{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T23:02:57Z","timestamp":1770937377641,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government","award":["RS-2023-00211504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00211504"]}]},{"name":"Basic Science Research Program to the Research Institute for Basic Sciences (RIBS) of Jeju National University through the NRF, funded by the Ministry of Education","award":["RS-2019-NR040080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2019-NR040080"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-35917-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T20:54:13Z","timestamp":1769115253000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dual impact of squalene-adjuvanted influenza vaccine on immunity and glucose homeostasis in obese mice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"So Yeon","family":"Ahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang-Mi","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thi Len","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inhae","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun-Ju","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"35917_CR1","unstructured":"Obesity and overweight. (World Health Organization, World Health Organization, (2025)."},{"key":"35917_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1000367","volume":"363","author":"A de Berrington","year":"2010","unstructured":"de Berrington, A. et al. Body-mass index and mortality among 1.46 million white adults. N Engl. J. Med. 363, 2211\u20132219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1000367 (2010).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"35917_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0801891","volume":"359","author":"T Pischon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pischon, T. et al. General and abdominal adiposity and risk of death in Europe. N Engl. J. Med. 359, 2105\u20132120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa0801891 (2008).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"35917_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05488","volume":"444","author":"JP Despres","year":"2006","unstructured":"Despres, J. P. & Lemieux, I. Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nature 444, 881\u2013887. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature05488 (2006).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"35917_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107765","volume":"96","author":"M Ghanbari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghanbari, M. et al. Interleukin-1 in obesity-related low-grade inflammation: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. Int. Immunopharmacol. 96, 107765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107765 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"35917_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/326580","author":"A Rull","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rull, A., Camps, J., Alonso-Villaverde, C. & Joven, J. Insulin resistance, inflammation, and obesity: role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (or CCL2) in the regulation of metabolism. Mediators Inflamm. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2010\/326580 (2010).","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"35917_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24335","volume":"116","author":"SP Weisberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weisberg, S. P. et al. CCR2 modulates inflammatory and metabolic effects of high-fat feeding. J. Clin. Invest. 116, 115\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI24335 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"35917_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI19246","volume":"112","author":"SP Weisberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Weisberg, S. P. et al. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. J. Clin. Invest. 112, 1796\u20131808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI19246 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"35917_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.202400203","author":"I Reinisch","year":"2025","unstructured":"Reinisch, I., Enzenhofer, S. & Prokesch, A. Mechanisms of Lipid-Associated Macrophage Accrual in Metabolically Stressed Adipose Tissue. Bioessays https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bies.202400203 (2025).","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"35917_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576347","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.576347","volume":"11","author":"B Chaurasia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chaurasia, B., Talbot, C. L. & Summers, S. A. Adipocyte Ceramides-The nexus of inflammation and metabolic disease. Front. Immunol. 11, 576347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.576347 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"35917_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00867.x","volume":"9","author":"H Fischer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fischer, H. et al. Ceramide as a TLR4 agonist; a putative signalling intermediate between sphingolipid receptors for microbial ligands and TLR4. Cell. Microbiol. 9, 1239\u20131251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00867.x (2007).","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"35917_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16683","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M011695200","volume":"276","author":"JY Lee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lee, J. Y., Sohn, K. H., Rhee, S. H. & Hwang, D. Saturated fatty acids, but not unsaturated fatty acids, induce the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated through Toll-like receptor 4. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 16683\u201316689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M011695200 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"35917_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03872-9","volume":"12","author":"A Lindhorst","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lindhorst, A. et al. Adipocyte death triggers a pro-inflammatory response and induces metabolic activation of resident macrophages. Cell. Death Dis. 12, 579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-021-03872-9 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."},{"key":"35917_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.01.018","volume":"271","author":"S Ivanov","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ivanov, S., Merlin, J., Lee, M. K. S., Murphy, A. J. & Guinamard, R. R. Biology and function of adipose tissue macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells. Atherosclerosis 271, 102\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.01.018 (2018).","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"35917_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.09.004","volume":"9","author":"KW Cho","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cho, K. W. et al. An MHC II-dependent activation loop between adipose tissue macrophages and CD4\u2009+\u2009T cells controls obesity-induced inflammation. Cell. Rep. 9, 605\u2013617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.09.004 (2014).","journal-title":"Cell. Rep."},{"key":"35917_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.07.014","volume":"12","author":"Y Endo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Endo, Y. et al. Obesity drives Th17 cell differentiation by inducing the lipid metabolic Kinase, ACC1. Cell. Rep. 12, 1042\u20131055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.07.014 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell. Rep."},{"key":"35917_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5133","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1215840110","volume":"110","author":"J DeFuria","year":"2013","unstructured":"DeFuria, J. et al. B cells promote inflammation in obesity and type 2 diabetes through regulation of T-cell function and an inflammatory cytokine profile. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 110, 5133\u20135138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1215840110 (2013).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"35917_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2013.00071","volume":"4","author":"H Kwon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kwon, H. & Pessin, J. E. Adipokines mediate inflammation and insulin resistance. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne). 4, 71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2013.00071 (2013).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"35917_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.28332","volume":"10","author":"HL Park","year":"2014","unstructured":"Park, H. L. et al. Obesity-induced chronic inflammation is associated with the reduced efficacy of influenza vaccine. Hum. Vaccin Immunother. 10, 1181\u20131186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/hv.28332 (2014).","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"35917_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3127","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903220","volume":"184","author":"EA Karlsson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Karlsson, E. A., Sheridan, P. A. & Beck, M. A. Diet-induced obesity impairs the T cell memory response to influenza virus infection. J. Immunol. 184, 3127\u20133133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.0903220 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"35917_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir731","volume":"205","author":"YH Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim, Y. H. et al. Diet-induced obesity dramatically reduces the efficacy of a 2009 pandemic H1N1 vaccine in a mouse model. J. Infect. Dis. 205, 244\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jir731 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"35917_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"020421","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.09.020421","volume":"9","author":"J Paget","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paget, J. et al. Global mortality associated with seasonal influenza epidemics: new burden estimates and predictors from the glamor project. J. Glob Health. 9, 020421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7189\/jogh.09.020421 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Glob Health"},{"key":"35917_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-024-00874-4","volume":"9","author":"Y Hou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hou, Y. et al. Insights into vaccines for elderly individuals: from the impacts of Immunosenescence to delivery strategies. NPJ Vaccines. 9, 77. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41541-024-00874-4 (2024).","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"35917_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7432a2","volume":"74","author":"LA Grohskopf","year":"2025","unstructured":"Grohskopf, L. A. et al. Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization Practices - United States, 2025-26 influenza season. MMWR Morb Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 74, 500\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7432a2 (2025).","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"35917_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1121","volume":"166","author":"WA Keitel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Keitel, W. A. et al. Safety of high doses of influenza vaccine and effect on antibody responses in elderly persons. Arch. Intern. Med. 166, 1121\u20131127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1121 (2006).","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"35917_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1315727","volume":"371","author":"CA DiazGranados","year":"2014","unstructured":"DiazGranados, C. A. et al. Efficacy of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccine in older adults. N Engl. J. Med. 371, 635\u2013645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1315727 (2014).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"35917_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028020935645","volume":"55","author":"EB Chahine","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chahine, E. B. High-Dose inactivated influenza vaccine quadrivalent for older adults. Ann. Pharmacother. 55, 89\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1060028020935645 (2021).","journal-title":"Ann. Pharmacother"},{"key":"35917_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.23239","volume":"9","author":"A Orsi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Orsi, A. et al. Cross-protection against drifted influenza viruses: options offered by adjuvanted and intradermal vaccines. Hum. Vaccin Immunother. 9, 582\u2013590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/hv.23239 (2013).","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"35917_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1016\/s0264-410x(00)00499-0","volume":"19","author":"A Podda","year":"2001","unstructured":"Podda, A. The adjuvanted influenza vaccines with novel adjuvants: experience with the MF59-adjuvanted vaccine. Vaccine 19, 2673\u20132680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0264-410x(00)00499-0 (2001).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"35917_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2013.45.2.159","volume":"45","author":"TF Tsai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tsai, T. F. Fluad(R)-MF59(R)-Adjuvanted influenza vaccine in older adults. Infect. Chemother. 45, 159\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3947\/ic.2013.45.2.159 (2013).","journal-title":"Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"35917_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-025-03209-6","volume":"26","author":"SY Ahn","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ahn, S. Y., Ho, T. L. & Ko, E. J. Evaluation of the influenza vaccine protection in the house dust mite-induced chronic allergic asthma mice model and the evaluation of squalene oil in water emulsion as an adjuvant candidate. Respir Res. 26, 132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12931-025-03209-6 (2025).","journal-title":"Respir Res."},{"key":"35917_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21769\/bioprotoc.1631","author":"X Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu, X. & Quan, N. Immune cell isolation from mouse femur bone marrow. Bio Protoc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21769\/bioprotoc.1631 (2015).","journal-title":"Bio Protoc."},{"key":"35917_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L519","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00312.2006","volume":"292","author":"PJ Dubin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dubin, P. J. & Kolls, J. K. IL-23 mediates inflammatory responses to mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 292, L519\u2013528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplung.00312.2006 (2007).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"35917_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a118408","volume":"27","author":"LJ Reed","year":"1938","unstructured":"Reed, L. J. & Muench, H. A simple method of estimating & fifty per cent endpoints. Am. J. Epidemiol. 27, 493\u2013497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a118408 (1938).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"35917_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13426","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1007884107","volume":"107","author":"Z Alipio","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alipio, Z. et al. Reversal of hyperglycemia in diabetic mouse models using induced-pluripotent stem (iPS)-derived pancreatic beta-like cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 107, 13426\u201313431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1007884107 (2010).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"35917_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13217","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1409638111","volume":"111","author":"Y Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee, Y. et al. Hyperglycemia in rodent models of type 2 diabetes requires insulin-resistant alpha cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 111, 13217\u201313222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1409638111 (2014).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"35917_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2013.05.001","volume":"19","author":"G Cildir","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cildir, G., Akincilar, S. C. & Tergaonkar, V. Chronic adipose tissue inflammation: all immune cells on the stage. Trends Mol. Med. 19, 487\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmed.2013.05.001 (2013).","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"issue":"1121\u20131136","key":"35917_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.07.002","volume":"34","author":"T Hagglof","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hagglof, T. et al. T-bet(+) B cells accumulate in adipose tissue and exacerbate metabolic disorder during obesity. Cell Metab. 34(1121\u20131136), e1126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.07.002 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"35917_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2024.12.006","volume":"18","author":"P Barbosa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barbosa, P. et al. High percentage of immune Th1 and Tc1 cells infiltrating visceral adipose tissue in people with obesity. Obes. Res. Clin. Pract. 18, 426\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.orcp.2024.12.006 (2024).","journal-title":"Obes. Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"35917_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2300670","volume":"213","author":"D Frasca","year":"2024","unstructured":"Frasca, D., Romero, M. & Blomberg, B. B. Similarities in B cell defects between aging and obesity. J. Immunol. 213, 1407\u20131413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.2300670 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"35917_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.12.044","volume":"378","author":"W Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, W. et al. Biodistribution and mechanisms of action of MF59 and MF59-like adjuvants. J. Control Release. 378, 573\u2013587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.12.044 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Control Release"},{"key":"35917_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.09.061","volume":"30","author":"DT O\u2019Hagan","year":"2012","unstructured":"O\u2019Hagan, D. T., Ott, G. S., De Gregorio, E. & Seubert, A. The mechanism of action of MF59 - an innately attractive adjuvant formulation. Vaccine 30, 4341\u20134348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.09.061 (2012).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"35917_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101117","volume":"4","author":"C Chauvin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chauvin, C., Retnakumar, S. V. & Bayry, J. Obesity negatively impacts maintenance of antibody response to COVID-19 vaccines. Cell. Rep. Med. 4, 101117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101117 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell. Rep. Med."},{"key":"35917_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-024-00489-2","volume":"21","author":"TR Valentino","year":"2024","unstructured":"Valentino, T. R. et al. The role of autoantibodies in bridging obesity, aging, and Immunosenescence. Immun. Ageing. 21, 85. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12979-024-00489-2 (2024).","journal-title":"Immun. Ageing"},{"key":"35917_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01144-16","author":"EA Karlsson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karlsson, E. A. et al. Obesity outweighs protection conferred by adjuvanted influenza vaccination. mBio https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mBio.01144-16 (2016).","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"35917_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2019.12.009","volume":"219","author":"TY Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee, T. Y. et al. Outer membrane vesicle increases the efficacy of an influenza vaccine in a diet-induced obese mouse model. Immunol. Lett. 219, 27\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imlet.2019.12.009 (2020).","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"35917_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-023-12490-8","volume":"107","author":"CJ Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, C. J. et al. Elicitation of potent neutralizing antibodies in obese mice by ISA 51-adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD-Fc vaccine. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 107, 2983\u20132995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00253-023-12490-8 (2023).","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"35917_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00289","volume":"7","author":"AN Moorthy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moorthy, A. N., Tan, K. B., Wang, S., Narasaraju, T. & Chow, V. T. Effect of High-Fat diet on the formation of pulmonary neutrophil extracellular traps during influenza pneumonia in BALB\/c mice. Front. Immunol. 7, 289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00289 (2016).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"35917_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.5.1236","volume":"137","author":"AG Smith","year":"2007","unstructured":"Smith, A. G., Sheridan, P. A., Harp, J. B. & Beck, M. A. Diet-induced obese mice have increased mortality and altered immune responses when infected with influenza virus. J. Nutr. 137, 1236\u20131243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/137.5.1236 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35917-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35917-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35917-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T22:02:39Z","timestamp":1770933759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-35917-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["35917"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-35917-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"6011"}}