{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T22:49:13Z","timestamp":1781736553707,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745712000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32060224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32060224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-99577-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T14:00:51Z","timestamp":1745762451000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Study on the preparation of sterile noble metal nanoparticles and hydrotalcite layered nanoparticles by innovative high pressure sterilization method"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renyin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongtong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihan","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"99577_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2022.121046","volume":"370","author":"MM El-Kady","year":"2023","unstructured":"El-Kady, M. M. et al. Nanomaterials: A comprehensive review of applications, toxicity, impact, and fate to environment. J. Mol. Liq. 370, 121046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molliq.2022.121046 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"99577_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/viw.20220056","author":"SM Asil","year":"2023","unstructured":"Asil, S. M. et al. Theranostic applications of multifunctional carbon nanomaterials. VIEW https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/viw.20220056 (2023).","journal-title":"VIEW"},{"key":"99577_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2023.109938","volume":"168","author":"S Uniyal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Uniyal, S., Choudhary, K., Sachdev, S. & Kumar, S. Nano-bio fusion: Advancing biomedical applications and biosensing with functional nanomaterials. Opt. Laser Technol. 168, 109938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.optlastec.2023.109938 (2024).","journal-title":"Opt. Laser Technol."},{"key":"99577_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01642-x","author":"L Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun, L. et al. Smart nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Signal. Transduct. Target. Therapy https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-023-01642-x (2023).","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Therapy"},{"key":"99577_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-021-03078-2","author":"CP Mandhata","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mandhata, C. P., Sahoo, C. R. & Padhy, R. N. Biomedical applications of biosynthesized gold nanoparticles from cyanobacteria: An overview. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-021-03078-2 (2022).","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"99577_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.112481","volume":"215","author":"A Mahmoudi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mahmoudi, A., Kesharwani, P., Majeed, M., Teng, Y. & Sahebkar, A. Recent advances in nanogold as a promising nanocarrier for curcumin delivery. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces. 215, 112481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.112481 (2022).","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"99577_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119830","volume":"310","author":"R Garg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garg, R. et al. Biomedical and catalytic applications of agri-based biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Environ. Pollut. 310, 119830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119830 (2022).","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut"},{"key":"99577_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15071596","author":"A Yusuf","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yusuf, A., Almotairy, A. R. Z., Henidi, H., Alshehri, O. Y. & Aldughaim, M. S. Nanoparticles as drug delivery systems: A review of the implication of nanoparticles\u2019 physicochemical properties on responses in biological systems. Polymers https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym15071596 (2023).","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"99577_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-022-03963-z","author":"R Sakthi Devi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sakthi Devi, R., Girigoswami, A., Siddharth, M. & Girigoswami, K. Applications of gold and silver nanoparticles in theranostics. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12010-022-03963-z (2022).","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"99577_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-021-05341-y","author":"S Krishnan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Krishnan, S. et al. Nanotechnology-based therapeutic formulations in the battle against animal coronaviruses: An update. J. Nanopart. Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11051-021-05341-y (2021).","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"99577_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d2cs00236a","author":"T Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu, T. et al. Layered double hydroxide-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d2cs00236a (2022).","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"99577_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2022.114451","volume":"188","author":"G Jing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jing, G. et al. Interference of layered double hydroxide nanoparticles with pathways for biomedical applications. Adv. Drug Deliv Rev. 188, 114451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addr.2022.114451 (2022).","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv Rev."},{"key":"99577_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.07.038","volume":"675","author":"S Xing","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xing, S. et al. NIR-triggered arsenic-loaded layered double hydroxide-based films for localized thermal synergistic chemotherapy. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 675, 857\u2013869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.07.038 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"99577_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.105115","volume":"90","author":"IM Doma\u0144ska","year":"2023","unstructured":"Doma\u0144ska, I. M. et al. The influence of electron beam and gamma irradiation on paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles of fully randomized copolymers in relation to potential sterilization. J. Drug Deliv Sci. Technol. 90, 105115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.105115 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv Sci. Technol."},{"key":"99577_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2024.113861","author":"A Vodyashkin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vodyashkin, A., Stoinova, A. & Kezimana, P. Promising biomedical systems based on copper nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and applications. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2024.113861 (2024).","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"99577_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105393","volume":"180","author":"GB Sekitmen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sekitmen, G. B., Su, E., G\u00fcr, S. D., \u0130de, S. & Okay, O. Sterilization studies of hydrogel nanocomposites designed for possible biomedical applications before in vivo research. React. Funct. Polym. 180, 105393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105393 (2022).","journal-title":"React. Funct. Polym."},{"key":"99577_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26072068","author":"SA Bernal-Ch\u00e1vez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bernal-Ch\u00e1vez, S. A. et al. Insights into terminal sterilization processes of nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Molecules https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26072068 (2021).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"99577_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122671","author":"SA Bento","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bento, S. A., Gaspar, C., Coimbra, M. C., de Sousa, P. & Braga, E. M. M. A review of conventional and emerging technologies for hydrogels sterilization. Int. J. Pharm. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122671 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"99577_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9579","DOI":"10.1021\/ac3024608","volume":"84","author":"Q Qian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Qian, Q. et al. Aspartic acid-promoted highly selective and sensitive colorimetric sensing of cysteine in rat brain. Anal. Chem. 84, 9579\u20139584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ac3024608 (2012).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"99577_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.02.005","volume":"150","author":"JE Conde-Gonzalez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Conde-Gonzalez, J. E. et al. Adsorption of silver nanoparticles from aqueous solution on copper-based metal organic frameworks (HKUST-1). Chemosphere 150, 659\u2013666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.02.005 (2016).","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"99577_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.047","volume":"69","author":"AM Youssef","year":"2014","unstructured":"Youssef, A. M., Abdel-Aziz, M. S. & El-Sayed, S. M. Chitosan nanocomposite films based on Ag-NP and Au-NP biosynthesis by Bacillus subtilis as packaging materials. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 69, 185\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.047 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"99577_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8142","DOI":"10.1039\/d2gc02592b","volume":"24","author":"M Darwish","year":"2022","unstructured":"Darwish, M. et al. Rapid synthesis of metal nanoparticles using low-temperature, low-pressure argon plasma chemistry and self-assembly. Green. Chem. 24, 8142\u20138154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d2gc02592b (2022).","journal-title":"Green. Chem."},{"key":"99577_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33632-y","author":"MH Moosavy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moosavy, M. H. et al. Green synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of gold and silver nanoparticles using Mentha spicata essential oil. Sci. Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-33632-y (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"99577_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.11.050","volume":"96","author":"R Nishanthi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nishanthi, R. et al. Green synthesis and characterization of bioinspired silver, gold and platinum nanoparticles and evaluation of their synergistic antibacterial activity after combining with different classes of antibiotics. Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl. 96, 693\u2013707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msec.2018.11.050 (2019).","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"99577_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11130","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.3c01719","volume":"11","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Preparation of Lignosulfonate@AgNPs colloidal nanocrystal clusters through in situ reduction, confined growth, and self-assembly. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 11, 11130\u201311139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acssuschemeng.3c01719 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"99577_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2020.01.023","volume":"358","author":"Q Jin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jin, Q. et al. Strong interaction between Au nanoparticles and porous polyurethane sponge enables efficient environmental catalysis with high reusability. Catal. Today. 358, 246\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cattod.2020.01.023 (2020).","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"99577_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00226-020-01258-2","volume":"55","author":"R Md Salim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Md Salim, R., Asik, J. & Sarjadi, M. S. Chemical functional groups of extractives, cellulose and lignin extracted from native Leucaena leucocephala bark. Wood Sci. Technol. 55, 295\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00226-020-01258-2 (2021).","journal-title":"Wood Sci. Technol."},{"key":"99577_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2021.12.033","volume":"33","author":"M Duan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duan, M. et al. Recent progress on preparation and applications of layered double hydroxides. Chin. Chem. Lett. 33, 4428\u20134436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cclet.2021.12.033 (2022).","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"99577_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3mh00717k","author":"SK Filippov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Filippov, S. K. et al. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy in drug delivery: A roadmap for correct characterization of nanoparticles and interpretation of results. Mater. Horiz. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d3mh00717k (2023).","journal-title":"Mater. Horiz"},{"key":"99577_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2020.03.052","volume":"572","author":"H Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, H., Hao, X., Liu, Y., Li, Y. & Jin, Z. Zn(x)Cd(1-x)S nanoparticles dispersed on CoAl-layered double hydroxide in 2D heterostructure for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 572, 62\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcis.2020.03.052 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"99577_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48236","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-14035-w","volume":"28","author":"J Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Q., Shang, J. & Deng, F. Enhanced adsorption properties of organic ZnCr-LDH synthesized by soft template method for anionic dyes. Environ. Sci. Pollut Res. Int. 28, 48236\u201348252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-14035-w (2021).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut Res. Int."},{"key":"99577_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16536","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c02737","volume":"13","author":"T Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, T., Shang, H., Zhang, B., Yan, D. & Xiang, X. Ag\/ultrathin-layered double hydroxide nanosheets induced by a self-redox strategy for highly selective CO(2) reduction. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 13, 16536\u201316544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.1c02737 (2021).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"99577_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-017-0134-8","volume":"9","author":"S Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li, S. et al. High-performance flexible asymmetric supercapacitor based on CoAl-LDH and rGO electrodes. Nanomicro Lett. 9, 31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40820-017-0134-8 (2017).","journal-title":"Nanomicro Lett."},{"key":"99577_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.01.081","volume":"362","author":"S Sanati","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sanati, S. & Rezvani, Z. g-C3N4 nanosheet@CoAl-layered double hydroxide composites for electrochemical energy storage in supercapacitors. Chem. Eng. J. 362, 743\u2013757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2019.01.081 (2019).","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"99577_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.11.009","volume":"83","author":"J Wen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wen, J. et al. Construction of a biodegradable, versatile nanocarrier for optional combination cancer therapy. Acta Biomater. 83, 359\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.11.009 (2019).","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"99577_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4872","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0584471","volume":"128","author":"Z Liu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liu, Z. et al. Synthesis, anion exchange, and delamination of Co-Al layered double hydroxide: Assembly of the exfoliated nanosheet\/polyanion composite films and magneto-optical studies. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 4872\u20134880 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"99577_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129352","volume":"437","author":"W Cheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheng, W. et al. Design anion regulated layered double hydroxide and explore its theoretical mechanism of immobilizing uranium. J. Hazard. Mater. 437, 129352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129352 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"99577_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16101410","author":"AF Burlec","year":"2023","unstructured":"Burlec, A. F. et al. Current overview of metal nanoparticles\u2019 synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications, with a focus on silver and gold nanoparticles. Pharmaceuticals https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph16101410 (2023).","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"99577_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2023.168720","volume":"939","author":"PA Calder\u00f3n Bedoya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Calder\u00f3n Bedoya, P. A., Botta, P. M., Bercoff, P. G. & Fanovich, M. A. Influence of the milling materials on the mechanochemical synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. J. Alloys Compd. 939, 168720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jallcom.2023.168720 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"99577_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2023.135505","volume":"1286","author":"M Farghadin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Farghadin, M., Haghighi, R. D., Hosseinabadi, N. & Jafari, E. Hydrothermal synthesis of multiferroics ferrite bismuth nanoparticles with lanthanum and barium: Structural and magnetic properties investigation. J. Mol. Struct. 1286, 135505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molstruc.2023.135505 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"99577_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2023.09.291","volume":"27","author":"S Kumari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumari, S. et al. A comprehensive review on various techniques used for synthesizing nanoparticles. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 27, 1739\u20131763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmrt.2023.09.291 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"99577_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119755","volume":"309","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang, Y. et al. Green synthesis of metal-based nanoparticles for sustainable agriculture. Environ. Pollut. 309, 119755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119755 (2022).","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut"},{"key":"99577_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030203","volume":"10","author":"FHL Starsich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Starsich, F. H. L., Herrmann, I. K. & Pratsinis, S. E. Nanoparticles for biomedicine: Coagulation during synthesis and applications. Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng. 10, 155\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030203 (2019).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng."},{"key":"99577_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jamkhande, P. G., Ghule, N. W., Bamer, A. H. & Kalaskar, M. G. Metal nanoparticles synthesis: An overview on methods of preparation, advantages and disadvantages, and applications. J. Drug Deliv Sci. Technol. 53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jddst.2019.101174 (2019).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2019.101174"},{"key":"99577_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64434","DOI":"10.1039\/c6ra10355c","volume":"6","author":"Y Dong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dong, Y., Wen, B., Chen, Y., Cao, P. & Zhang, C. Autoclave-free facile approach to the synthesis of highly tunable nanocrystal clusters for magnetic responsive photonic crystals. RSC Adv. 6, 64434\u201364440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c6ra10355c (2016).","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"99577_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.2c01557","author":"J Johny","year":"2022","unstructured":"Johny, J. et al. Impact of sterilization on the colloidal stability of ligand-free gold nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Langmuir https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.langmuir.2c01557 (2022).","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"99577_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c01299","author":"H Yuan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yuan, H. et al. Clinical applicable carboxymethyl Chitosan with gel-forming and stabilizing properties based on terminal sterilization methods of electron beam irradiation. ACS Omega. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.4c01299 (2024).","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"99577_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122671","volume":"634","author":"SA Bento","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bento, S. A., Gaspar, C., Coimbra, M. C., de Sousa, P., Braga, E. M. & H. C. & A review of conventional and emerging technologies for hydrogels sterilization. Int. J. Pharm. 634, 122671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122671 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"99577_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.200901006","volume":"6","author":"A Franca","year":"2010","unstructured":"Franca, A. et al. Sterilization matters: Consequences of different sterilization techniques on gold nanoparticles. Small 6, 89\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.200901006 (2010).","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"99577_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3cy01392h","author":"C Negri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Negri, C. et al. Operando UV-vis spectroscopy for real-time monitoring of nanoparticle size in reaction conditions: A case study on rWGS over Au nanoparticles. Catal. Sci. Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d3cy01392h (2024).","journal-title":"Catal. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"99577_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12871","DOI":"10.1039\/c8nr02278j","volume":"10","author":"S Mourdikoudis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mourdikoudis, S., Pallares, R. M. & Thanh, N. T. K. Characterization techniques for nanoparticles: Comparison and complementarity upon studying nanoparticle properties. Nanoscale 10, 12871\u201312934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c8nr02278j (2018).","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"99577_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-024-02994-6","author":"S Khan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khan, S. et al. Green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles in Callistemon viminalis extracts and their antimicrobial activities. Bioprocess. Biosyst Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00449-024-02994-6 (2024).","journal-title":"Bioprocess. Biosyst Eng."},{"key":"99577_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4112","author":"I Ullah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ullah, I. et al. Peganum harmala L. extract-based gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs): Green synthesis, characterization, and assessment of antibacterial and antifungal properties. Food Sci. Nutr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.4112 (2024).","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"99577_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2015.01.021","volume":"141","author":"S Babay","year":"2015","unstructured":"Babay, S., Bulou, A., Mercier, A. M. & Toumi, M. The decomposition of the layered double hydroxides of Co and Al: Phase segregation of a new single phase spinel oxide. Spectrochim Acta Part. Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 141, 80\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.saa.2015.01.021 (2015).","journal-title":"Spectrochim Acta Part. Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"99577_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcat.2022.112160","volume":"520","author":"C Wan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wan, C. et al. Hydrotalcite-derived aluminum-doped cobalt oxides for catalytic benzene combustion: Effect of calcination atmosphere. Mol. Catal. 520, 112160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcat.2022.112160 (2022).","journal-title":"Mol. Catal."},{"key":"99577_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/app.54459","author":"JJ Ju","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ju, J. J. et al. Anti-corrosion improvement of epoxy coating by the synergistic effect of barrier shielding and slow-release based on phytic acid intercalated hydrotalcite. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/app.54459 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-99577-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-99577-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-99577-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T14:00:51Z","timestamp":1745762451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-99577-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["99577"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-99577-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"14711"}}