745712000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mahidol University (MU\u2019s Strategic Research Fund) : fiscal year 2023."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97593-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T09:12:40Z","timestamp":1745745160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Alcohol-induced gut permeability defect through dysbiosis and enterocytic mitochondrial interference causing pro-inflammatory macrophages in a dose dependent manner"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Wiwat","family":"Chancharoenthana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supitcha","family":"Kamolratanakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanyarat","family":"Udompornpitak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhammika Leshan","family":"Wannigama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus J.","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asada","family":"Leelahavanichkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"97593_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3684","volume":"14","author":"DM Underhill","year":"2014","unstructured":"Underhill, D. M. & Iliev, I. D. The mycobiota: interactions between commensal fungi and the host immune system. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 14, 405\u2013416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri3684 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"97593_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4019","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.6.4019","volume":"181","author":"GM Deng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Deng, G. M. & Tsokos, G. C. Cholera toxin B accelerates disease progression in lupus-prone mice by promoting lipid raft aggregation. J. Immunol. 181, 4019\u20134026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.181.6.4019 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"97593_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S70325","volume":"8","author":"MJ Podolska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Podolska, M. J., Biermann, M. H., Mauer\u00f6der, C., Hahn, J. & Herrmann, M. Inflammatory etiopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus: an update. J. Inflamm. Res. 8, 161\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JIR.S70325 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"97593_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14660","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i40.14660","volume":"20","author":"E Gonz\u00e1lez-Reimers","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Reimers, E., Santolaria-Fern\u00e1ndez, F., Mart\u00edn-Gonz\u00e1lez, M. C., Fern\u00e1ndez-Rodr\u00edguez, C. M. & Quintero-Platt, G. Alcoholism: a systemic Proinflammatory condition. World J. Gastroenterol. 20, 14660\u201314671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v20.i40.14660 (2014).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"97593_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00700","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00700-17","volume":"86","author":"W Panpetch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Panpetch, W. et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus L34 attenuates gut translocation-induced bacterial sepsis in murine models of leaky gut. Infect. Immun. 86, e00700\u2013e00717. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.00700-17 (2017).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"97593_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G1356","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00526.2011","volume":"303","author":"M Dunagan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dunagan, M., Chaudhry, K., Samak, G. & Rao, R. K. Acetaldehyde disrupts tight junctions in Caco-2 cell monolayers by a protein phosphatase 2A-dependent mechanism. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 303, G1356\u2013G1364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00526.2011 (2012).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"97593_CR7","first-page":"163","volume":"38","author":"F Bishehsari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bishehsari, F. et al. Alcohol and gut-derived inflammation. Alcohol Res. 38, 163\u2013171 (2017).","journal-title":"Alcohol Res."},{"key":"97593_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI90562","volume":"127","author":"AM Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang, A. M. et al. Intestinal fungi contribute to development of alcoholic liver disease. J. Clin. Invest. 127, 2829\u20132841. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI90562 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"#cr-split#-97593_CR9.1","unstructured":"Cederbaum, A. I., Chancharoenthana, W., Kamolratanakul, S., Schultz, M. J. & Leelahavanichkul, A. Alcohol metabolism. Clin Liver Dis. ;16(4):667\u2009-\u200985. https:\/\/doi.org\/, The leaky gut and the gut microbiome in sepsis - targets in research and treatment. Clin Sci (Lond). 2023"},{"key":"#cr-split#-97593_CR9.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"137: 645-662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/CS20220777. (2012).","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20220777"},{"key":"97593_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zqac039","DOI":"10.1093\/function\/zqac039","volume":"3","author":"L Simon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Simon, L. & Molina, P. E. Cellular bioenergetics: experimental evidence for alcohol-induced adaptations. Function (Oxf). 3, zqac039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/function\/zqac039 (2022).","journal-title":"Function (Oxf)"},{"key":"97593_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916765","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.916765","volume":"13","author":"G Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, G. et al. Gut microbiota dysbiosis: the potential mechanisms by which alcohol disrupts gut and brain functions. Front. Microbiol. 13, 916765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.916765 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"97593_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkad013","volume":"47","author":"ML Olds","year":"2023","unstructured":"Olds, M. L., Kosecki, P. A. & Jones, A. W. Preanalytical factors influencing the stability of ethanol in antemortem blood and urine samples. J. Anal. Toxicol. 47, 403\u2013416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jat\/bkad013 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"97593_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-8278(87)80003-x","volume":"4","author":"C Bode","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bode, C., Kugler, V. & Bode, J. C. Endotoxemia in patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic cirrhosis and in subjects with no evidence of chronic liver disease following acute alcohol excess. J. Hepatol. 4, 8\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0168-8278(87)80003-x (1987).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"97593_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.440","volume":"83","author":"HJ Anders","year":"2013","unstructured":"Anders, H. J., Andersen, K. & Stecher, B. The intestinal microbiota, a leaky gut, and abnormal immunity in kidney disease. Kidney Int. 83, 1010\u20131016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2012.440 (2013).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"97593_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8223","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158223","volume":"23","author":"A Charoensappakit","year":"2022","unstructured":"Charoensappakit, A., Sae-Khow, K. & Leelahavanichkul, A. Gut barrier damage and gut translocation of pathogen molecules in lupus, an impact of innate immunity (macrophages and neutrophils) in autoimmune disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 8223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23158223 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"97593_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.29.5.900","volume":"29","author":"S Kiechl","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kiechl, S. et al. Alcohol consumption and atherosclerosis: what is the relation? Prospective results from the Bruneck study. Stroke 29, 900\u2013907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.29.5.900 (1998).","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"97593_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7910","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24097910","volume":"24","author":"E Gusev","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gusev, E. & Sarapultsev, A. Atherosclerosis and inflammation: insights from the theory of general pathological processes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24, 7910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24097910 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"97593_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddg249","volume":"12","author":"D Glynn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Glynn, D., Bortnick, R. A. & Morton, A. J. Complexin II is essential for normal neurological function in mice. Hum. Mol. Genet. 12, 2431\u20132448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddg249 (2003).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"97593_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000645","volume":"46","author":"A Leelahavanichkul","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leelahavanichkul, A. et al. Gastrointestinal leakage detected by serum (1\u21923)-\u03b2-D-glucan in mouse models and a pilot study in patients with sepsis. Shock 46, 506\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000645 (2016).","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"97593_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.287","volume":"78","author":"A Leelahavanichkul","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leelahavanichkul, A. et al. Angiotensin II overcomes strain-dependent resistance of rapid CKD progression in a new remnant kidney mouse model. Kidney Int. 78, 1136\u20131153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2010.287 (2010).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"97593_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.261","volume":"80","author":"A Leelahavanichkul","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leelahavanichkul, A. et al. Chronic kidney disease worsens sepsis and sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by releasing high mobility group box protein-1. Kidney Int. 80, 1198\u20131211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2011.261 (2011).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"97593_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14010080","volume":"14","author":"T Ondee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ondee, T. et al. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum dfa1 outperforms Enterococcus faecium dfa1 on anti-obesity in high fat-induced obesity mice possibly through the differences in gut dysbiosis Attenuation, despite the similar anti-inflammatory properties. Nutrients 14, 80. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14010080 (2021).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"97593_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6367","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85449-2","volume":"11","author":"T Ondee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ondee, T. et al. Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 improves saturated fat-induced obesity mouse model through the enhanced intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila. Sci. Rep. 11, 6367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-85449-2 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"97593_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0033","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000033","volume":"7","author":"RM Gill","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gill, R. M. et al. The nonalcoholic steatohepatitis extended hepatocyte ballooning score: histologic classification and clinical significance. Hepatol. Commun. 7, e0033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000033 (2023).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"key":"97593_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofz099","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz099","volume":"6","author":"SE Sansom","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sansom, S. E. et al. Steatosis rates by liver biopsy and transient elastography with controlled Attenuation parameter in clinical experience of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus\/hcv coinfection in a large US hepatitis clinic. Open. Forum Infect. Dis. 6, ofz099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofz099 (2019).","journal-title":"Open. Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"97593_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2019.1662712","volume":"11","author":"W Panpetch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Panpetch, W. et al. Additional Candida albicans administration enhances the severity of dextran sulfate solution induced colitis mouse model through leaky gut-enhanced systemic inflammation and gut-dysbiosis but attenuated by Lactobacillus rhamnosus L34. Gut Microbes. 11, 465\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2019.1662712 (2020).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"97593_CR27","first-page":"76","volume":"21","author":"C Bode","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bode, C. & Bode, J. C. Alcohol\u2019s role in Gastrointestinal tract disorders. Alcohol Health Res. World. 21, 76\u201383 (1997).","journal-title":"Alcohol Health Res. World"},{"key":"97593_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8568","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158568","volume":"23","author":"P Hiengrach","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hiengrach, P., Panpetch, W., Chindamporn, A. & Leelahavanichkul, A. Helicobacter pylori, protected from antibiotics and stresses inside Candida albicans vacuoles, cause gastritis in mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 8568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23158568 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"97593_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10951","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810951","volume":"23","author":"S Binmama","year":"2022","unstructured":"Binmama, S. et al. Beta-Glucan from S. cerevisiae protected AOM-induced colon cancer in cGAS-deficient mice partly through Dectin-1-manipulated macrophage cell energy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 10951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms231810951 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"97593_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940935","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.940935","volume":"13","author":"W Chancharoenthana","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chancharoenthana, W. et al. Critical roles of sepsis-reshaped fecal Virota in attenuating sepsis severity. Front. Immunol. 13, 940935. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.940935 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"97593_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0181439","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181439","volume":"12","author":"W Panpetch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Panpetch, W. et al. Oral administration of live- or heat-killed Candida albicans worsened cecal ligation and puncture sepsis in a murine model possibly due to an increased serum (1\u21923)-\u03b2-D-glucan. PLoS One. 12, e0181439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0181439 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"97593_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000896","volume":"49","author":"W Panpetch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Panpetch, W. et al. Gastrointestinal colonization of Candida albicans increases serum (1\u21923)-\u03b2-D-glucan, without candidemia, and worsens cecal ligation and puncture sepsis in murine model. Shock 49, 62\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000896 (2018).","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"97593_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292016","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1292016","volume":"11","author":"J Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun, J., Zhao, P., Shi, Y. & Li, Y. Recent insight into the role of macrophage in alcohol-associated liver disease: a mini-review. Front. Cell. Dev. Biol. 11, 1292016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2023.1292016 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"97593_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7050","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137050","volume":"23","author":"W Panpetch","year":"2022","unstructured":"Panpetch, W. et al. Candida worsens Klebsiella pneumoniae induced-sepsis in a mouse model with low dose dextran sulfate solution through gut dysbiosis and enhanced inflammation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 7050. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23137050 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"97593_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0210798","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210798","volume":"14","author":"W Panpetch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Panpetch, W. et al. Oral Candida administration in a clostridium difficile mouse model worsens disease severity but is attenuated by bifidobacterium. PLoS One. 14, e0210798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0210798 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"97593_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20210328","volume":"135","author":"P Visitchanakun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Visitchanakun, P. et al. Increased susceptibility to dextran sulfate-induced mucositis of iron-overload \u03b2-thalassemia mice, another endogenous cause of septicemia in thalassemia. Clin. Sci. (Lond). 135, 1467\u20131486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/CS20210328 (2021).","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond)"},{"issue":"12","key":"97593_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15122695","volume":"15","author":"K Udompornpitak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Udompornpitak, K. et al. Polymeric particle BAM15 targeting macrophages attenuates the severity of LPS-induced sepsis: a proof of concept for specific immune cell-targeted therapy. Pharmaceutics 15 (12), 2695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics15122695 (2023).","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"97593_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840164","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.840164","volume":"12","author":"AW Day","year":"2022","unstructured":"Day, A. W. & Kumamoto, C. A. Gut Microbiome dysbiosis in alcoholism: consequences for health and recovery. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 12, 840164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.840164 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"97593_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2022.03.025","volume":"63","author":"HR Alpert","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alpert, H. R. et al. Alcohol consumption and 15 causes of fatal injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Prev. Med. 63, 286\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2022.03.025 (2022).","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"97593_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01187","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.01187-20","volume":"6","author":"W Panpetch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Panpetch, W. et al. Candida administration worsens uremia-induced gut leakage in bilateral nephrectomy mice, an impact of gut fungi and organismal molecules in uremia. mSystems 6, e01187\u2013e01120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mSystems.01187-20 (2021).","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"97593_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01462","volume":"10","author":"A Viola","year":"2019","unstructured":"Viola, A., Munari, F., S\u00e1nchez-Rodr\u00edguez, R., Scolaro, T. & Castegna, A. The metabolic signature of macrophage responses. Front. Immunol. 10, 1462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01462 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"97593_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i11.1304","volume":"16","author":"HJ Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang, H. J., Zakhari, S. & Jung, M. K. Alcohol, inflammation, and gut-liver-brain interactions in tissue damage and disease development. World J. Gastroenterol. 16, 1304\u20131313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v16.i11.1304 (2010).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"97593_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/s0741-8329(03)00025-9","volume":"29","author":"DJ Livy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Livy, D. J., Parnell, S. E. & West, J. R. Blood ethanol concentration profiles: a comparison between rats and mice. Alcohol 29, 165\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0741-8329(03)00025-9 (2003).","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"97593_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfab042","volume":"10","author":"SX Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, S. X., Du, Y. C. & Zeng, T. A mini-review of the rodent models for alcoholic liver disease: shortcomings, application, and future prospects. Toxicol. Res. (Camb). 10, 523\u2013530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxres\/tfab042 (2021).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res. (Camb)"},{"key":"97593_CR45","first-page":"77","volume":"24","author":"B Tabakoff","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tabakoff, B. & Hoffman, P. L. Animal models in alcohol research. Alcohol Res. Health. 24, 77\u201384 (2000).","journal-title":"Alcohol Res. Health"},{"key":"97593_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15081921","volume":"15","author":"M Lombardo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lombardo, M., Feraco, A., Camajani, E., Caprio, M. & Armani, A. Health effects of red wine consumption: a narrative review of an issue that still deserves debate. Nutrients 15, 1921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15081921 (2023).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"97593_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-023-00383-0","volume":"18","author":"J Manthey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Manthey, J. et al. Improving alcohol health literacy and reducing alcohol consumption: recommendations for Germany. Addict. Sci. Clin. Pract. 18, 28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13722-023-00383-0 (2023).","journal-title":"Addict. Sci. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"97593_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12227","volume":"58","author":"TL Martin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Martin, T. L. et al. A review of alcohol-impaired driving: the role of blood alcohol concentration and complexity of the driving task. J. Forensic Sci. 58, 1238\u20131250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.12227 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"97593_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673708","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.673708","volume":"12","author":"Y Kinashi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kinashi, Y. & Hase, K. Partners in leaky gut syndrome: intestinal dysbiosis and autoimmunity. Front. Immunol. 12, 673708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.673708 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"#cr-split#-97593_CR50.1","unstructured":"Paton, A. et al. Alcohol in the body. BMJ.330: 85-87. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.330.7482.85., Rapid synergistic biofilm production of Pseudomonas and Candida on the pulmonary cell surface and in mice, a possible cause of chronic mixed organismal lung lesions. Int J Mol Sci. 2022"},{"key":"#cr-split#-97593_CR50.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23: 9202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23169202. (2005).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169202"},{"key":"97593_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2010.499806","volume":"52","author":"A Ahmad","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ahmad, A., Anjum, F. M., Zahoor, T., Nawaz, H. & Dilshad, S. M. Beta glucan: a valuable functional ingredient in foods. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 52, 201\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2010.499806 (2012).","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"97593_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135414","volume":"71","author":"CR Raetz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Raetz, C. R. & Whitfield, C. Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 71, 635\u2013700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135414 (2002).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"97593_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2017.00056","volume":"4","author":"MFA Baxter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baxter, M. F. A. et al. Optimizing fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran measurement as a biomarker in a 24-h feed restriction model to induce gut permeability in broiler chickens. Front. Vet. Sci. 4, 56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2017.00056 (2017).","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"97593_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12675","volume":"101","author":"W Chancharoenthana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chancharoenthana, W. et al. Enhanced lupus progression in alcohol-administered Fc gamma receptor-IIb-deficiency lupus mice, partly through leaky gut-induced inflammation. Immunol. Cell. Biol. 101, 746\u2013765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imcb.12675 (2023).","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"97593_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-23-00606","volume":"20","author":"R Waksman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Waksman, R., Merdler, I., Case, B. C., Waksman, O. & Porto, I. Targeting inflammation in atherosclerosis: overview, strategy and directions. EuroIntervention 20, 32\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4244\/EIJ-D-23-00606 (2024).","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"97593_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15214-y","volume":"11","author":"P Pony","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pony, P., Rapisarda, C., Terradot, L., Marza, E. & Fronzes, R. Filamentation of the bacterial bi-functional alcohol\/aldehyde dehydrogenase adhe is essential for substrate channeling and enzymatic regulation. Nat. Commun. 11, 1426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-15214-y (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"97593_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.01022.x","volume":"33","author":"E Mutlu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mutlu, E. et al. Intestinal dysbiosis: a possible mechanism of alcohol-induced endotoxemia and alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 33, 1836\u20131846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.01022.x (2009).","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"97593_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00906","volume":"11","author":"BJ Parker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parker, B. J., Wearsch, P. A., Veloo, A. C. M. & Rodriguez-Palacios, A. The genus Alistipes: gut bacteria with emerging implications to inflammation, cancer, and mental health. Front. Immunol. 11, 906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00906 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"97593_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059148","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1059148","volume":"9","author":"MR Orr","year":"2022","unstructured":"Orr, M. R. The biodiversity dose-response curve translates theory and practice from ecological restoration into research and clinical priorities for fecal microbiota transplantation. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 9, 1059148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.1059148 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"97593_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05581-y","volume":"64","author":"P Amornphimoltham","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amornphimoltham, P., Yuen, P. S. T., Star, R. A. & Leelahavanichkul, A. Gut leakage of fungal-derived inflammatory mediators: part of a gut-liver-kidney axis in bacterial sepsis. Dig. Dis. Sci. 64, 2416\u20132428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-019-05581-y (2019).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"97593_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1159\/000516348","volume":"13","author":"CP Dang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dang, C. P. et al. BAM15, a mitochondrial uncoupling agent, attenuates inflammation in the LPS injection mouse model: an adjunctive anti-inflammation on macrophages and hepatocytes. J. Innate Immun. 13, 359\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000516348 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun."},{"key":"97593_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31917","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31917","volume":"6","author":"H Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang, H., Wang, X., Xiong, X. & Yin, Y. Energy metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells during maturation along the crypt-villus axis. Sci. Rep. 6, 31917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep31917 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"97593_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01836.x","volume":"36","author":"CP Chiang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chiang, C. P. et al. Expression pattern, ethanol-metabolizing activities, and cellular localization of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases in human small intestine. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 36, 2047\u20132058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01836.x (2012).","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"97593_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16539","volume":"39","author":"CH Kuo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kuo, C. H., Wu, L. L., Chen, H. P., Yu, J. & Wu, C. Y. Direct effects of alcohol on gut-epithelial barrier: unraveling the disruption of physical and chemical barrier of the gut-epithelial barrier that compromises the host-microbiota interface upon alcohol exposure. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 39, 1247\u20131255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.16539 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"97593_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1080\/13556219871949","volume":"3","author":"SN Wickramasinghe","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wickramasinghe, S. N. Ethanol metabolism by macrophages: possible role in organ damage. Addict. Biol. 3, 405\u2013412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13556219871949 (1998).","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"issue":"7","key":"97593_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-023-00839-5","volume":"20","author":"J Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, J. et al. The role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in cardiovascular disease. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 20 (7), 495\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41569-023-00839-5 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"97593_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865492","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.865492","volume":"13","author":"NL Morris","year":"2022","unstructured":"Morris, N. L., Michael, D. N., Crotty, K. M., Chang, S. S. & Yeligar, S. M. Alcohol-induced glycolytic shift in alveolar macrophages is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha. Front. Immunol. 13, 865492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.865492 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"97593_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242991","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1242991","volume":"14","author":"Y Xia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xia, Y. et al. Role of Glycolysis in inflammatory bowel disease and its associated colorectal cancer. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne). 14, 1242991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1242991 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"97593_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3350","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15327","volume":"287","author":"G Soto-Heredero","year":"2020","unstructured":"Soto-Heredero, G., G\u00f3mez de Las Heras, M. M., Gaband\u00e9-Rodr\u00edguez, E., Oller, J. & Mittelbrunn, M. Glycolysis - a key player in the inflammatory response. FEBS J. 287, 3350\u20133369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/febs.15327 (2020).","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"97593_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0309106","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0309106","volume":"19","author":"W Panpetch","year":"2024","unstructured":"Panpetch, W., Tumwasorn, S. & Leelahavanichkul, A. Presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in feces exacerbate leaky gut in mice with low dose dextran sulfate solution, impacts of specific bacteria. PLoS One. 19, e0309106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0309106 (2024).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"97593_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.09.005","volume":"133","author":"C Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, C. et al. Effects of different doses lipopolysaccharides on the mucosal barrier in mouse intestine. Res. Vet. Sci. 133, 75\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.09.005 (2020).","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"97593_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0261189","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261189","volume":"16","author":"W Panpetch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Panpetch, W. et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus attenuates Thai Chili extracts induced gut inflammation and dysbiosis despite capsaicin bactericidal effect against the probiotics, a possible toxicity of high dose capsaicin. PLoS One. 16 (12), e0261189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0261189 (2021).","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97593-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97593-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97593-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T09:12:42Z","timestamp":1745745162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97593-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["97593"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-97593-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The animal study was approved by the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University following National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria (protocol number 022\/2565).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics statement"}}],"article-number":"14710"}}