{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T20:06:22Z","timestamp":1772136382535,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-35059-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T15:34:39Z","timestamp":1767972879000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk factors for electrographic seizures in infants after cardiac surgery and their association with outcomes: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Ranucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Mastrangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Sperandeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Lodovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rossana","family":"Lamastra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Aloisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Anguissola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Barbaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Rita","family":"Capizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Giamberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Isgr\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"35059_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.06.048","volume":"202","author":"NHP Claessens","year":"2018","unstructured":"Claessens, N. H. P. et al. Amplitude-Integrated electroencephalography for early recognition of brain injury in neonates with critical congenital heart disease. J. Pediatr. 202, 199\u2013205e1 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"35059_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-9091(99)80043-6","volume":"6","author":"G Miller","year":"1999","unstructured":"Miller, G. & Vogel, H. Structural evidence of injury or malformation in the brains of children with congenital heart disease. Semin Pediatr. Neurol. 6, 20\u201326 (1999).","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"35059_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13747","volume":"60","author":"NHP Claessens","year":"2018","unstructured":"Claessens, N. H. P. et al. Perioperative neonatal brain injury is associated with worse school-age neurodevelopment in children with critical congenital heart disease. Dev. Med. Child. Neurol. 60, 1052\u20131058 (2018).","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child. Neurol."},{"key":"35059_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.06.050","volume":"178","author":"B Latal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Latal, B. et al. Postoperative Amplitude-Integrated electroencephalography predicts Four-Year neurodevelopmental outcome in children with complex congenital heart disease. J. Pediatr. 178, 55\u201360e1 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"35059_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.575167","volume":"41","author":"KM Brady","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brady, K. M. et al. Monitoring cerebral blood flow pressure autoregulation in pediatric patients during cardiac surgery. Stroke 41, 1957\u20131962 (2010).","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"35059_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14555","volume":"32","author":"J Zipfel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zipfel, J. et al. Identifying the optimal blood pressure for cerebral autoregulation in infants after cardiac surgery by monitoring cerebrovascular reactivity-A pilot study. Paediatr. Anaesth. 32, 1320\u20131329 (2022).","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"35059_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3420","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.02.054","volume":"34","author":"E Finucane","year":"2020","unstructured":"Finucane, E., Jooste, E. & Machovec, K. A. Neuromonitoring modalities in pediatric cardiac anesthesia: A review of the literature. J. Cardiothorac. Vasc Anesth. 34, 3420\u20133428 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Cardiothorac. Vasc Anesth."},{"key":"35059_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(97)70049-7","volume":"114","author":"AA Zimmerman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zimmerman, A. A., Burrows, F. A., Jonas, R. A. & Hickey, P. R. The limits of detectable cerebral perfusion by transcranial doppler sonography in neonates undergoing deep hypothermic low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 114, 594\u2013600 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"35059_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2023.10.026","volume":"16","author":"J Hsia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hsia, J. et al. Incidence of postoperative seizures in neonates following cardiac surgery with regional cerebral perfusion and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. JTCVS Open. 16, 771\u2013783 (2023).","journal-title":"JTCVS Open."},{"key":"35059_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.3.592","volume":"111","author":"RR Clancy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Clancy, R. R. et al. Risk of seizures in survivors of newborn heart surgery using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Pediatrics 111, 592\u2013601 (2003).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"35059_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1294","volume":"118","author":"DK Shah","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shah, D. K. et al. Use of 2-channel bedside electroencephalogram monitoring in term-born encephalopathic infants related to cerebral injury defined by magnetic resonance imaging. Pediatrics 118, 47\u201355 (2006).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"35059_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073807306258","volume":"22","author":"RE Spitzmiller","year":"2007","unstructured":"Spitzmiller, R. E., Phillips, T., Meinzen-Derr, J. & Hoath, S. B. Amplitude-integrated EEG is useful in predicting neurodevelopmental outcome in full-term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a meta-analysis. J. Child. Neurol. 22, 1069\u20131078 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Child. Neurol."},{"key":"35059_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2005.02.065","volume":"130","author":"JW Gaynor","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gaynor, J. W. et al. Increasing duration of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest is associated with an increased incidence of postoperative electroencephalographic seizures. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 130, 1278\u20131286 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"35059_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.8.773","volume":"97","author":"LA Rappaport","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rappaport, L. A. et al. Relation of seizures after cardiac surgery in early infancy to neurodevelopmental outcome. Boston circulatory arrest study group. Circulation 97, 773\u2013779 (1998).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"35059_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.5.1082","volume":"105","author":"WT Mahle","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mahle, W. T. et al. Neurodevelopmental outcome and lifestyle assessment in school-aged and adolescent children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Pediatrics 105, 1082\u20131089 (2000).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"35059_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2020.05.157","volume":"111","author":"MY Naim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Naim, M. Y. et al. Development and validation of a seizure prediction model in neonates after cardiac surgery. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 111, 2041\u20132048 (2021).","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"35059_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2011.08.014","volume":"93","author":"JK Gunn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gunn, J. K. et al. Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography and brain injury in infants undergoing Norwood-type operations. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 93, 170\u2013176 (2012).","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"35059_CR18","first-page":"2879","volume":"20","author":"J Gui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gui, J. et al. Effect of perioperative amplitude-integrated electroencephalography on neurodevelopmental outcomes following infant heart surgery. Exp. Ther. Med. 20, 2879\u20132887 (2020).","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"35059_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000001120","volume":"42","author":"CJ Wusthoff","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wusthoff, C. J. et al. The American clinical neurophysiology society guideline on indications for continuous electroencephalography monitoring in neonates. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 42, 1\u201311 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"35059_CR20","first-page":"37","volume":"1","author":"S Meyer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meyer, S. et al. The role of EEG recordings in children undergoing cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease. J. Pediatr. Intensive Care. 1, 37\u201341 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Intensive Care"},{"key":"35059_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.01.012","volume":"132","author":"R Dilena","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dilena, R. et al. Consensus protocol for EEG and amplitude-integrated EEG assessment and monitoring in neonates. Clin. Neurophysiol. 132, 886\u2013903 (2021).","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"35059_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0b013e3182872b24","volume":"30","author":"TN Tsuchida","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tsuchida, T. N. et al. American clinical neurophysiology society standardized EEG terminology and categorization for the description of continuous EEG monitoring in neonates: report of the American clinical neurophysiology society critical care monitoring committee. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 30, 161\u2013173 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"35059_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1987.tb03685.x","volume":"28","author":"RR Clancy","year":"1987","unstructured":"Clancy, R. R. & Legido, A. The exact ictal and interictal duration of electroencephalographic neonatal seizures. Epilepsia 28, 537\u2013541 (1987).","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"35059_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-8914-1_1","volume":"813","author":"RS Fisher","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fisher, R. S., Scharfman, H. E. & deCurtis, M. How can we identify ictal and interictal abnormal activity? Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 813, 3\u201323 (2014).","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"35059_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0b013e3182872932","volume":"30","author":"CJ Wusthoff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wusthoff, C. J. Diagnosing neonatal seizures and status epilepticus. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 30, 115\u2013121 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"35059_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.036","volume":"79","author":"P Allen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Allen, P. et al. Risk stratification for congenital heart surgery for ICD-10 administrative data (RACHS-2). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 79, 465\u2013478 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"35059_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2432","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018010090","volume":"29","author":"X Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu, X. et al. A new criterion for pediatric AKI based on the reference change value of serum creatinine. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 29, 2432\u20132442 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"35059_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2608-y","volume":"38","author":"JK Gunn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gunn, J. K., Beca, J., Hunt, R. W., Olischar, M. & Shekerdemian, L. S. Perioperative amplitude-integrated EEG and neurodevelopment in infants with congenital heart disease. Intensive Care Med. 38, 1539\u20131547 (2012).","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"35059_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.04.042","volume":"131","author":"R Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin, R. et al. Perioperative EEG background and discharge abnormalities in children undergoing cardiac surgery: a prospective single-centre observational study. Br. J. Anaesth. 131, 360\u2013372 (2023).","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"35059_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000890","volume":"40","author":"A Chahine","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chahine, A. et al. Continuous Amplitude-Integrated electroencephalography during neonatal and pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 40, 317\u2013324 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"35059_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001067","volume":"18","author":"JJ Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin, J. J. et al. Electrographic seizures in children and neonates undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Pediatr. Crit. Care Med. 18, 249\u2013257 (2017).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"35059_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04293-6","volume":"27","author":"JG Kohne","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kohne, J. G., MacLaren, G., Shellhaas, R. A., Benedetti, G. & Barbaro, R. P. Variation in electroencephalography and neuroimaging for children receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Crit. Care. 27, 23 (2023).","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"35059_CR33","first-page":"CD013546","volume":"11","author":"AA Rakshasbhuvankar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rakshasbhuvankar, A. A., Nagarajan, L., Zhelev, Z. & Rao, S. C. Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography compared with conventional video-electroencephalography for detection of neonatal seizures. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 11(8), CD013546 (2025).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"35059_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-023-01836-9","volume":"40","author":"D Hanalioglu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hanalioglu, D. et al. Neurophysiologic features reflecting brain injury during pediatric ECMO support. Neurocrit Care. 40, 759\u2013768 (2024).","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"35059_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-024-03484-x","volume":"97","author":"AC Pardo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pardo, A. C. et al. Newborn brain Society, guidelines and publications Committee. Neuromonitoring practices for neonates with congenital heart disease: a scoping review. Pediatr. Res. 97, 1492\u20131506 (2025).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35059-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35059-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35059-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T09:59:27Z","timestamp":1770199167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35059-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["35059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-35059-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7867114\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of Ospedale San Raffaele (CET331-2025) and, given the retrospective nature, written informed consent was waived.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"4912"}}