{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T03:11:23Z","timestamp":1793502683236,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-35005-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T20:42:51Z","timestamp":1767732171000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The red cell distribution width to albumin ratio as a novel predictor of 180-day mortality in lung cancer patients"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangdong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"35005_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","volume":"74","author":"F Bray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bray, F. et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. Cancer J. Clin. 74 (3), 229\u2013263 (2024).","journal-title":"Cancer J. Clin."},{"issue":"10299","key":"35005_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00312-3","volume":"398","author":"AA Thai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thai, A. A. et al. Lung cancer. Lancet 398 (10299), 535\u2013554 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"35005_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","volume":"68","author":"F Bray","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bray, F. et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. Cancer J. Clin. 68 (6), 394\u2013424 (2018).","journal-title":"Cancer J. Clin."},{"issue":"9","key":"35005_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00798-3","volume":"20","author":"A Leiter","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leiter, A., Veluswamy, R. R. & Wisnivesky, J. P. The global burden of lung cancer: current status and future trends. Nat. Reviews Clin. Oncol. 20 (9), 624\u2013639 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Reviews Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"10066","key":"35005_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30958-8","volume":"389","author":"FR Hirsch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hirsch, F. R. et al. Lung cancer: current therapies and new targeted treatments. Lancet 389 (10066), 299\u2013311 (2017).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"35005_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2020.02.005","volume":"26","author":"R Pirker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pirker, R. Conquering lung cancer: current status and prospects for the future. Pulmonology 26 (5), 283\u2013290 (2020).","journal-title":"Pulmonology"},{"issue":"14","key":"35005_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.40.0846","volume":"30","author":"CG Slatore","year":"2012","unstructured":"Slatore, C. G. et al. Intensive care unit outcomes among patients with lung cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and end Results\u2013Medicare registry. J. Clin. Oncol. 30 (14), 1686\u20131691 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"12","key":"35005_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-009-1625-y","volume":"35","author":"S Roques","year":"2009","unstructured":"Roques, S. et al. Six-month prognosis of patients with lung cancer admitted to the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med. 35 (12), 2044\u20132050 (2009).","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"35005_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2244","volume":"131","author":"M Soares","year":"2007","unstructured":"Soares, M. et al. Prognosis of lung cancer patients with Life-Threatening complications. Chest 131 (3), 840\u2013846 (2007).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"35005_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2022.08.002","volume":"86","author":"X Yin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yin, X. et al. Artificial intelligence-based prediction of clinical outcome in immunotherapy and targeted therapy of lung cancer. Sem. Cancer Biol. 86, 146\u2013159 (2022).","journal-title":"Sem. Cancer Biol."},{"issue":"10","key":"35005_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.1077","volume":"325","author":"R Meza","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meza, R. et al. Evaluation of the benefits and harms of lung cancer screening with Low-Dose computed tomography: modeling study for the US preventive services task force. JAMA 325 (10), 988\u2013997 (2021).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"35005_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sculier, J. P. et al. Scoring systems in cancer patients admitted for an acute complication in a medical intensive care unit. Crit. Care Med. 28 (8). (2000).","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200008000-00018"},{"issue":"6","key":"35005_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2012.04.018","volume":"27","author":"M C\u00e1rdenas-Turanzas","year":"2012","unstructured":"C\u00e1rdenas-Turanzas, M. et al. Cross-validation of a sequential organ failure assessment score\u2013based model to predict mortality in patients with cancer admitted to the intensive care unit. J. Crit. Care. 27 (6), 673\u2013680 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Crit. Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"35005_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.27671","volume":"46","author":"H Morimoto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Morimoto, H. et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio associates with nutritional parameters, intratumoral immune profiles, and clinical outcomes of pembrolizumab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck. 46 (8), 1956\u20131964 (2024).","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"1","key":"35005_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-025-13972-w","volume":"25","author":"J Peng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Peng, J. et al. Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving curative therapies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer. 25 (1), 571 (2025).","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"35005_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01817-1","volume":"18","author":"MA Cupp","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cupp, M. A. et al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and cancer prognosis: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. BMC Med. 18 (1), 360 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"35005_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2147\/HMER.S333980","volume":"13","author":"AK Mahassadi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mahassadi, A. K., Anzouan-Kacou, H., Kissi & Attia, A. K. The prognostic values of Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte ratio at baseline in predicting the In-hospital mortality in black African patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in palliative treatment: A comparative cohort study. Hepat. Med. 13, 123\u2013134 (2021).","journal-title":"Hepat. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"35005_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15717","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72585-4","volume":"10","author":"B Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song, B. et al. Utility of red cell distribution width as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in non-small cell lung cancer. Sci. Rep. 10 (1), 15717 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"35005_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2023.2192047","volume":"55","author":"CL Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, C. L. et al. Research progress and value of albumin-related inflammatory markers in the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer: a review of clinical evidence. Ann. Med. 55 (1), 1294\u20131307 (2023).","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"35005_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2009.07.024","volume":"158","author":"Z F\u00f6rh\u00e9cz","year":"2009","unstructured":"F\u00f6rh\u00e9cz, Z. et al. Red cell distribution width in heart failure: prediction of clinical events and relationship with markers of ineffective erythropoiesis, inflammation, renal function, and nutritional state. Am. Heart J. 158 (4), 659\u2013666 (2009).","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"issue":"1","key":"35005_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.06.025","volume":"51","author":"FR Greten","year":"2019","unstructured":"Greten, F. R. & Grivennikov, S. I. Inflammation and cancer: Triggers, Mechanisms, and consequences. Immunity 51 (1), 27\u201341 (2019).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"35005_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitch William, E. & Goldberg Alfred, L. Mechanisms of muscle wasting \u2014 The role of the ubiquitin\u2013proteasome pathway. N. Engl. J. Med. 335 (25), 1897\u20131905.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199612193352507"},{"issue":"8","key":"35005_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4914(03)00138-2","volume":"9","author":"DJ Glass","year":"2003","unstructured":"Glass, D. J. Molecular mechanisms modulating muscle mass. Trends Mol. Med. 9 (8), 344\u2013350 (2003).","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"35005_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2663-7","volume":"23","author":"S Lambden","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lambden, S. et al. The SOFA score-development, utility and challenges of accurate assessment in clinical trials. Crit. Care. 23 (1), 374 (2019).","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"35005_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.01.085","volume":"104","author":"S Okada","year":"2017","unstructured":"Okada, S. et al. Clinical significance of prognostic nutritional index after surgical treatment in lung cancer. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 104 (1), 296\u2013302 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"35005_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13032","volume":"13","author":"M Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song, M. et al. The advanced lung cancer inflammation index is the optimal inflammatory biomarker of overall survival in patients with lung cancer. J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 13 (5), 2504\u20132514 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"7","key":"35005_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-023-03418-2","volume":"72","author":"J Jin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jin, J. et al. MIP3\u03b1 as an early prognostic predictor for patients with B-cell malignancies receiving CD19\/CD22-redirected CAR-T cell cocktail therapy. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 72 (7), 2245\u20132256 (2023).","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother"},{"issue":"1","key":"35005_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14262","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93545-6","volume":"11","author":"S Er","year":"2021","unstructured":"Er, S., Yang, S. & Zhao, T. COUnty aggregation mixup augmentation (COURAGE) COVID-19 prediction. Sci. Rep. 11 (1), 14262 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"35005_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20110340","volume":"122","author":"M Mihara","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mihara, M. et al. IL-6\/IL-6 receptor system and its role in physiological and pathological conditions. Clin. Sci. (Lond). 122 (4), 143\u2013159 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond)"},{"issue":"2","key":"35005_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(88)80766-X","volume":"232","author":"JV Castell","year":"1988","unstructured":"Castell, J. V. et al. Recombinant human interleukin-6 (IL-6\/BSF-2\/HSF) regulates the synthesis of acute phase proteins in human hepatocytes. FEBS Lett. 232 (2), 347\u2013350 (1988).","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"35005_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830180513","volume":"18","author":"T Andus","year":"1988","unstructured":"Andus, T. et al. Action of Recombinant human Interleukin 6, Interleukin 1\u03b2 and tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 on the mRNA induction of acute-phase proteins. Eur. J. Immunol. 18 (5), 739\u2013746 (1988).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"35005_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019502","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1019502","volume":"9","author":"W Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu, W. et al. Association between red blood cell distribution width to albumin ratio and prognosis of patients with sepsis: A retrospective cohort study. Front. Nutr. 9, 1019502 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"35005_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.14628","volume":"11","author":"P Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou, P. et al. Association between red blood cell distribution width-to-albumin ratio and prognosis in non-ischaemic heart failure. ESC Heart Fail. 11 (2), 1110\u20131120 (2024).","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35005-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35005-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35005-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T09:11:32Z","timestamp":1770196292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35005-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["35005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-35005-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The use of the MIMIC-IV database for this study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC IRB) under protocol number 2001P-001699\/14. The requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Institutional Review Board, as the study involved analysis of de-identified, publicly available data and posed minimal risk to participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics statement"}}],"article-number":"4773"}}