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Therefore, there is an increasing need to identify novel biomarkers to better counsel patients about their treatment options. Microcalcifications offer one such avenue of exploration. Microfocus spectroscopy at the i18 beamline at Diamond Light Source was utilised to measure X-ray diffraction and fluorescence maps of calcifications in 10\u00a0\u00b5m thick formalin fixed paraffin embedded prostate sections. Calcifications predominantly consisted of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and whitlockite (WH). Kendall\u2019s Tau statistics showed weak correlations of \u2018a\u2019 and \u2018c\u2019 lattice parameters in HAP with GG (r<jats:sub>\u03c4<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.323, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093.43\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u20134<\/jats:sup> and r<jats:sub>\u03c4<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.227, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011 respectively), and a negative correlation of relative zinc levels in soft tissue (r<jats:sub>\u03c4<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.240, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.022) with GG. Negative correlations of the HAP \u2018a\u2019 axis (r<jats:sub>\u03c4<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.284, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.17\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u20133<\/jats:sup>) and WH \u2018c\u2019 axis (r<jats:sub>\u03c4<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.543, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.83\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u20134<\/jats:sup>) with pathological stage were also demonstrated. Prostate calcification chemistry has been revealed for the first time to correlate with clinical markers, highlighting the potential of calcifications as biomarkers of prostate cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-98692-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T05:50:27Z","timestamp":1745905827000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prostate microcalcification crystallography as a marker of pathology"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7034-6547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah B.","family":"Gosling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily L.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lois","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Cool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalotina","family":"Geraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark O.","family":"Kitchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iain D.","family":"Lyburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith D.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Snow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1332-3864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlene E.","family":"Greenwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"98692_CR1","unstructured":"Cancer Research UK. 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