{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T22:49:42Z","timestamp":1770331782085,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768003200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-35097-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T12:25:10Z","timestamp":1768047910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interactive dynamic modulation of antidepressant treatment response by serum interleukin-1\u03b2 and Neuroticism at 12\u00a0weeks"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yoo-Chae","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Gil","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ju-Wan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee-Ju","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Jhon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ju-Yeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Wan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Il-Seon","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7409-6306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae-Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"35097_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12346","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62381-9","volume":"14","author":"J Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, J., Liu, Y., Ma, W., Tong, Y. & Zheng, J. Temporal and spatial trend analysis of all-cause depression burden based on global burden of disease (GBD) 2019 study. Sci. Rep. 14 (1), 12346 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"35097_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2021.19.3.490","volume":"19","author":"HY Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim, H. Y. et al. Predictors of remission in acute and continuation treatment of depressive disorders. Clin. Psychopharmacol. Neurosci. 19 (3), 490\u2013497 (2021).","journal-title":"Clin. Psychopharmacol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"35097_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721004943","volume":"52","author":"AJ Rush","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rush, A. J. et al. Clinical research challenges posed by difficult-to-treat depression. Psychol. Med. 52 (3), 419\u2013432 (2022).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"35097_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.1.28","volume":"163","author":"MH Trivedi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Trivedi, M. H. et al. Evaluation of outcomes with citalopram for depression using measurement-based care in STAR*D: implications for clinical practice. Am. J. Psychiatr. 163 (1), 28\u201340 (2006).","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"35097_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/984845","volume":"35","author":"C Labermaie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Labermaie, C., Masana, M. & M\u00fcller, M. B. Biomarkers predicting antidepressant treatment response: how can we advance the field?. Dis. Markers 35 (1), 23\u201331 (2013).","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"issue":"2","key":"35097_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0474-5","volume":"25","author":"JJ Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, J. J. et al. Peripheral cytokine levels and response to antidepressant treatment in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol. Psychiatr. 25 (2), 339\u2013350 (2020).","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"35097_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1588902","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1588902","volume":"16","author":"F Andrea","year":"2025","unstructured":"Andrea, F., Koen, D., Vassilis, M. & Giovanni, M. Editorial: Treatment resistant depression (TRD): epidemiology, clinic, burden and treatment. Front. Psychiatr. 16, 1588902 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"35097_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12621","volume":"281","author":"CA Dinarello","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dinarello, C. A. Overview of the IL-1 family in innate inflammation and acquired immunity. Immunol. Rev. 281 (1), 8\u201327 (2018).","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"35097_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2020.11.009","volume":"42","author":"F Benedetti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Benedetti, F. et al. Higher baseline interleukin-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 hamper antidepressant response in major depressive disorder. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 42, 35\u201344 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"35097_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.06.003","volume":"86","author":"AR Brunoni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brunoni, A. R. et al. Plasma biomarkers in a placebo-controlled trial comparing tDCS and escitalopram efficacy in major depression. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatr. 86, 211\u2013217 (2018).","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"3","key":"35097_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.08.007","volume":"145","author":"M Fornaro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fornaro, M., Rocchi, G., Escelsior, A., Contini, P. & Martino, M. Might different cytokine trends in depressed patients receiving duloxetine indicate differential biological backgrounds. J. Affect. Disord. 145 (3), 300\u2013307 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"35097_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370805300605","volume":"53","author":"RM Bagby","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bagby, R. M. et al. Personality and differential treatment response in major depression: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive-behavioural therapy and pharmacotherapy. Can. J. Psychiatr. 53 (6), 361\u2013370 (2008).","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"35097_CR13","volume-title":"Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research","author":"RR McCrae","year":"1999","unstructured":"McCrae, R. R. & Costa, P. T. A five-factor theory of personality. In Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research (eds Pervin, L. A. & John, O. P.) (Guilford Press, 1999)."},{"issue":"1","key":"35097_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16906","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17053-2","volume":"7","author":"Y Xin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xin, Y. et al. The relationship between personality and the response to acute psychological stress. Sci. Rep. 7 (1), 16906 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"35097_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1514","volume":"15","author":"TA Allen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Allen, T. A. et al. Interactions between neuroticism and stressful life events predict response to pharmacotherapy for major depression: A CAN-BIND 1 report. Personal Ment. Health 15 (4), 273\u2013282 (2021).","journal-title":"Personal Ment. Health"},{"key":"35097_CR16","unstructured":"Costa, P. T. & McCrae, R. R. Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources (1992)."},{"key":"35097_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eysenck, H. J. & Eysenck, S. B. G. Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Junior & Adult). Hodder & Stoughton (1975).","DOI":"10.1037\/t05462-000"},{"issue":"3","key":"35097_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.3.359","volume":"159","author":"RT Mulder","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mulder, R. T. Personality pathology and treatment outcome in major depression: a review. Am. J. Psychiatr. 159 (3), 359\u2013371 (2002).","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"9","key":"35097_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0203896","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203896","volume":"13","author":"J Ward","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ward, J. et al. Polygenic risk scores for major depressive disorder and neuroticism as predictors of antidepressant response: Meta-analysis of three treatment cohorts. PLoS ONE 13 (9), e0203896 (2018).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"35097_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709992029","volume":"40","author":"AR Sutin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sutin, A. R. et al. High neuroticism and low conscientiousness are associated with interleukin-6. Psychol. Med. 40 (9), 1485\u20131493 (2010).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"35097_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2017.10.2","volume":"15","author":"HJ Kang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kang, H. J. et al. The MAKE biomarker discovery for enhancing antidepressant treatment effect and response (MAKE BETTER) Study: Design and methodology. Psychiatry. Investig. 15 (5), 538\u2013545 (2018).","journal-title":"Psychiatry. Investig."},{"key":"35097_CR22","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"APA (American Psychiatric Association)","year":"1994","unstructured":"APA (American Psychiatric Association). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Press, 1994)."},{"key":"35097_CR23","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR","author":"APA American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","unstructured":"APA American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Press, 2000)."},{"issue":"1","key":"35097_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","volume":"23","author":"M Hamilton","year":"1960","unstructured":"Hamilton, M. A rating scale for depression. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 23 (1), 56\u201362 (1960).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"35097_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2006.02.001","volume":"41","author":"B Rammstedt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rammstedt, B. & John, O. P. Measuring personality in one minute or less: A 10-item short version of the big five inventory in English and German. J. Res. Pers. 41 (1), 203\u2013212 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Res. Pers."},{"issue":"1","key":"35097_CR26","first-page":"15","volume":"17","author":"SY Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim, S. Y. et al. Standarization and validation of big five inventory-Korean version (BFI-K) in elders. Korean J. Biol. Psychiatr. 17 (1), 15\u201325 (2010).","journal-title":"Korean J. Biol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"35097_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.05.071","volume":"203","author":"SY Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim, S. Y. et al. Influences of the Big Five personality trait on the treatment response and longitudinal course of depression in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. J. Affect. Disord. 203, 38\u201345 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"35097_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","volume":"67","author":"AS Zigmond","year":"1983","unstructured":"Zigmond, A. S. & Snaith, R. P. The Hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta. Psychiatr. Scand. 67 (6), 361\u2013370 (1983).","journal-title":"Acta. Psychiatr. Scand."},{"issue":"4","key":"35097_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1995.56.423","volume":"56","author":"MJ Bohn","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bohn, M. J., Babor, T. F. & Kranzler, H. R. The alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): validation of a screening instrument for use in medical settings. J. Stud. Alcohol 56 (4), 423\u2013432 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol"},{"key":"35097_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.002","volume":"274","author":"JM Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim, J. M. et al. Short and long-term treatment outcomes of stepwise psychopharmacotherapy based on early clinical decision in patients with depressive disorders. J. Affect. Disord. 274, 315\u2013325 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"35097_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.1168","volume":"26","author":"JM Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim, J. M. et al. Predictors of 12-week remission in a nationwide cohort of people with depressive disorders: the CRESCEND study. Hum. Psychopharmacol. 26 (1), 41\u201350 (2011).","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"35097_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.11.1905","volume":"163","author":"AJ Rush","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rush, A. J. et al. Acute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment steps: a STAR*D report. Am. J. Psychiatr. 163 (11), 1905\u20131917 (2006).","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"35097_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.5","volume":"16","author":"AH Miller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miller, A. H. & Raison, C. L. The role of inflammation in depression: from evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 16 (1), 22\u201334 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"35097_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1348\/135910710X524219","volume":"16","author":"A Jerant","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jerant, A., Chapman, B., Duberstein, P., Robbins, J. & Franks, P. Personality and medication non-adherence among older adults enrolled in a six-year trial. Br. J. Health Psychol. 16 (Pt 1), 151\u2013169 (2011).","journal-title":"Br. J. Health Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"35097_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.93.6.1080","volume":"93","author":"JK Connor-Smith","year":"2007","unstructured":"Connor-Smith, J. K. & Flachsbart, C. Relations between personality and coping: a meta-analysis. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 93 (6), 1080\u20131107 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"35097_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2011.01.014","volume":"130","author":"L Capuron","year":"2011","unstructured":"Capuron, L. & Miller, A. H. Immune system to brain signaling: neuropsychopharmacological implications. Pharmacol. Ther. 130 (2), 226\u2013238 (2011).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"35097_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2014.08.023","volume":"72","author":"KE Wilson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wilson, K. E. & Dishman, R. K. Personality and physical activity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Personal. Individ. Differ. 72, 230\u2013242 (2015).","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"issue":"9","key":"35097_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881117711708","volume":"31","author":"KF Paula","year":"2017","unstructured":"Paula, K. F. et al. Anti-inflammatory treatment for major depressive disorder: implications for patients with an elevated immune profile and non-responders to standard antidepressant therapy. J. Psychopharmacol. 31 (9), 1149\u20131165 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35097-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35097-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35097-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T10:20:02Z","timestamp":1770286802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35097-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["35097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-35097-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All patients gave written informed consent to participate in the study and use their data. The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008 and approved by the Ethics Commission of the Chonnam National University Hospital Institutional Review Board (CNUH 2012\u2013014) as it uses de-identified data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statement of ethics"}}],"article-number":"4972"}}