{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T20:13:14Z","timestamp":1770408794819,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cXingdian Talents\u201d Support Project of Yunnan Province","award":["RL2024SJH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RL2024SJH"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82260297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260297"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Research and Development (R&D) Program","award":["202502AA310034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202502AA310034"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-35587-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T18:45:33Z","timestamp":1768502733000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multiparametric comparative assessment of surgical efficacy in patients with SUI and POP versus normal controls"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Daoming","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yubin","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiangna","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongcheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jihong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"35587_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0254050","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254050","volume":"16","author":"ED Beketie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beketie, E. D. et al. Symptomatic pelvic floordisorders and its associated factors in South-Central Ethiopia. PLoSOne 16, e0254050. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0254050 (2021).","journal-title":"PLoSOne"},{"key":"35587_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000057","volume":"123","author":"JM Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu, J. M. et al. Prevalence and trends of symptomatic pelvic floordisorders in U.S. women. Obstet. Gynecol. 123, 141\u2013148 (2014).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"03","key":"35587_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1492-5287","volume":"52","author":"AK aekel","year":"2021","unstructured":"aekel, A. K., Kirschner-Hermanns, R. & Kn\u00fcpfer, S. C. Diagnostik der weiblichen harninkontinenz: Dos and dont\u02bcs. Aktuelle Urologie. 52 (03), 237\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1492-5287 (2021).","journal-title":"Aktuelle Urologie"},{"issue":"3","key":"35587_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2019.04.010","volume":"46","author":"MM Good","year":"2019","unstructured":"Good, M. M. & Solomon, E. R. Pelvic floor disorders. Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. N. Am. 46 (3), 527\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ogc.2019.04.010 (2019).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"35587_CR5","unstructured":"European Association of Urology. 2025 EAU Guidelines on Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS): Pelvic Organ Prolapse and LUTS. https:\/\/uroweb.org\/guidelines  (EAU Guidelines Office, 2025)."},{"key":"35587_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Urogynecology Subgroup,  Chinese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese Medical Association. Chinese guideline for the diagnosis and management of pelvic organ prolapse (2020 version) [in Chinese]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 55(5), 300\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.cn112141-20200106-00016 (2020).","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112141-20200106-00016"},{"issue":"6","key":"35587_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-024-05802-7","volume":"35","author":"A van der Steen","year":"2024","unstructured":"van der Steen, A. et al. POP-Q versus upright MRI distance measurements: A prospective study in patients with POP. INT. UROGYNECOL. J. 35 (6), 1255\u20131261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-024-05802-7 (2024).","journal-title":"INT. UROGYNECOL. J."},{"key":"35587_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tian, D. et al. A comparative study on the clinical efficacy of simple transobturator midurethal sling and posterior pelvic floor reconstruction. Medicina-Lithuania 59 (1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina59010155 (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59010155"},{"issue":"2","key":"35587_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-023-05708-w","volume":"35","author":"JO DeLancey","year":"2024","unstructured":"DeLancey, J. O. et al. Functional anatomy of urogenital hiatus closure: the perineal complex triad hypothesis. Int Urogynecol J 35 (2), 441\u2013449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-023-05708-w (2024).","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"08","key":"35587_CR10","first-page":"987","volume":"41","author":"DH Wang Xuelian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Xuelian, D. H. The diagnostic value of Three-Dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound and glazer pelvic floor surface electromyography in postpartum stress urinary incontinence. Chin. J. Med. Phys. 41 (08), 987\u2013991 (2024).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Med. Phys."},{"issue":"9","key":"35587_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-014-2395-9","volume":"25","author":"C Betschart","year":"2014","unstructured":"Betschart, C. et al. Comparison of muscle fiber directions between different levator ani muscle subdivisions: in vivo MRI measurements in women. Int Urogynecol J 25 (9), 1263\u20131268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-014-2395-9 (2014).","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"7","key":"35587_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.25489","volume":"43","author":"PL Venema","year":"2024","unstructured":"Venema, P. L. et al. The female urethral closure mechanism during physical stress. Neurourol Urodynam.. 43 (7), 1647\u20131654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.25489 (2024).","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodynam."},{"key":"35587_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S161672","volume":"10","author":"YS Shin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shin, Y. S. et al. Clinical significance of anatomical urethral length on stress urinary incontinence women. Int. J. Womens Health. 10, 337\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJWH.S161672 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Womens Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"35587_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s00120-011-2605-8","volume":"50","author":"S Muctar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Muctar, S. et al. Functional anatomy of the female pelvic floor: interdisciplinary continence and pelvic floor surgery. Urologe 50 (7), 785\u2013791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00120-011-2605-8 (2011).","journal-title":"Urologe"},{"key":"35587_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"DeLancey, J. O. Structural support of the urethra as it relates to stress urinary incontinence: The hammock hypothesis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.  170(6), 1713-20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9378(94)70346-9  (1994)  (discussion 1720-3).","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9378(94)70346-9"},{"key":"35587_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760723","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.760723","volume":"9","author":"S Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, S. et al. Comparison of the axes and positions of the uterus and vagina between women with and without pelvic floor organ prolapse. Front. Surg. 9, 760723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.760723 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Surg."},{"key":"35587_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kent. Finite element analysis of urinary bladder wall thickness at different pressure condition. J. Mech. Med. Biol. 19(5) (2019).","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219519419500295"},{"key":"35587_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petros.  Bladder neck funneling in stress incontinence is mediated by posterior muscle forces, not abdominal pressure. Neurourol.  Urodyn.  42, 6 (2023).","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.25194"},{"key":"35587_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CAI. Clinical value of transperineal ultrasound in evaluating the effects of different delivery methods on the primipara pelvic floor structure and function. Sci. Rep.  14, 23980 (2024).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-75014-y"},{"issue":"2","key":"35587_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1159\/000494249","volume":"100","author":"M Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, M. et al. MR defecography in assessing functional defecation disorder: diagnostic value of the defecation phase in detection of dyssynergic defecation and pelvic floor prolapse in females. Digestion 100 (2), 109\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000494249 (2019).","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"issue":"10","key":"35587_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.04.043","volume":"42","author":"L Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen, L., Ashton-Miller, J. A. & DeLancey, J. O. L. A 3D finite element model of anterior vaginal wall support to evaluate mechanisms underlying cystocele formation. J. Biomech. 42 (10), 1371\u20131377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.04.043 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"6","key":"35587_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del022","volume":"21","author":"KT Barnhart","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barnhart, K. T. et al. Baseline dimensions of the human vagina. Hum. Reprod. 21 (6), 1618\u20131622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/del022 (2006).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"35587_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar. Does conventional defecography has a role to play in evaluation of evacuatory disorders in Indian population?  Indian J. Radiol. Imaging 23(1) (2013).","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-3026.113625"},{"issue":"6","key":"35587_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24963","volume":"41","author":"BT Haylen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Haylen, B. T. & Vu, D. Surgical anatomy of the vaginal vault. Neurourol Urodynam. 41 (6), 1316\u20131322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.24963 (2022).","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodynam."},{"key":"35587_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Boreham, M. K., Wai, C. Y., Miller, R. T., Schaffer, J. I. & Word, R. A. Morphometric properties of the posterior vaginal wall in women with pelvic organ prolapse. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 187(6), 1501-8, discussion 1508-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mob.2002.130005 (2002).","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.130005"},{"key":"35587_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S268235","volume":"13","author":"W Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin, W. et al. The role of obstetric Factors, miRNA-30d and miRNA-181a in postpartum women with pelvic organ prolapse. Risk Manag Healthc. Policy. 13, 2309\u20132316 (2020). PMID: 33149711; PMCID: PMC7604264.","journal-title":"Risk Manag Healthc. Policy"},{"key":"35587_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Easley, D. C., Abramowitch, S. D. & Moalli, P. A. May. Female pelvic floor biomechanics: Bridging the gap. Curr.  Opin. Urol. 27(3), 262\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MOU.0000000000000380 (2017).","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0000000000000380"},{"issue":"5","key":"35587_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.11.1247","volume":"230","author":"JO DeLancey","year":"2023","unstructured":"DeLancey, J. O. et al. A unified pelvic floor conceptual model for studying morphological changes with prolapse, age, and parity. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 230 (5), 476\u2013484e2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.11.1247 (2023).","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"35587_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292407","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1292407","volume":"11","author":"X Xue","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xue, X. et al. The influence of the combined impairments and apical mesh surgery on the biomechanical behavior of the pelvic floor system. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 11, 1292407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1292407 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"35587_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ashton-Miller, J. A. & DeLancey, J. O. Functional Anatomy of the Female Pelvic Floor . Vol. 1101. 266\u2013296 (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2007).","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1389.034"},{"issue":"6","key":"35587_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-023-05450-3","volume":"34","author":"K B\u00f8","year":"2023","unstructured":"B\u00f8, K. et al. Strenuous physical activity, exercise, and pelvic organ prolapse: A narrative scoping review. Int Urogynecol J. 34 (6), 1153\u20131164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-023-05450-3 (2023).","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35587-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35587-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35587-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T09:19:46Z","timestamp":1770369586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35587-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["35587"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-35587-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by Institutional Review Board of The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University [IRB No. (2022) Ethical Review L No. 332022.04.27].","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All participants included in this study provided their informed consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}],"article-number":"5274"}}