{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T19:14:13Z","timestamp":1773861253358,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Medical Research Institute of Hebei Province","award":["20201160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20201160"]}]},{"name":"the Medical Research Institute of Hebei Province","award":["20201160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20201160"]}]},{"name":"the Medical Research Institute of Hebei Province","award":["20201160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20201160"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-36582-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T08:34:59Z","timestamp":1769243699000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and validation of a nomogram prediction model for thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yinghao","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yating","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"36582_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02121-2","volume":"19","author":"F Rong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rong, F. et al. Association between thyroid dysfunction and type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. BMC Med. 19, 1\u201313 (2021).","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"36582_CR2","first-page":"341","volume":"33","author":"MR Islam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Islam, M. R. & Sultana, N. Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mymensingh Med. J. 33 (2), 341\u2013349 (2024).","journal-title":"Mymensingh Med. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"36582_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26556","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-76074-w","volume":"14","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Increased FT3\/FT4 ratio in a certain range is associated with decreased glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sci. Rep. 14 (1), 26556 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"10","key":"36582_CR4","first-page":"e72339","volume":"16","author":"V Vinod","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vinod, V., Rajagambeeram, R. & Samal, R. Evaluation of thyroid function and its relation to glycemic status in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Cureus 16 (10), e72339 (2024).","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"36","key":"36582_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39339","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000039339","volume":"103","author":"D Binjawhar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Binjawhar, D. & Mohammedsaeed, W. The determinants of leptin, angiopoietin like 8, and thyroid hormones levels in Saudi females with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective study. Med. (Baltim). 103 (36), e39339 (2024).","journal-title":"Med. (Baltim)."},{"key":"36582_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2022.0013","volume":"46","author":"YS Eom","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eom, Y. S., Wilson, J. R. & Bernet, V. J. Links between thyroid disorders and glucose homeostasis. Diabetes Metab. J. 46, 239 (2022).","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. J."},{"key":"36582_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-018-0256-0","volume":"18","author":"J. Jang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jang, J. et al. Association between thyroid hormones and the components of metabolic syndrome. BMC Endocr. Disord. 18, 29 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-018-0256-0 (2018).","journal-title":"BMC Endocr. Disord"},{"key":"36582_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2861034","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2861034","volume":"2018","author":"C. Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, C., Xie, Z., Shen, Y. & Xia, S. F. The roles of thyroid and thyroid hormone in pancreas: Physiology and pathology. Int. J. Endocrinol. 2018, 2861034 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"36582_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.15.3.254","volume":"15","author":"M Potenza","year":"2009","unstructured":"Potenza, M., Via, M. A. & Yanagisawa, R. T. Excess thyroid hormone and carbohydrate metabolism. Endocr. Pract. 15, 254\u2013262 (2009).","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"key":"36582_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mullur, R., Liu, Y. Y. & Brent, G. A. Thyroid hormone regulation of metabolism. Physiol. Rev. 94 355 (2014).","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00030.2013"},{"key":"36582_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp18X694793","volume":"68","author":"RJ Ward","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ward, R. J., Heald, A. H., Ogunmekan, S., Fryer, A. A. & Duff, C. J. Should we be screening for thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? Br. J. Gen. Pract. 68, 94\u201395 (2018).","journal-title":"Br. J. Gen. Pract."},{"issue":"9","key":"36582_CR12","first-page":"e70462","volume":"16","author":"JTVK Pavan Kumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pavan Kumar, J. T. V. K. Comparison of thyroid function tests among type 2 diabetes patients with and without diabetic nephropathy and controls. Cureus 16 (9), e70462 (2024).","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"36582_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-024-01699-x","volume":"24","author":"J Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao, J. & Liu, J. Correlation of serum Thyrotropin and thyroid hormone levels with diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr. Disord. 24 (1), 170 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Endocr. Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"36582_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19603","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-70673-3","volume":"14","author":"M Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun, M. et al. Correlation between thyroid hormone sensitivity and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in euthyroid patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sci. Rep. 14 (1), 19603 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"36582_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-024-03733-3","volume":"85","author":"Z Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, Z. et al. Association between thyroid autoimmunity and bone mineral density in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. Endocrine 85 (2), 604\u2013614 (2024).","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"6","key":"36582_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e152","DOI":"10.1002\/cai2.152","volume":"3","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Prognostic nomograms for young breast cancer: A retrospective study based on the SEER and METABRIC databases. Cancer Innov. 3 (6), e152 (2024).","journal-title":"Cancer Innov."},{"issue":"12","key":"36582_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7909","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-10818-0","volume":"34","author":"A Schrader","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schrader, A. et al. Prostate cancer risk assessment and avoidance of prostate biopsies using fully automatic deep learning in prostate MRI: comparison to PI-RADS and integration with clinical data in nomograms. Eur. Radiol. 34 (12), 7909\u20137920 (2024).","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"36582_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8240","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-024-15891-9","volume":"31","author":"P Rojas-Garcia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rojas-Garcia, P. et al. Using nomograms wisely: predicting Sentinel node positivity in melanoma. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 31 (12), 8240\u20138244 (2024).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"36582_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61081427","volume":"61","author":"Y. Catma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Catma, Y. et al. Higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: effects on glycemic Control, diabetic complications and comorbidities. Medicina 61, 1427 (2025).","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"36582_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moosazadeh, M. et al. The prevalence and determinants of diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorder comorbidity in Tabari cohort population. Sci. Rep., 14 17577 (2024).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68569-3"},{"key":"36582_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417920","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/417920","volume":"2013","author":"M. Al-Geffari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Al-Geffari, M. et al. Risk factors for thyroid dysfunction among type 2 diabetic patients in a highly diabetes mellitus prevalent society. Int. J. Endocrinol. 2013 417920 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"36582_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S273900","volume":"13","author":"A. H. Khassawneh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khassawneh, A. H. et al. Prevalence and predictors of thyroid dysfunction among type 2 diabetic patients: A case-control study. Int. J. Gen. Med. 13, 803\u2013816 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"36582_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2021.1332","volume":"37","author":"J Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim, J. et al. Repeated low High-Density lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk of thyroid cancer: A nationwide Population- based study in Korea. Endocrinol. Metab. (Seoul). 37 (2), 303\u2013311 (2022).","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab. (Seoul)"},{"key":"36582_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4106","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14174106","volume":"14","author":"JH Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park, J. H., Cho, H. S. & Yoon, J. H. Thyroid cancer in patients with metabolic syndrome or its components: A NationwidePopulation-Based cohort study. Cancers 14, 4106 (2022).","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"36582_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2019.0699","volume":"30","author":"JH Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park, J. H. et al. Metabolic syndrome and the risk of thyroid cancer: A nationwide Population-Based cohort study. Thyroid 30, 1496\u20131504 (2020).","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"36582_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2398","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa250","volume":"105","author":"JM Fussey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fussey, J. M. et al. Does obesity cause thyroid cancer? A Mendelian randomization study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 105, e2398\u2013e2407 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"36582_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24014","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24014","volume":"35","author":"H Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu, H. et al. Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio as an independent risk factor for papillary thyroid carcinoma. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 35, e24014 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lab. Anal."},{"key":"36582_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508126","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.508126","volume":"10","author":"J Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao, J. et al. Hypercholesterolemia is an associated factor for risk of differentiated thyroid cancer in Chinese population. Front. Oncol. 10, 508126 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"36582_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4661","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.898134","volume":"22","author":"A Skoczy\u0144ska","year":"2016","unstructured":"Skoczy\u0144ska, A. et al. Serum lipid transfer proteins in hypothyreotic patients are inversely correlated with Thyroid-Stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Med. Sci. Monit. 22, 4661\u20134669 (2016).","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"36582_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.2174\/1874192401105010076","volume":"5","author":"CV Rizos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rizos, C. V., Elisaf, M. S. & Liberopoulos, E. N. Effects of thyroid dysfunction on lipid profile. Open. Cardiovasc. Med. J. 5, 76\u201384 (2011).","journal-title":"Open. Cardiovasc. Med. J."},{"key":"36582_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00511","volume":"9","author":"LH Duntas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Duntas, L. H. & Brenta, G. A renewed focus on the association between thyroid hormones and lipid metabolism. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne). 9, 511 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"36582_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5089","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S363474","volume":"15","author":"J Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, J. & Jiang, S. Development and validation of a model that predicts the risk of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A Cross-Sectional study. Int. J. Gen. Med. 15, 5089\u20135101 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Med."},{"key":"36582_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842884","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.842884","volume":"9","author":"QP Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, Q. P., Chen, Y. Y., Li, Z. & Xu, M. Major risk factors analysis of pruritus complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus and the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention. Front. Surg. 9, 842884 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Surg."},{"key":"36582_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110917","volume":"204","author":"S Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, S. et al. An environment-wide association study for the identification of non-invasive factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus: analysis based on the Henan rural cohort study. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 204, 110917 (2023).","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"36582_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-27455-0","volume":"13","author":"YS An","year":"2023","unstructured":"An, Y. S., Lee, J., Kim, H. K., Lee, S. J. & Yoon, J. K. Effect of withdrawal of thyroid hormones versus administration of Recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone on renal function in thyroid cancer patients. Sci. Rep. 13 (1), 206 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"667","key":"36582_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp18X694793","volume":"68","author":"RJ Ward","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ward, R. J., Heald, A. H., Ogunmekan, S., Fryer, A. A. & Duff, C. J. Should we be screening for thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? Br. J. Gen. Pract. 68 (667), 94\u201395 (2018).","journal-title":"Br. J. Gen. Pract."},{"key":"36582_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chauhan, A. & Patel, S. S. Thyroid Hormone and Diabetes Mellitus Interplay: Making Management of Comorbid Disorders Complicated. Horm. Metab. Res. (2024). . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2374-8756","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2374-8756"},{"key":"36582_CR38","first-page":"10","volume":"17","author":"RA Sinha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sinha, R. A., Bruinstroop, E. & Yen, P. M. Actions of thyroid hormones and thyromimetics on the liver. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 17, 10 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"36582_CR39","first-page":"101536","volume":"55","author":"NNM Soetedjo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Soetedjo, N. N. M., Agustini, D. & Permana, H. The impact of thyroid disorder on cardiovascular disease: unraveling the connection and implications for patient care. Int. J. Cardiol. Heart Vasc. 55, 101536 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol. Heart Vasc"},{"key":"36582_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445916","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1445916","volume":"15","author":"Y Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang, Y. et al. Predicting thyroid involvement in primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: development and validation of a predictive nomogram. Front. Immunol. 15, 1445916 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-36582-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-36582-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-36582-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T11:59:28Z","timestamp":1773835168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-36582-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["36582"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-36582-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2026","order":6,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":7,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The original online version of this Article was revised: The Funding section in the original version of this Article contained an error in a grand funders\u2019 name. The Funding section now reads: \u201cThis study was sponsored by grants from the Medical Science Research Project of Hebei (20201143) and the Medical Science Research Project of Hebei (20241554).\u201d","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The Medical Ethics Committee of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University approved this study. Informed consent was waived by the Medical Ethics Committee of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University since it was a retrospective study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"6115"}}