{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T18:56:44Z","timestamp":1785092204446,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mobility, cognitive processing, and balance confidence impairments can negatively affect functional mobility in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). This study aimed to examine the effects of a cognitive dual-task on functional mobility during Timed Up and Go (TUG) sub-phases involving transitions and turns. A secondary aim was to explore whether balance confidence was associated with dual-task interference (DTI) on TUG total duration and sub-phases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional design was employed. Participants completed TUG and TUG-COG (serial three subtractions) and inertial sensors recorded spatiotemporal data on transitions and turns. Paired samples t-tests and corresponding effect sizes (Cohen\u2019s d) were used to compare TUG conditions. Multivariate linear regression assessed the association between balance confidence and DTI on total duration and sub-phases, controlling for gait speed and executive function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      People with mild-to-moderate PD (N\u2009=\u200994, mean age: 68.7\u00a0years) completed TUG-COG 2.7\u00a0s slower than TUG (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, d\u2009=\u20090.5, DTI\u2009=\u200922.9%). The cognitive task led to reduced performance across TUG sub-phases, with generally stronger effects observed in turning outcomes (d\u2009=\u20090.25\u20130.45) and comparatively smaller effects observed in postural transitions\n                      <jats:bold>(<\/jats:bold>\n                      d\u2009=\u20090.02\u20130.38\n                      <jats:bold>).<\/jats:bold>\n                      Balance confidence explained variance in DTI for sit-to-stand duration (B\u2009=\u2009-\u22123.560, 95% CI [\u22125.499, \u22121.622], p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), whereas no effect was observed for other sub-phases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dual-tasking impaired nearly all components of the TUG, prolonging total duration and altering spatiotemporal characteristics of transitions and turns. Turning was more strongly impacted by dual-tasking than postural transitions, which has relevance for fall-prevention strategies. Together, the results of this study indicate that clinicians should prioritize turning during dual-task gait training and incorporate assessment of balance confidence to better capture functional capacity in transitional movements such as sit-to-stand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-35450-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T20:06:25Z","timestamp":1768334785000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of dual-tasking and balance confidence on turns and transitions: a cross-sectional study in Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hanna","family":"Johansson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"L\u00f6fgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franchino","family":"Porciuncula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Breiffni","family":"Leavy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"35450_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2013.01.003","volume":"27","author":"M Forhan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Forhan, M. & Gill, S. 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