{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T16:20:17Z","timestamp":1794586817731,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Researchers Supporting Project","award":["RSPD2025R723"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSPD2025R723"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97859-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T13:06:10Z","timestamp":1759237570000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Development of 3D-printed Ti-MXene incorporated chitosan\/HAP nano-composite soft-bone scaffold and its mechanical, anti-biofilm and cell-viability studies"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ashwin","family":"Veerabathiran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok Kumar","family":"Subramania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mowsam","family":"Saikia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. S.","family":"Manikandamaharaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saradh Prasad","family":"Rajendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Duraisamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0855-752X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subramania","family":"Angaiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"97859_CR1","first-page":"18","volume":"32","author":"TA St John","year":"2003","unstructured":"St John, T. A. et al. Physical and monetary costs associated with autogenous bone graft harvesting. Am. J. Orthop. (Belle Mead NJ). 32 (1), 18\u201323 (2003).","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthop. (Belle Mead NJ)"},{"issue":"3","key":"97859_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870030-00008","volume":"70","author":"CF Lord","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lord, C. F., Gebhardt, M. C., Tomford, W. W. & Mankin, H. J. Infection in bone allografts. Incidence, nature, and treatment. J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. 70 (3), 369\u2013376 (1988).","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"97859_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Feng, P. et al. Structural and functional adaptive artificial bone: materials, fabrications, and properties. Adv. Funct. Mater. 33 (23). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.202214726 (2023).","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202214726"},{"key":"97859_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2023.105848","volume":"142","author":"W Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo, W. et al. 3D printed TPMS structural PLA\/GO scaffold: process parameter optimization, porous structure, mechanical and biological properties. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 142, 105848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2023.105848 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"issue":"15","key":"97859_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2023.05.137","volume":"49","author":"W Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo, W. et al. 3D printing of polylactic acid\/boron nitride bone scaffolds: mechanical properties, biomineralization ability and cell responses. Ceram. Int. 49 (15), 25886\u201325898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ceramint.2023.05.137 (2023).","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"97859_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.02.001","volume":"11","author":"S Naghieh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Naghieh, S. & Chen, X. Printability\u2013A key issue in extrusion-based Bioprinting. J. Pharm. Anal. 11 (5), 564\u2013579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.02.001 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Anal."},{"key":"97859_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.140508","volume":"303","author":"W Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo, W. et al. Chitosan microporous foam filled 3D printed polylactic acid-pearl macroporous scaffold: Dual-scale porous structure, biological and mechanical properties. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 303, 140508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.140508 (2025).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"97859_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoso.2020.100630","volume":"25","author":"J Adhikari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adhikari, J., Perwez, M. S., Das, A. & Saha, P. Development of hydroxyapatite reinforced alginate\u2013chitosan based printable biomaterial-ink. Nano-Structures Nano-Objects. 25, 100630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nanoso.2020.100630 (2021).","journal-title":"Nano-Structures Nano-Objects"},{"key":"97859_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medntd.2022.100205","volume":"17","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, Q. et al. 3D printing method for bone tissue engineering scaffold. Med. Nov Technol. Devices. 17, 100205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medntd.2022.100205 (2023).","journal-title":"Med. Nov Technol. Devices"},{"key":"97859_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmapro.2022.09.032","volume":"83","author":"SC Alt\u0131parmak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alt\u0131parmak, S. C., Yardley, V. A., Shi, Z. & Lin, J. Extrusion-based additive manufacturing technologies: state of the Art and future perspectives. J. Manuf. Process. 83, 607\u2013636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmapro.2022.09.032 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Process."},{"issue":"7","key":"97859_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4020","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c00115","volume":"9","author":"A Dubey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dubey, A., Vahabi, H. & Kumaravel, V. Antimicrobial and biodegradable 3D printed scaffolds for orthopedic infections. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 9 (7), 4020\u20134044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c00115 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"10","key":"97859_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26178","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026178","volume":"6","author":"SV Eleswarapu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Eleswarapu, S. V., Responte, D. J. & Athanasiou, K. A. Tensile properties, collagen content, and crosslinks in connective tissues of the immature knee joint. PLoS One. 6 (10), e26178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0026178 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"97859_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2024.04.025","volume":"39","author":"J Yuan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yuan, J. et al. Orthogonally woven 3D nanofiber scaffolds promote rapid soft tissue regeneration by enhancing bidirectional cell migration. Bioact. Mater. 39, 582\u2013594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2024.04.025 (2024).","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"97859_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pensa, N. W. et al. 3D printed mesh reinforcements enhance the mechanical properties of electrospun scaffolds. Biomater. Res. 23 (1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40824-019-0171-0 (2019).","DOI":"10.1186\/s40824-019-0171-0"},{"key":"97859_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2019.106006","volume":"79","author":"NM Ergul","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ergul, N. M. et al. 3D printing of Chitosan\/ poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel containing synthesized hydroxyapatite scaffolds for hard-tissue engineering. Polym. Test. 79, 106006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2019.106006 (2019).","journal-title":"Polym. Test."},{"key":"97859_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.201","volume":"204","author":"A Sadeghianmaryan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sadeghianmaryan, A. et al. Fabrication of Chitosan\/alginate\/hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffolds using 3D printing and impregnating techniques for potential cartilage regeneration. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 204, 62\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.201 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"97859_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thai, N. L. B. et al. Chitosan Poly(vinyl alcohol) methacrylate hydrogels for tissue engineering scaffolds. ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 21 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsabm.3c01209 (2024).","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.3c01209"},{"issue":"7","key":"97859_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071597","volume":"18","author":"F You","year":"2017","unstructured":"You, F., Eames, B. F. & Chen, X. Application of extrusion-based hydrogel bioprinting for cartilage tissue engineering. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18 (7), 1597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms18071597 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"23","key":"97859_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14505","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.4c02541","volume":"6","author":"W Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo, W. et al. Copper-loaded microporous Chitosan generated within a 3D-printed polylactic acid-pearl scaffold: structure and performance. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 6 (23), 14505\u201314517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsapm.4c02541 (2024).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Polym. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"97859_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1177\/0391398819876286","volume":"43","author":"\u017d Peri\u0107 Ka\u010darevi\u0107","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peri\u0107 Ka\u010darevi\u0107, \u017d. et al. An introduction to bone tissue engineering. Int. J. Artif. Organs. 43 (2), 69\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0391398819876286 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Organs"},{"key":"97859_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guo, W. et al. Ionic substitution through Bredigite doping for microstructure and performance adjustment in DLP 3D-printed TPMS porous HA bone scaffolds. Virtual Phys. Prototyp. 19 (1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17452759.2024.2423840 (2024).","DOI":"10.1080\/17452759.2024.2423840"},{"issue":"3","key":"97859_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.2174\/138920109787847538","volume":"10","author":"T Theman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Theman, T. & Collins, M. The role of the calcium-sensing receptor in bone biology and pathophysiology. Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. 10 (3), 289\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/138920109787847538 (2009).","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol."},{"key":"97859_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2015.10.062","volume":"59","author":"Y Bai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bai, Y. et al. Characterization, corrosion behavior, cellular response and in vivo bone tissue compatibility of titanium\u2013niobium alloy with low Young\u2019s modulus. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 59, 565\u2013576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msec.2015.10.062 (2016).","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"issue":"6","key":"97859_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"062011","DOI":"10.1088\/2631-7990\/ad7e5f","volume":"6","author":"P Feng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feng, P. et al. Mechanism and manufacturing of 4D printing: derived and beyond the combination of 3D printing and shape memory material. Int. J. Extreme Manuf. 6 (6), 062011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/2631-7990\/ad7e5f (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Extreme Manuf."},{"key":"97859_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.198","volume":"139","author":"V Perez-Puyana","year":"2019","unstructured":"Perez-Puyana, V., Jim\u00e9nez-Rosado, M., Romero, A. & Guerrero, A. Crosslinking of hybrid scaffolds produced from collagen and Chitosan. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 139, 262\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.198 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"3","key":"97859_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2019.10.057","volume":"46","author":"S Mondal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mondal, S. et al. Hydroxyapatite nano bioceramics optimized 3D printed Poly lactic acid scaffold for bone tissue engineering application. Ceram. Int. 46 (3), 3443\u20133455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ceramint.2019.10.057 (2020).","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"97859_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohd Pu\u2019ad,  N. A. S. et al. Synthesis method of hydroxyapatite: A review. Mater Today Proc. 29, 233\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matpr.2020.05.536 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2020.05.536"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"97859_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2006.05.018","volume":"430","author":"I Mobasherpour","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mobasherpour, I., Heshajin, M. S., Kazemzadeh, A. & Zakeri, M. Synthesis of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite by using precipitation method. J. Alloys Compd. 430 (1\u20132), 330\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jallcom.2006.05.018 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"issue":"11","key":"97859_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4745","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.4c00423","volume":"7","author":"AC Radjendirane","year":"2024","unstructured":"Radjendirane, A. C., Sha, M. & Balan, F. 3D-Polyacrylamide\/Ti-MXene: A newer hybrid hydrogel electrolyte featuring high mechanical strength and durability for flexible aqueous Zinc-Ion batteries. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 7 (11), 4745\u20134760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsaem.4c00423 (2024).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Energy Mater."},{"issue":"11","key":"97859_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5096","DOI":"10.3390\/app11115096","volume":"11","author":"A Deng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deng, A., Yang, Y. & Du, S. Tissue engineering 3D porous scaffolds prepared from electrospun Recombinant human collagen (RHC) polypeptides\/chitosan nanofibers. Appl. Sci. 11 (11), 5096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app11115096 (2021).","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"97859_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.180","volume":"164","author":"A Sadeghianmaryan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sadeghianmaryan, A. et al. Extrusion-based printing of Chitosan scaffolds and their in vitro characterization for cartilage tissue engineering. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 164, 3179\u20133192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.180 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"1","key":"97859_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/crat.201500143","volume":"51","author":"M Alexopoulou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alexopoulou, M. et al. Preparation, characterization and in vitro assessment of ibuprofen loaded calcium phosphate\/gypsum bone cements. Cryst. Res. Technol. 51 (1), 41\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crat.201500143 (2016).","journal-title":"Cryst. Res. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"97859_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201304138","volume":"26","author":"M Naguib","year":"2014","unstructured":"Naguib, M., Mochalin, V. N., Barsoum, M. W. & Gogotsi, Y. 25th anniversary Article: MXenes: A new family of two-dimensional materials. Adv. Mater. 26 (7), 992\u20131005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.201304138 (2014).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"97859_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81318-0","volume":"11","author":"G Hao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hao, G. et al. Physicochemical characteristics of Chitosan from swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) shells prepared by subcritical water pretreatment. Sci. Rep. 11 (1), 1646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-81318-0 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"97859_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2012.01.056","volume":"43","author":"MR Nikpour","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nikpour, M. R., Rabiee, S. M. & Jahanshahi, M. Synthesis and characterization of Hydroxyapatite\/chitosan nanocomposite materials for medical engineering applications. Compos. B Eng. 43 (4), 1881\u20131886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compositesb.2012.01.056 (2012).","journal-title":"Compos. B Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"97859_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.33292","volume":"100A","author":"R Pallela","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pallela, R., Venkatesan, J., Janapala, V. R. & Kim, S. Biophysicochemical evaluation of chitosan-hydroxyapatite\u2010marine sponge collagen composite for bone tissue engineering. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A. 100A (2), 486\u2013495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbm.a.33292 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"97859_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2017.09.008","volume":"329","author":"GC Gomes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gomes, G. C. et al. Nd:YAG (532 nm) pulsed laser deposition produces crystalline hydroxyapatite thin coatings at room temperature. Surf. Coat. Technol. 329, 174\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2017.09.008 (2017).","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"97859_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1039\/C6AY02348G","volume":"9","author":"G Bharath","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bharath, G., Latha, B. S., Alsharaeh, E. H., Prakash, P. & Ponpandian, N. Enhanced hydroxyapatite nanorods formation on graphene oxide nanocomposite as a potential candidate for protein adsorption, pH controlled release and an effective drug delivery platform for cancer therapy. Anal. Methods. 9 (2), 240\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C6AY02348G (2017).","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"issue":"10","key":"97859_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.3390\/catal10101140","volume":"10","author":"QTH Ta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ta, Q. T. H., Tran, N. M. & Noh, J. S. Rice Crust-Like ZnO\/Ti3C2Tx MXene hybrid structures for improved photocatalytic activity. Catalysts 10 (10), 1140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/catal10101140 (2020).","journal-title":"Catalysts"},{"key":"97859_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2015.11.117","volume":"187","author":"PC Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li, P. C. et al. Fabrication and characterization of Chitosan nanoparticle-incorporated quaternized poly(vinyl alcohol) composite membranes as solid electrolytes for direct methanol alkaline fuel cells. Electrochim. Acta. 187, 616\u2013628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.electacta.2015.11.117 (2016).","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"issue":"8","key":"97859_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(91)90028-9","volume":"12","author":"T Hanawa","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hanawa, T. & Ota, M. Calcium phosphate naturally formed on titanium in electrolyte solution. Biomaterials 12 (8), 767\u2013774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0142-9612(91)90028-9 (1991).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"9","key":"97859_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1002\/celc.201700345","volume":"4","author":"B Peng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peng, B., Xu, Y., Liu, K., Wang, X. & Mulder, F. M. High-performance and low\u2010cost sodium\u2010ion anode based on a facile black phosphorus\u2013carbon nanocomposite. ChemElectroChem 4 (9), 2140\u20132144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/celc.201700345 (2017).","journal-title":"ChemElectroChem"},{"issue":"1","key":"97859_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80799-9","volume":"11","author":"S Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar, S. et al. Supercapacitors based on Ti3C2Tx MXene extracted from supernatant and current collectors passivated by CVD-graphene. Sci. Rep. 11 (1), 649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-80799-9 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"97859_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2019.135546","volume":"334","author":"M Shi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shi, M. et al. 3D interpenetrating assembly of partially oxidized MXene confined Mn\u2013Fe bimetallic oxide for superior energy storage in ionic liquid. Electrochim. Acta. 334, 135546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.electacta.2019.135546 (2020).","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"issue":"3","key":"97859_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"035002","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ac5ffe","volume":"17","author":"X Mi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mi, X., Su, Z., Fu, Y., Li, S. & Mo, A. 3D printing of Ti 3 C 2 -MXene-incorporated composite scaffolds for accelerated bone regeneration. Biomed. Mater. 17 (3), 035002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-605X\/ac5ffe (2022).","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"issue":"6","key":"97859_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1089\/107632701753337645","volume":"7","author":"S Yang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yang, S., Leong, K. F., Du, Z. & Chua, C. K. The design of scaffolds for use in tissue engineering. Part I. Traditional factors. Tissue Eng. 7 (6), 679\u2013689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/107632701753337645 (2001).","journal-title":"Tissue Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"97859_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9020100","volume":"9","author":"M Krishani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Krishani, M., Shin, W. Y., Suhaimi, H. & Sambudi, N. S. Development of scaffolds from Bio-Based natural materials for tissue regeneration applications: A review. Gels 9 (2), 100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/gels9020100 (2023).","journal-title":"Gels"},{"issue":"26","key":"97859_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31643","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c05314","volume":"15","author":"J Isailovi\u0107","year":"2023","unstructured":"Isailovi\u0107, J. et al. Study of Chitosan-stabilized Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene for ultrasensitive and interference-free detection of gaseous H 2 O 2. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 15 (26), 31643\u201331651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.3c05314 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"9","key":"97859_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.3390\/mi13091383","volume":"13","author":"P Iravani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iravani, P., Iravani, S. & Varma, R. S. MXene-Chitosan composites and their biomedical potentials. Micromachines (Basel). 13 (9), 1383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mi13091383 (2022).","journal-title":"Micromachines (Basel)"},{"key":"97859_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126220","volume":"419","author":"G Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang, G. et al. Surface functionalization of MXene with Chitosan through in-situ formation of polyimidazoles and its adsorption properties. J. Hazard. Mater. 419, 126220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126220 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"6","key":"97859_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-012-4611-9","volume":"23","author":"A Zareidoost","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zareidoost, A., Yousefpour, M., Ghaseme, B. & Amanzadeh, A. The relationship of surface roughness and cell response of chemical surface modification of titanium. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 23 (6), 1479\u20131488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10856-012-4611-9 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"97859_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820290314","volume":"29","author":"JY Martin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Martin, J. Y. et al. Effect of titanium surface roughness on proliferation, differentiation, and protein synthesis of human osteoblast-like cells (MG63). J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 29 (3), 389\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbm.820290314 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res."},{"issue":"16","key":"97859_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TB00217C","volume":"5","author":"H Shao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shao, H. et al. 3D robocasting magnesium-doped Wollastonite\/TCP bioceramic scaffolds with improved bone regeneration capacity in critical sized calvarial defects. J. Mater. Chem. B. 5 (16), 2941\u20132951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7TB00217C (2017).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"97859_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10091","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S227830","volume":"14","author":"J Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Fu, Y. & Mo, A. Multilayered titanium carbide MXene film for guided bone regeneration. Int. J. Nanomed. 14 10091\u201310103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJN.S227830 (2019). <\\\/p>","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"issue":"4","key":"97859_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(03)00571-4","volume":"25","author":"M Jayaraman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jayaraman, M., Meyer, U., B\u00fchner, M., Joos, U. & Wiesmann, H. P. Influence of titanium surfaces on attachment of osteoblast-like cells in vitro. Biomaterials 25 (4), 625\u2013631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0142-9612(03)00571-4 (2004).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"4","key":"97859_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(99)00192-1","volume":"25","author":"K Hatano","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hatano, K. et al. Effect of surface roughness on proliferation and alkaline phosphatase expression of rat calvarial cells cultured on polystyrene. Bone 25 (4), 439\u2013445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S8756-3282(99)00192-1 (1999).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"97859_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lin, H., Wang, Y., Gao, S., Chen, Y. & Shi, J. Theranostic 2D tantalum carbide (MXene). Adv. Mater. 30 (4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.201703284 (2018).","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201703284"},{"key":"97859_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.111367","volume":"118","author":"Y Fu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fu, Y., Zhang, J., Lin, H. & Mo, A. 2D titanium carbide(MXene) nanosheets and 1D hydroxyapatite nanowires into free standing nanocomposite membrane: in vitro and in vivo evaluations for bone regeneration. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 118, 111367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msec.2020.111367 (2021).","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"97859_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2023.129532","volume":"464","author":"S Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, S. et al. Pulsed electrodeposition of MXenes\/HAp multiple biological functional coatings on 3D printed porous Ti-6Al-4V bone tissue engineering scaffold. Surf. Coat. Technol. 464, 129532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2023.129532 (2023).","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"issue":"6506","key":"97859_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba8311","volume":"369","author":"V Kamysbayev","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kamysbayev, V. et al. Covalent surface modifications and superconductivity of two-dimensional metal carbide MXenes. Sci. (1979). 369 (6506), 979\u2013983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aba8311 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. (1979)"},{"key":"97859_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Worku, A. K., Alemu, M. A., Ayele, D. W., Getie, M. Z. & Teshager, M. A. Recent advances in MXene-based materials for high-performance metal-air batteries. Green. Chem. Lett. Rev. 17 (1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17518253.2024.2325983 (2024).","DOI":"10.1080\/17518253.2024.2325983"},{"issue":"10","key":"97859_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3507","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.6b01275","volume":"28","author":"M Ghidiu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ghidiu, M. et al. Ion-Exchange and cation solvation reactions in Ti 3 C 2 MXene. Chem. Mater. 28 (10), 3507\u20133514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.chemmater.6b01275 (2016).","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"issue":"10","key":"97859_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13102347","volume":"13","author":"A Rozmys\u0142owska-Wojciechowska","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rozmys\u0142owska-Wojciechowska, A. et al. Engineering of 2D Ti3C2 MXene surface charge and its influence on biological properties. Materials 13 (10), 2347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma13102347 (2020).","journal-title":"Materials"},{"issue":"36","key":"97859_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31945","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c02772","volume":"7","author":"D Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, D., Li, T., Sun, W., Zhou, W. & Zhang, G. Magnetic Ti 3 C 2 MXene nanomaterials for doxorubicin adsorption from aqueous solutions: kinetic, isotherms, and thermodynamic studies. ACS Omega. 7 (36), 31945\u201331953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.2c02772 (2022).","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"19","key":"97859_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4792","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17194792","volume":"17","author":"N Parvin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Parvin, N., Kumar, V., Joo, S. W. & Mandal, T. K. Cutting-Edge hydrogel technologies in tissue engineering and biosensing: an updated review. Materials 17 (19), 4792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma17194792 (2024).","journal-title":"Materials"},{"issue":"1","key":"97859_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.9b01381","volume":"6","author":"C Dai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dai, C. et al. Three-dimensional high-porosity Chitosan\/Honeycomb porous carbon\/hydroxyapatite scaffold with enhanced osteoinductivity for bone regeneration. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 6 (1), 575\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.9b01381 (2020).","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"7","key":"97859_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9070523","volume":"9","author":"NH Thang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thang, N. H., Chien, T. B. & Cuong, D. X. Polymer-based hydrogels applied in drug delivery: an overview. Gels 9 (7), 523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/gels9070523 (2023).","journal-title":"Gels"},{"issue":"1","key":"97859_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7454\/psr.v2i1.3481","volume":"10","author":"F Ahmadi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ahmadi, F., Oveisi, Z., Samani, S. M. & Amoozgar, Z. Chitosan based hydrogels: characteristics and pharmaceutical applications. Res. Pharm. Sci. 10 (1), 1\u201316 (2015).","journal-title":"Res. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"97859_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2023.101095","volume":"21","author":"F Hong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hong, F. et al. Chitosan-based hydrogels: from preparation to applications, a review. Food Chem. X. 21, 101095. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fochx.2023.101095 (2024).","journal-title":"Food Chem. X"},{"issue":"1","key":"97859_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9010035","volume":"9","author":"K Thirupathi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thirupathi, K. et al. Update on Chitosan-based hydrogels: preparation, characterization, and its antimicrobial and antibiofilm applications. Gels 9 (1), 35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/gels9010035 (2022).","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"97859_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Echeverria Molina, M. I., Malollari, K. G. & Komvopoulos, K. Design challenges in polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 9 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2021.617141 (2021).","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.617141"},{"issue":"5","key":"97859_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2013.0452","volume":"20","author":"H Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Zhou, L. & Zhang, W. Control of scaffold degradation in tissue engineering: A review. Tissue Eng. Part. B Rev. 20 (5), 492\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ten.teb.2013.0452 (2014).","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part. B Rev."},{"issue":"18","key":"97859_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3714","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15183714","volume":"15","author":"A Ghosh Dastidar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ghosh Dastidar, A., Clarke, S. A., Larra\u00f1eta, E., Buchanan, F. & Manda, K. In vitro degradation of 3D-Printed Poly(L-lactide-Co-Glycolic Acid) scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Polym. (Basel). 15 (18), 3714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym15183714 (2023).","journal-title":"Polym. (Basel)"},{"issue":"9","key":"97859_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16091263","volume":"16","author":"S Tang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tang, S., Shen, Y., Jiang, L. & Zhang, Y. Surface modification of nano-hydroxyapatite\/polymer composite for bone tissue repair applications: A review. Polym. (Basel). 16 (9), 1263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym16091263 (2024).","journal-title":"Polym. (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"97859_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(03)00582-9","volume":"25","author":"Q Hu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hu, Q. Preparation and characterization of biodegradable Chitosan\/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite rods via in situ hybridization: a potential material as internal fixation of bone fracture. Biomaterials 25 (5), 779\u2013785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0142-9612(03)00582-9 (2004).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"10","key":"97859_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10419","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b06014","volume":"12","author":"N Driscoll","year":"2018","unstructured":"Driscoll, N. et al. Two-dimensional Ti 3 C 2 MXene for high-resolution neural interfaces. ACS Nano. 12 (10), 10419\u201310429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.8b06014 (2018).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"11","key":"97859_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq217","volume":"49","author":"W Hui","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hui, W. et al. Lithium protects cartilage from cytokine-mediated degradation by reducing collagen-degrading MMP production via Inhibition of the P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Rheumatology 49 (11), 2043\u20132053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq217 (2010).","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"97859_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.09.003","volume":"79","author":"A Barba","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barba, A. et al. Osteogenesis by foamed and 3D-printed nanostructured calcium phosphate scaffolds: effect of pore architecture. Acta Biomater. 79, 135\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.09.003 (2018).","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"97859_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.10.016","volume":"82","author":"MJ Gupte","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gupte, M. J. et al. Pore size directs bone marrow stromal cell fate and tissue regeneration in nanofibrous macroporous scaffolds by mediating vascularization. Acta Biomater. 82, 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.10.016 (2018).","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"1","key":"97859_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12010012","volume":"12","author":"Q Peng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peng, Q., Tang, X., Dong, W., Sun, N. & Yuan, W. A review of biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus and its regulation mechanism. Antibiotics 12 (1), 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics12010012 (2022).","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"11","key":"97859_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6585","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002794","volume":"186","author":"LR Thurlow","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thurlow, L. R. et al. Staphylococcus aureus biofilms prevent macrophage phagocytosis and attenuate inflammation in vivo. J. Immunol. 186 (11), 6585\u20136596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1002794 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"97859_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-021-00624-x","volume":"52","author":"MA Rather","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rather, M. A., Gupta, K. & Mandal, M. Microbial biofilm: formation, architecture, antibiotic resistance, and control strategies. Braz. J. Microbiol. 52 (4), 1701\u20131718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42770-021-00624-x (2021).","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"97859_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.02.002","volume":"116","author":"SB Lin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lin, S. B., Lin, Y. C. & Chen, H. H. Low molecular weight Chitosan prepared with the aid of cellulase, lysozyme and chitinase: characterisation and antibacterial activity. Food Chem. 116 (1), 47\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.02.002 (2009).","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"97859_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3674","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b00181","volume":"10","author":"K Rasool","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rasool, K. et al. Antibacterial Activity of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene. ACS Nano. 10 (3), 3674\u20133684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.6b00181 (2016).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"23","key":"97859_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6572","DOI":"10.1039\/D3NA00744H","volume":"5","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. Large-scale production of MXenes as nanoknives for antibacterial application. Nanoscale Adv. 5 (23), 6572\u20136581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D3NA00744H (2023).","journal-title":"Nanoscale Adv."},{"issue":"13","key":"97859_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2018.05.248","volume":"44","author":"S Mondal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mondal, S. et al. Nano-hydroxyapatite bioactive glass composite scaffold with enhanced mechanical and biological performance for tissue engineering application. Ceram. Int. 44 (13), 15735\u201315746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ceramint.2018.05.248 (2018).","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"97859_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mondal, S., Dorozhkin, S. V. & Pal, U. Recent progress on fabrication and drug delivery applications of nanostructured hydroxyapatite. WIREs Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol. 10 (4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wnan.1504 (2018).","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1504"},{"key":"97859_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ica.2012.06.027","volume":"393","author":"M Vila","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vila, M., S\u00e1nchez-Salcedo, S. & Vallet-Reg\u00ed, M. Hydroxyapatite foams for the immobilization of heavy metals: from waters to the human body. Inorg. Chim. Acta. 393, 24\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ica.2012.06.027 (2012).","journal-title":"Inorg. Chim. Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"97859_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-024-00689-6","volume":"10","author":"S Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu, S., Chen, W., Masson, A. & Li, Y. P. Cell signaling and transcriptional regulation of osteoblast lineage commitment, differentiation, bone formation, and homeostasis. Cell. Discov. 10 (1), 71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41421-024-00689-6 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell. Discov."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97859-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97859-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97859-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T01:02:41Z","timestamp":1759626161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-97859-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["97859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-97859-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Corresponding authors"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"33762"}}