{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:47:44Z","timestamp":1791316064289,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"This work was supported by the Chongqing medical scientific research project","award":["2025MSXM166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025MSXM166"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>This study aimed to compare a modified CT-guided technique incorporating intracystic lidocaine for pain control versus a conventional ultrasound-guided method for single-session ethanol sclerotherapy of simple hepatic cysts (SHCs), to seek refinements in technical strategies. 113 patients with SHCs underwent ethanol sclerotherapy between January 2019 and June 2023 at two centers. Center A utilized a modified CT-guided technique with intracystic lidocaine pre-injection into the cyst. Center B employed a conventional ultrasound-guided method with pigtail catheter drainage. Primary endpoints included pain during ethanol injection, procedural duration, and safety, while secondary endpoints assessed cyst volume reduction and symptom relief. 99 eligible patients (Center A\/B, n\u2009=\u200943\/56) were included in the analysis. The modified technique at Center A resulted in significantly lower median VAS scores (1.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2) compared to Center B (5.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) during ethanol injection. Ethanol exposure and procedural durations were also shorter at Center A (11.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6\u00a0min and 29.9\u2009\u00b1\u20094.3\u00a0min) than at Center B (20.5\u2009\u00b1\u20093.4\u00a0min and 40.6\u2009\u00b1\u20094.2\u00a0min; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). No complications were observed at Center A. Both centers achieved similar success rates in reducing cyst size and relieving symptoms at the 6-month follow-up. The modified CT-guided percutaneous single-session ethanol sclerotherapy technique for SHCs significantly reduces pain and procedural duration compared to the conventional method, with similar efficacy and safety profiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-98140-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T11:21:18Z","timestamp":1744888878000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of CT-guided intracystic lidocaine pre-injection versus conventional US-guided single-session ethanol sclerotherapy for simple hepatic cysts"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-xue","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-ning","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"98140_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1272\/jnms.JNMS.2022_89-115","volume":"89","author":"T Shimizu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shimizu, T. et al. Management of simple hepatic cyst. J. Nippon Med. Sch. 89(1), 2\u20138 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Nippon Med. Sch."},{"issue":"1","key":"98140_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-020-04821-1","volume":"25","author":"A Gomez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gomez, A. et al. Contemporary management of hepatic cyst disease: Techniques and outcomes at a tertiary hepatobiliary center. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 25(1), 77\u201384 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"98140_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2020.07.005","volume":"23","author":"A Furumaya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Furumaya, A. et al. Systematic review on percutaneous aspiration and sclerotherapy versus surgery in symptomatic simple hepatic cysts. HPB (Oxford) 23(1), 11\u201324 (2021).","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"issue":"2","key":"98140_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1155\/1994\/10372","volume":"8","author":"M Montorsi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Montorsi, M. et al. Percutaneous alcohol sclerotherapy of simple hepatic cysts. Results from a multicentre survey in Italy. HPB Surg. 8(2), 89\u201394 (1994).","journal-title":"HPB Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"98140_CR5","first-page":"869","volume":"73","author":"KS Jung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jung, K. S. et al. Effectiveness and safety of ethanol sclerotherapy for simple hepatic cysts: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Hepatol. 73(4), 869\u2013876 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"98140_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13051472","volume":"13","author":"R Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim, R. et al. Complete and incomplete alcohol sclerotherapy for treatment of symptomatic hepatic cysts: Comparison of volume reduction and clinical outcomes. J. Clin. Med. 13(5), 1472 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"98140_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737694","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.737694","volume":"9","author":"Z Mo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mo, Z. et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of single-session OK-432 and multiple-session 99% ethanol sclerotherapy for symptomatic simple hepatic cysts. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 9, 737694 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"1","key":"98140_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.16.16130","volume":"208","author":"TF Wijnands","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wijnands, T. F. et al. Efficacy and safety of aspiration sclerotherapy of simple hepatic cysts: A systematic review. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 208(1), 201\u2013207 (2017).","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"issue":"1","key":"98140_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W78","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4671","volume":"196","author":"XX Xu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xu, X. X. et al. CT-guided sclerotherapy with ethanol concentration monitoring for treatment of renal cysts. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 196(1), W78-82 (2011).","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"issue":"2","key":"98140_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.144.2.237","volume":"144","author":"WJ Bean","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bean, W. J. & Rodan, B. A. Hepatic cysts: Treatment with alcohol. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 144(2), 237\u2013241 (1985).","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"issue":"9","key":"98140_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-016-0769-9","volume":"41","author":"TB Larssen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Larssen, T. B. et al. Single-session alcohol sclerotherapy of symptomatic liver cysts using 10\u201320 min of ethanol exposure: No recurrence at 2\u201316 years of follow-up. Abdom. Radiol. (NY) 41(9), 1776\u20131781 (2016).","journal-title":"Abdom. Radiol. (NY)"},{"issue":"1","key":"98140_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5019","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61842-1","volume":"10","author":"H Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, H. et al. A painless and time-saving modified technique for simple renal cyst treatment with single-session ethanol sclerotherapy. Sci. Rep. 10(1), 5019 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. 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