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As an advanced extension of the starfish optimization algorithm (SFOA), MOSFOA leverages biological inspiration from starfish behaviors such as exploration, predation, and regeneration to balance global exploration and local exploitation. The proposed MOSFOA employs elitist non-dominated sorting (NDS) and crowding distance (CD) mechanisms to preserve solution diversity and guide convergence toward the Pareto-optimal front. The effectiveness of MOSFOA is validated on standard ZDT and DTLZ benchmark suites and further demonstrated on real-world applications, including engineering design tasks and the IEEE 30-bus power system. Performance comparisons with ten state-of-the-art multi-objective algorithms, using metrics such as inverted generational distance (IGD) and hypervolume (HV), confirm the strength of MOSFOA in achieving a well-balanced trade-off between convergence and diversity. Additionally, the KKT proximity metric (KKTPM) is employed to assess convergence. The results demonstrate that MOSFOA significantly outperforms its counterparts in terms of both IGD and HV, achieving superior convergence and diversity performance. These findings underscore MOSFOA\u2019s robustness, scalability, and stability across runs. Moreover, its strong performance in handling constrained engineering problems highlights its practical potential for real-world decision-making and optimization tasks in power systems and complex design optimization, making MOSFOA a promising tool for both theoretical research and industrial applications. Source code of MOSFOA are publicly available at\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/matlabcentral\/fileexchange\/183090-mosfoa-multi-objective-starfish-optimization-algorithm\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/matlabcentral\/fileexchange\/183090-mosfoa-multi-objective-starfish-optimization-algorithm<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-35329-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T16:45:29Z","timestamp":1769186729000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Multiobjective starfish optimization algorithm for engineering design and optimal power flow problems"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Jameel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Merah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa M. 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