{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T21:18:35Z","timestamp":1776201515080,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ZR2021MH372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MH372"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-35291-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T09:04:24Z","timestamp":1768381464000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genetic characterization and whole-genome sequencing-based genetic analysis of influenza B in Shandong Province during 2015\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Julong","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaoxia","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuedong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianjun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zengqiang","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ti","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10127","key":"35291_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33293-2","volume":"391","author":"AD Iuliano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Iuliano, A. D. et al. Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: a modelling study. Lancet 391(10127), 1285\u20131300 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"35291_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878943","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.878943","volume":"13","author":"MB Carascal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carascal, M. B., Pavon, R. D. N. & Rivera, W. L. Recent Progress in recombinant influenza vaccine development toward Heterosubtypic immune response. Front. Immunol. 13, 878943 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"35291_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2014.01.010","volume":"22","author":"Y Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu, Y., Wu, Y., Tefsen, B., Shi, Y. & Gao, G. F. Bat-derived influenza-like viruses H17N10 and H18N11. Trends Microbiol. 22(4), 183\u2013191 (2014).","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"35291_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-014-0968-1","volume":"13","author":"S Fereidouni","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fereidouni, S., Munoz, O., Von Dobschuetz, S. & De Nardi, M. Influenza virus infection of marine mammals. EcoHealth 13(1), 161\u2013170 (2016).","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"issue":"8","key":"35291_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050050399","volume":"143","author":"R Nerome","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nerome, R. et al. Evolutionary characteristics of influenza B virus since its first isolation in 1940: dynamic circulation of deletion and insertion mechanism. Arch. Virol. 143(8), 1569\u20131583 (1998).","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"35291_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(90)90186-U","volume":"175","author":"PA Rota","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rota, P. A. et al. Cocirculation of two distinct evolutionary lineages of influenza type B virus since 1983. Virology 175(1), 59\u201368 (1990).","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"35291_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12319","volume":"9","author":"S Caini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Caini, S. et al. Epidemiological and virological characteristics of influenza B: results of the Global Influenza B Study. Influenza Other Respir. Viruses 9, 3\u201312 (2015).","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir. Viruses"},{"key":"35291_CR8","unstructured":"Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2009\u20132010 influenza season (northern hemisphere winter). Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 84 (9), 65\u201372. (2009)."},{"issue":"12","key":"35291_CR9","first-page":"133","volume":"93","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2018","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2018\u20132019 northern hemisphere influenza season. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 93(12), 133\u2013141 (2018).","journal-title":"Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec."},{"key":"35291_CR10","unstructured":"Influenza vaccine for 2021\u20132022. Med. Lett. Drugs Ther. 63 (1634), 153\u2013157. (2021)."},{"key":"35291_CR11","unstructured":"Influenza vaccine for 2022\u20132023. Med. Lett. Drugs Ther. 64 (1660), 153\u2013157. (2022)."},{"issue":"9","key":"35291_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2423983122","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2423983122","volume":"122","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhu, Y. et al. Molecular patterns of matrix protein 1 (M1): A strong predictor of adaptive evolution in H9N2 avian influenza viruses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 122(9), e2423983122 (2025).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"1","key":"35291_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2400546","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2024.2400546","volume":"13","author":"P Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, P. et al. The C-terminal amino acid motifs of NS1 protein affect the replication and virulence of naturally NS-truncated H1N1 canine influenza virus. Emerg. Microbes Infect. 13(1), 2400546 (2024).","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"issue":"2","key":"35291_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2309477","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202309477","volume":"12","author":"X Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu, X. et al. Phosphorylation of S-S-S motif in nuclear export protein (NEP) plays a critical role in viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) nuclear export of influenza A and B viruses. Adv. Sci. (Weinh) 12(2), e2309477 (2025).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh)"},{"issue":"5","key":"35291_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a038687","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a038687","volume":"11","author":"E Takashita","year":"2021","unstructured":"Takashita, E. Influenza polymerase inhibitors: mechanisms of action and resistance. Cold Spring. Harb. Perspect. Med. 11(5), a038687 (2021).","journal-title":"Cold Spring. Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"35291_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2387910","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2024.2387910","volume":"13","author":"L Cao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cao, L. et al. Inhibition of RAN attenuates influenza a virus replication and nucleoprotein nuclear export. Emerg. Microbes Infect. 13(1), 2387910 (2024).","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"issue":"1","key":"35291_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(03)00190-4","volume":"5","author":"JA Mould","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mould, J. A. et al. Influenza B virus BM2 protein has ion channel activity that conducts protons across membranes. Dev. Cell. 5(1), 175\u2013184 (2003).","journal-title":"Dev. Cell."},{"issue":"8","key":"35291_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-025-04371-7","volume":"207","author":"MA Rather","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rather, M. A. et al. Understanding the pandemic potential of the avian influenza Virus- key insights into pathogenesis, transmission, and host immunity. Arch. Microbiol. 207(8), 185 (2025).","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"35291_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-024-02119-x","volume":"61","author":"S Alizadeh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alizadeh, S. et al. Genetic characterization of influenza B virus and oseltamivir resistance in pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections: a cross-sectional study. Virus Genes 61(1), 54\u201363 (2025).","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"issue":"7","key":"35291_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw054","volume":"33","author":"S Kumar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. MEGA7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol. Biol. Evol. 33(7), 1870\u20131874 (2016).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"35291_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2022.198926","volume":"322","author":"A Heider","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heider, A., Wedde, M., D\u00fcrrwald, R., Wolff, T. & Schweiger, B. Molecular characterization and evolution dynamics of influenza B viruses circulating in Germany from season 1996\/1997 to 2019\/2020. Virus Res. 322, 198926 (2022).","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"35291_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3011","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02477-07","volume":"82","author":"Q Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang, Q., Cheng, F., Lu, M., Tian, X. & Ma, J. Crystal structure of unliganded influenza B virus hemagglutinin. J. Virol. 82(6), 3011\u20133020 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"35291_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2022.105280","volume":"200","author":"SK Brown","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brown, S. K., Tseng, Y. Y., Aziz, A., Baz, M. & Barr, I. G. Characterization of influenza B viruses with reduced susceptibility to influenza neuraminidase inhibitors. Antiviral Res. 200, 105280 (2022).","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"35291_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ftz063","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftz063","volume":"77","author":"F Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen, F. et al. Key amino acid residues of neuraminidase involved in influenza A virus entry. Pathog. Dis. 77(6), ftz063 (2019).","journal-title":"Pathog. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"35291_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.04.025","volume":"443","author":"A Wanitchang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wanitchang, A., Narkpuk, J. & Jongkaewwattana, A. Nuclear import of influenza B virus nucleoprotein: involvement of an N-terminal nuclear localization signal and a cleavage-protection motif. Virology 443(1), 59\u201368 (2013).","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"9","key":"35291_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0137802","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137802","volume":"10","author":"M Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu, M. et al. The functional study of the N-terminal region of influenza B virus nucleoprotein. PLoS ONE 10(9), e0137802 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"21","key":"35291_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12326","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01542-14","volume":"88","author":"L Sherry","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sherry, L., Smith, M., Davidson, S. & Jackson, D. The N terminus of the influenza B virus nucleoprotein is essential for virus viability, nuclear localization, and optimal transcription and replication of the viral genome. J. Virol. 88(21), 12326\u201312338 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"35291_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2001.1119","volume":"289","author":"A Harris","year":"2001","unstructured":"Harris, A., Forouhar, F., Qiu, S., Sha, B. & Luo, M. The crystal structure of the influenza matrix protein M1 at neutral pH: M1\u2013M1 protein interfaces can rotate in the oligomeric structures of M1. Virology 289(1), 34\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/viro.2001.1119 (2001).","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"11","key":"35291_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a038505","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a038505","volume":"10","author":"RA Lamb","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lamb, R. A. The structure, function, and pathobiology of the influenza A and B virus ion channels. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 10(11), a038505 (2020).","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"35291_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02862","volume":"10","author":"A Nogales","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nogales, A. et al. Functional Characterization and Direct Comparison of Influenza A, B, C, and D NS1 Proteins in vitro and in vivo. Front. Microbiol. 10, 2862 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"35291_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1996.0453","volume":"223","author":"W Wang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wang, W. & Krug, R. M. The RNA-binding and effector domains of the viral NS1 protein are conserved to different extents among influenza A and B viruses. Virology 223(1), 41\u201350 (1996).","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"12","key":"35291_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4615","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1114728109","volume":"109","author":"T Gorai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gorai, T. et al. F1Fo-ATPase, F-type proton-translocating ATPase, at the plasma membrane is critical for efficient influenza virus budding. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109(12), 4615\u20134620 (2012).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"12","key":"35291_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297924120125","volume":"89","author":"ON Koroleva","year":"2024","unstructured":"Koroleva, O. N., Kuzmina, N. V., Tolstova, A. P., Dubrovin, E. V. & Drutsa, V. L. Effect of C- and N-terminal polyhistidine tags on aggregation of influenza A virus nuclear export protein. Biochemistry (Mosc) 89(12), 2238\u20132251 (2024).","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc)"},{"issue":"16","key":"35291_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7375","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.16.7375-7383.2001","volume":"75","author":"J Paragas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Paragas, J. et al. Influenza B and C virus NEP (NS2) proteins possess nuclear export activities. J. Virol. 75(16), 7375\u20137383 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"2","key":"35291_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.2.732-744.2005","volume":"79","author":"A Kawaguchi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kawaguchi, A., Naito, T. & Nagata, K. Involvement of influenza virus PA subunit in assembly of functional RNA polymerase complexes. J. Virol. 79(2), 732\u2013744 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"13","key":"35291_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00259","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00259-18","volume":"92","author":"JY Bae","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bae, J. Y. et al. A single amino acid in the polymerase acidic protein determines the pathogenicity of influenza B viruses. J. Virol. 92(13), e00259-e318 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"2","key":"35291_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000532","volume":"32","author":"FG Hayden","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hayden, F. G. & Shindo, N. Influenza virus polymerase inhibitors in clinical development. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 32(2), 176\u2013186 (2019).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"45","key":"35291_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11613","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1811345115","volume":"115","author":"DH Goldhill","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goldhill, D. H. et al. The mechanism of resistance to favipiravir in influenza. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 115(45), 11613\u201311618 (2018).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"14","key":"35291_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9141","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.636464","volume":"290","author":"Y Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. The crystal structure of the PB2 cap-binding domain of influenza B virus reveals a novel cap recognition mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 290(14), 9141\u20139149 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"35291_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.132901","volume":"273","author":"K Shi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shi, K. et al. N-glycosylation on hemagglutinin head reveals inter-branch antigenic variability of avian influenza virus H5-subtypes. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 273(Pt 2), 132901 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"8","key":"35291_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29846","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29846","volume":"96","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang, Y. et al. Analysis of seasonal H3N2 influenza virus epidemic characteristics and whole genome features in Jining City from 2018 to 2023. J. Med. Virol. 96(8), e29846 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"10","key":"35291_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0185893","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185893","volume":"12","author":"A Piralla","year":"2017","unstructured":"Piralla, A. et al. Molecular epidemiology of influenza B virus among hospitalized pediatric patients in Northern Italy during the 2015\u201316 season. PLoS ONE 12(10), e0185893 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"35291_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virs.2024.08.012","volume":"40","author":"M Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, M. et al. Antigenic analysis of the influenza B virus hemagglutinin protein. Virol. Sin. 40(1), 80\u201391 (2025).","journal-title":"Virol. Sin."},{"issue":"6","key":"35291_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.17410","volume":"17","author":"H Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, H. et al. The global epidemic trend analysis of influenza type B drug resistance sites from 2006 to 2018. J. Infect. Dev. Ctries. 17(6), 868\u2013873 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries."},{"key":"35291_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2019.104669","volume":"173","author":"PNQ Pascua","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pascua, P. N. Q., Marathe, B. M., Bisen, S., Webby, R. J. & Govorkova, E. A. Influenza B viruses from different genetic backgrounds are variably impaired by neuraminidase inhibitor resistance-associated substitutions. Antiviral Res. 173, 104669 (2020).","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"35291_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01081","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01081-18","volume":"62","author":"R Farrukee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Farrukee, R. et al. Characterization of influenza B virus variants with reduced neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 62(11), e01081-e1118 (2018).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"3","key":"35291_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000386","volume":"97","author":"RA Elderfield","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elderfield, R. A. et al. NB protein does not affect influenza B virus replication in vitro and is not required for replication in or transmission between ferrets. J. Gen. Virol. 97(3), 593\u2013601 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"issue":"3","key":"35291_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00232-004-0648-0","volume":"197","author":"A Premkumar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Premkumar, A., Ewart, G. D., Cox, G. B. & Gage, P. W. An amino-acid substitution in the influenza-B NB protein affects ion-channel gating. J. Membr. Biol. 197(3), 135\u2013143 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Membr. Biol."},{"issue":"13","key":"35291_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7464","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00794-14","volume":"88","author":"S Cao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cao, S. et al. Characterization of the nucleocytoplasmic shuttle of the matrix protein of influenza B virus. J. Virol. 88(13), 7464\u20137473 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"34","key":"35291_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22726","DOI":"10.1039\/D4CP01936A","volume":"26","author":"G Xing","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xing, G. & Zheng, Q. Insights into the specific feature of the electrostatic recognition binding mechanism between BM2 and BM1: a molecular dynamics simulation study. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 26(34), 22726\u201322738 (2024).","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"5","key":"35291_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a038687","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a038687","volume":"11","author":"E Takashita","year":"2021","unstructured":"Takashita, E. Influenza polymerase inhibitors: mechanisms of action and resistance. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 11(5), a038687 (2021).","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"35291_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2022.105455","volume":"208","author":"PNQ Pascua","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pascua, P. N. Q., Jones, J. C., Webby, R. J. & Govorkova, E. A. Effect of E23G\/K, F36V, N37T, E119D, and E199G polymerase acidic protein substitutions on the replication and baloxavir susceptibility of influenza B viruses. Antiviral Res. 208, 105455 (2022).","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"issue":"15","key":"35291_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8593","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1916825117","volume":"117","author":"JC Jones","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jones, J. C. et al. Influenza A and B viruses with reduced baloxavir susceptibility display attenuated in vitro fitness but retain ferret transmissibility. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 117(15), 8593\u20138601 (2020).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"6","key":"35291_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bsheal.2024.11.007","volume":"6","author":"F He","year":"2024","unstructured":"He, F. et al. Antigenicity and genetic properties of an Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus in Jiangsu Province, China. Biosaf. Health 6(6), 319\u2013326 (2024).","journal-title":"Biosaf. Health"},{"key":"35291_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2020.02.005","volume":"545","author":"QQ Fang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fang, Q. Q. et al. Effectiveness of favipiravir (T-705) against wild-type and oseltamivir-resistant influenza B virus in mice. Virology 545, 1\u20139 (2020).","journal-title":"Virology"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35291-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35291-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35291-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T21:02:57Z","timestamp":1770411777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35291-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["35291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-35291-1","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7470245\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The epidemiological and pathogen detection data used in this study were sourced from the China Influenza Surveillance Information System. The IBV strain samples collected from the 2015\u20132024 surveillance years were obtained from preserved influenza B strains stored in the National Influenza Surveillance Network Laboratory of Shandong Province. This study only involved identified aggregated data, hence further ethical approval was not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors acknowledge the submission and approve the manuscript for publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"5229"}}