{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T21:57:07Z","timestamp":1787003827246,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771027200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-35147-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T09:18:31Z","timestamp":1771060711000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Machine learning-based heat flux estimation from high-speed video during saturated pool boiling over vertical tube"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Bibhu Bhusan","family":"Sha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamalakar Vijay","family":"Thakare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumyadipta","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debi Prosad","family":"Dogra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihir Kumar","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"35147_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-5493(00)00260-0","volume":"201","author":"PE Juhn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Juhn, P. E., Kupitz, J., Cleveland, J., Cho, B. & Lyon, R. B. IAEA activities on passive safety systems and overview of international development. Nucl. Eng. Des. 201 (1), 41\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0029-5493(00)00260-0 (2000).","journal-title":"Nucl. Eng. Des."},{"key":"35147_CR2","unstructured":"Yadigaroglu, G. E. O. R. G. E., Berkovich, V., Bianchi, A., Chen, B., Meseth, J., Vecchiarelli, J., & Vidard, M. (1999). Advances in technologies for decay heat removal (No. IAEA-TECDOC--1117)."},{"issue":"3","key":"35147_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10512-008-9090-1","volume":"105","author":"NB Trunov","year":"2008","unstructured":"Trunov, N. B., Lukasevich, B. I., Veselov, D. O. & Dragunov, Y. G. Steam generators\u2013horizontal or vertical (which type should be used in nuclear power plants with VVER?). At. Energ. 105 (3), 165\u2013174 (2008).","journal-title":"At. Energ."},{"key":"35147_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2020.12.057","volume":"168","author":"K Du","year":"2021","unstructured":"Du, K., Calautit, J., Eames, P. & Wu, Y. A state-of-the-art review of the application of phase change materials (PCM) in mobilized-thermal energy storage (M-TES) for recovering low-temperature industrial waste heat (IWH) for distributed heat supply. Renew. Energy 168, 1040\u20131057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.renene.2020.12.057 (2021).","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"issue":"7","key":"35147_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/0017-9310(82)90070-9","volume":"25","author":"GM Lazarek","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lazarek, G. M. & Black, S. H. Evaporative heat transfer, pressure drop and critical heat flux in a small vertical tube with R-113. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 25 (7), 945\u2013960. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0017-9310(82)90070-9 (1982).","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transf."},{"issue":"1","key":"35147_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-9164(00)82210-9","volume":"27","author":"AW Veenman","year":"1978","unstructured":"Veenman, A. W. A review of new developments in desalination by distillation processes. Desalination 27 (1), 21\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0011-9164(00)82210-9 (1978).","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"35147_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucengdes.2016.03.020","volume":"303","author":"X Lv","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lv, X., Peng, M., Yuan, X. & Xia, G. Design and analysis of a new passive residual heat removal system. Nucl. Eng. Des. 303, 192\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nucengdes.2016.03.020 (2016).","journal-title":"Nucl. Eng. Des."},{"key":"35147_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnucene.2013.09.011","volume":"70","author":"J Zou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zou, J., Li, Q., Tong, L. L. & Cao, X. W. Assessment of passive residual heat removal system cooling capacity. Prog. Nucl. Energy 70, 159\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnucene.2013.09.011 (2014).","journal-title":"Prog. Nucl. Energy"},{"key":"35147_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1007\/s10512-017-0219-y","volume":"121","author":"RZ Aminov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aminov, R. Z. & Egorov, A. N. Comparison and analysis of residual heat removal systems of reactors in station blackout accidents. At. Energ. 121, 402\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10512-017-0219-y (2017).","journal-title":"At. Energ."},{"issue":"1","key":"35147_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.5516\/NET.03.2014.702","volume":"46","author":"JE Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang, J. E. Fukushima Dai-Ichi accident: lessons learned and future actions from the risk perspectives. Nucl. Eng. Technol. 46 (1), 27\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5516\/NET.03.2014.702 (2014).","journal-title":"Nucl. Eng. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"35147_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.3390\/en13112898","volume":"13","author":"C Zeliang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zeliang, C., Mi, Y., Tokuhiro, A., Lu, L. & Rezvoi, A. Integral PWR-type small modular reactor developmental status, design characteristics and passive features: A review. Energies 13 (11), 2898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/en13112898 (2020).","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"3","key":"35147_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/18811248.1996.9731898","volume":"33","author":"Y Kukita","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kukita, Y. et al. ROSA\/APGOO testing: facility modifications and initial test results. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 33 (3), 259\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/18811248.1996.9731898 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"35147_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-5493(98)00218-0","volume":"186","author":"JN Reyes","year":"1998","unstructured":"Reyes, J. N. & Hochreiter, L. Scaling analysis for the OSU AP600 test facility (APEX). Nucl. Eng. Des. 186 (1\u20132), 53\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0029-5493(98)00218-0 (1998).","journal-title":"Nucl. Eng. Des."},{"key":"35147_CR14","unstructured":"Medich, C., Rigamonti, M., Tarantini, M., Martinelli, R. & Conway, L. SPES-2, the fullheight, full-pressure, test facility simulating the AP600 plant: main results from the experimental campaign. In: Proceedings of the 1995 International Joint Power Generation Conference, ASME Nuclear Engineering Division, Minneapolis. pp. 10.08\u201310.12 (1995)."},{"issue":"1","key":"35147_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1933(95)00081-X","volume":"23","author":"MH Chun","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chun, M. H. & Kang, M. G. Effects of heat exchanger tube geometries on nucleate pool boiling heat transfer in a scaled in-containment refueling water storage tank. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer 23 (1), 23\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0735-1933(95)00081-X (1996).","journal-title":"Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer"},{"issue":"1115\/1","key":"35147_CR16","first-page":"2824272","volume":"10","author":"MH Chun","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chun, M. H. & Kang, M. G. Effects of heat exchanger tube parameters on nucleate pool boiling heat transfer. J. Heat Trans. 10 (1115\/1), 2824272 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Heat Trans."},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"35147_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4549(97)00056-X","volume":"25","author":"MG Kang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kang, M. G. Experimental investigation of tube length effect on nucleate pool boiling heat transfer. Ann. Nucl. Energy 25 (4\u20135), 295\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0306-4549(97)00056-X (1998).","journal-title":"Ann. Nucl. Energy"},{"issue":"22","key":"35147_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4073","DOI":"10.1016\/S0017-9310(00)00043-0","volume":"43","author":"MG Kang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kang, M. G. Effect of surface roughness on pool boiling heat transfer. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 43 (22), 4073\u20134085. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0017-9310(00)00043-0 (2000).","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transf."},{"issue":"2","key":"35147_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1351163","volume":"123","author":"MG Kang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kang, M. G. Diameter effects on nucleate pool boiling for a vertical tube. J. Heat Transf. 123 (2), 400\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.1351163 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Heat Transf."},{"key":"35147_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.09.013","volume":"128","author":"HH Son","year":"2019","unstructured":"Son, H. H., Cho, Y. S. & Kim, S. J. Experimental study of saturated pool boiling heat transfer with FeCrAl-and Cr-layered vertical tubes under atmospheric pressure. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 128, 418\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.09.013 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transf."},{"key":"35147_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.05.055","volume":"113","author":"HH Son","year":"2017","unstructured":"Son, H. H., Seo, G. H., Jeong, U., Shin, D. Y. & Kim, S. J. Capillary wicking effect of a Cr-sputtered superhydrophilic surface on enhancement of pool boiling critical heat flux. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 113, 115\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.05.055 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transf."},{"key":"35147_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anucene.2014.09.046","volume":"76","author":"DH Kam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kam, D. H., Lee, J. H., Lee, T. & Jeong, Y. H. Critical heat flux for SiC-and Cr-coated plates under atmospheric condition. Ann. Nucl. Energy 76, 335\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anucene.2014.09.046 (2015).","journal-title":"Ann. Nucl. Energy"},{"key":"35147_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.11.060","volume":"118","author":"GM Son","year":"2018","unstructured":"Son, G. M., Kim, K. M. & Bang, I. C. Chromia coating with nanofluid deposition and sputtering for accident tolerance, CHF enhancement. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 118, 890\u2013899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.11.060 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transf."},{"issue":"2","key":"35147_CR24","first-page":"122","volume":"22","author":"Y Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li, Y., Yan, C., Sun, Z. & Sun, L. Pool boiling heat transfer enhancement on porous surface tube. Nucl. Sci. Tech. 22 (2), 122\u2013128 (2011).","journal-title":"Nucl. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"35147_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucengdes.2019.02.022","volume":"346","author":"M Gui","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gui, M., Bi, Q., Wang, J. & Wang, T. Experimental investigation on heat transfer performance of C-shape tube immerged in a water pool. Nucl. Eng. Des. 346, 220\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nucengdes.2019.02.022 (2019).","journal-title":"Nucl. Eng. Des."},{"issue":"3","key":"35147_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1933(91)90018-Y","volume":"18","author":"CC Lee","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lee, C. C., Chuah, Y. K., Lu, D. C. & Chao, H. Y. Experimental investigation of pool boiling of lithium bromide solution on a vertical tube under subatmospheric pressures. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. 18 (3), 309\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0735-1933(91)90018-Y (1991).","journal-title":"Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf."},{"key":"35147_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2018.01.043","volume":"133","author":"Y Tian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tian, Y., Chen, Z., Wang, N., Cui, Z. & Cheng, L. Experimental investigations on pool boiling on a vertical tube in the confined and unconfined spaces. Appl. Therm. Eng. 133, 107\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2018.01.043 (2018).","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"35147_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/JEnhHeatTransf.2024054088","author":"BB Sha","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sha, B. B. & Das, M. K. Experimental investigation of two-phase heat transfer over partially roughed vertical tube. J. Enhanced Heat Transf. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1615\/JEnhHeatTransf.2024054088 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Enhanced Heat Transf."},{"issue":"2","key":"35147_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2009.06.023","volume":"37","author":"A Gupta","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gupta, A., Kumar, R. & Kumar, V. Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer over a bundle of vertical tubes. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. 37 (2), 178\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2009.06.023 (2010).","journal-title":"Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf."},{"key":"35147_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2016.11.185","volume":"114","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Experimental investigation on pool-boiling of C-shape heat exchanger bundle used in PRHR HX. Appl. Therm. Eng. 114, 186\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2016.11.185 (2017).","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"issue":"008","key":"35147_CR31","first-page":"1743","volume":"038","author":"Z Zhu-Qian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhu-Qian, Z., Jun-Jian, G. & Li-Xin, Y. Experimental study on heat transfer characteristics of vertical tube with big length-diameter ratio. J. Eng. Thermophys. 038 (008), 1743\u20131747 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Eng. Thermophys."},{"key":"35147_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anucene.2021.108963","volume":"169","author":"D Tao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tao, D. et al. Heat transfer evaluation of saturated pool boiling outside slender tube bundle in passive residual heat removal system of molten salt reactor. Ann. Nuclear Energy 169, 108963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anucene.2021.108963 (2022).","journal-title":"Ann. Nuclear Energy"},{"key":"35147_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105452","volume":"126","author":"A Nikulin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nikulin, A., Dauvergne, J. L., Ortuondo, A. & del Barrio, E. P. Spacing effect on pool boiling performance of three triangular pitched and vertically oriented tubes. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. 126, 105452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105452 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf."},{"issue":"10","key":"35147_CR34","first-page":"1752","volume":"49","author":"K Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang, K., Cao, X., Li, Y. & Sun, Z. Research on characteristics of condensation heat transfer for passive residual heat removal heat exchanger. Atom. Energy Sci. Technol. 49 (10), 1752\u20131757 (2015).","journal-title":"Atom. Energy Sci. Technol."},{"key":"35147_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnucene.2025.105893","volume":"190","author":"BB Sha","year":"2026","unstructured":"Sha, B. B., Mohanty, R. L. & Das, M. K. A critical analysis of correlations for saturated nucleate pool-boiling heat transfer over vertical tubes and tube bundles: Development of improved models. Prog. Nucl. Energy 190, 105893. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnucene.2025.105893 (2026).","journal-title":"Prog. Nucl. Energy"},{"key":"35147_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5622","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85150-4","volume":"11","author":"Y Suh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Suh, Y., Bostanabad, R. & Won, Y. Deep learning predicts boiling heat transfer. Sci Rep 11, 5622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-85150-4 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"35147_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s40997-022-00548-3","volume":"47","author":"E Alic","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alic, E., Das, M. & Kaska, O. Investigation of nucleate pool boiling heat transfer by computational methods in different cylindrical surfaces and inclination angles. Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. Mech. Eng. 47, 481\u2013495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40997-022-00548-3 (2023).","journal-title":"Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. Mech. Eng."},{"issue":"10","key":"35147_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1177\/0954406213509976","volume":"228","author":"A Swain","year":"2014","unstructured":"Swain, A. & Das, M. K. Artificial intelligence approach for the prediction of heat transfer coefficient in boiling over tube bundles. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. C J. Mech. Eng. Sci. 228 (10), 1680\u20131688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0954406213509976 (2014).","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. C J. Mech. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"35147_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119834","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-019-08746-z","volume":"155","author":"AM Bahman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bahman, A. M. & Ebrahim, S. A. Prediction of the minimum film boiling temperature using artificial neural network. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 155, 119834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10973-019-08746-z (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transf."},{"issue":"5","key":"35147_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/01457632.2015.1057450","volume":"37","author":"A Swain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Swain, A. & Kumar das, M.,. Prediction of heat transfer coefficient in flow boiling over tube bundles using ANFIS. Heat Transf. Eng 37 (5), 443\u2013455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01457632.2015.1057450 (2016).","journal-title":"Heat Transf. Eng"},{"key":"35147_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-1595-4_34","volume":"2","author":"A Swain","year":"2019","unstructured":"Swain, A. & Das, M. K. ANFIS modeling of boiling heat transfer over tube bundles. Soft Comput. Problem Solv. SocProS 2017 2, 433\u2013440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-13-1595-4_34 (2019).","journal-title":"Soft Comput. Problem Solv. SocProS 2017"},{"key":"35147_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.12.170","volume":"134","author":"GM Hobold","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hobold, G. M. & da Silva, A. K. Visualization-based nucleate boiling heat flux quantification using machine learning. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 134, 511\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.12.170 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transf."},{"key":"35147_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinha, K. N. R., Kumar, V., Kumar, N., Thakur, A., & Raj, R. Deep learning the sound of boiling for advance prediction of boiling crisis. Cell Rep. Phys. Sci. 2 (3). (2021).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2021.100382"},{"key":"35147_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctta.2022.100081","volume":"8","author":"MM Rashidi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rashidi, M. M. et al. Applications of machine learning methods for boiling modeling and prediction: A comprehensive review. Chem. Thermodyn. Therm. Anal. 8, 100081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctta.2022.100081 (2022).","journal-title":"Chem. Thermodyn. Therm. Anal."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35147-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35147-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35147-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:46:12Z","timestamp":1773665172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35147-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["35147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-35147-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"9038"}}