{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T11:10:04Z","timestamp":1771240204476,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Hospitals Authority\u2019s Ascent Plan","award":["DFL20240402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20240402"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005088","name":"Beijing Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BJRITO-RDP-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJRITO-RDP-2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005088","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-36638-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T08:16:41Z","timestamp":1769588201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An automatic congenital radio-ulnar synostosis deformity evaluation method (CRUS-DE): integrating TLT-SAM and GPMM-R for landmark identification"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianfeng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shanlin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yubing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinhua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"36638_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.09.031","volume":"35A","author":"KC Oberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oberg, K. C., Feenstra, J. M., Manske, P. R. & Tonkin, M. A. Developmental biology and classification of congenital anomalies of the hand and upper extremity. J. Hand Surg. -Am Vol. 35A, 2066\u20132076 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg. -Am Vol"},{"key":"36638_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-014-0418-3","volume":"40","author":"EE Desteli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Desteli, E. E., \u0130mren, Y., Erdo\u011fan, M., Sar\u0131soy, G. & Co\u015fgun, S. Comparison of upper limb amputees and lower limb amputees: A psychosocial perspective. Eur. J. Trauma. Emerg. Surg. 40, 735\u2013739 (2014).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Trauma. Emerg. Surg."},{"key":"36638_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25428","volume":"41","author":"S Mania","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mania, S. et al. Malunion deformity of the forearm: Three-Dimensional length variation of interosseous membrane and bone collision. J. Orthop. Res. 41, 727\u2013736 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"36638_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14731","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94141-4","volume":"11","author":"JGG Dobbe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dobbe, J. G. G., Kloen, P., Strackee, S. D. & Streekstra, G. J. Comparison of an oblique single cut rotation osteotomy with a novel 3D Computer-Assisted oblique double cut alignment approach. Sci. Rep. 11, 14731 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"36638_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211728","DOI":"10.1080\/24699322.2023.2211728","volume":"28","author":"T Roth","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roth, T. et al. An automated optimization pipeline for Clinical-Grade Computer-Assisted planning of high tibial osteotomies under consideration of Weight-Bearing. Comput. Assist. Surg. 28, 2211728 (2023).","journal-title":"Comput. Assist. Surg."},{"key":"36638_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.01397","volume":"100","author":"AF Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, A. F., Kazarian, G. S., Jessop, G. W. & Makhdom, A. Robotic technology in orthopaedic surgery. J. Bone Jt. Surg. 100, 1984\u20131992 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg."},{"key":"36638_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"02TR01","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/acaae9","volume":"68","author":"X Fan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fan, X., Zhu, Q., Tu, P., Joskowicz, L. & Chen, X. A review of advances in image-guided orthopedic surgery. Phys. Med. Biol. 68, 02TR01 (2023).","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"36638_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0258232","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258232","volume":"16","author":"E Hong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hong, E., Kwak, D. S. & Kim, I. B. Morphological symmetry of the radius and Ulna\u2014Can contralateral forearm bones utilize as a reliable template for the opposite side. PLOS ONE. 16, e0258232 (2021).","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"36638_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, B. et al. DGHNE: network enhancement-based method in identifying disease-causing genes through a heterogeneous biomedical network. Brief. Bioinform, 23(6), bbac405 (2022).","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbac405"},{"key":"36638_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1243\/09544119JEIM276","volume":"221","author":"P Belei","year":"2007","unstructured":"Belei, P., Schkommodau, E., Frenkel, A., Mumme, T. & Radermacher, K. Computer-assisted single- or double-cut oblique osteotomies for the correction of lower limb deformities. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. H. 221, 787\u2013800 (2007).","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. H"},{"key":"36638_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpo.0000161833.57409.bb","volume":"25","author":"M Fujimoto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fujimoto, M., Kato, H. & Minami, A. Rotational osteotomy at the diaphysis of the radius in the treatment of congenital Radioulnar synostosis. J. Pediatr. Orthop. 25, 676\u2013679 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"key":"36638_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0161110","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161110","volume":"11","author":"AD Mariano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mariano, A. D., Kowaleski, M. P. & Boudrieau, R. J. Novel TPLO alignment Jig\/Saw guide reproduces freehand and ideal osteotomy positions. PLOS ONE. 11, e0161110 (2016).","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"36638_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-022-00830-9","volume":"27","author":"H Delbr\u00fcck","year":"2022","unstructured":"Delbr\u00fcck, H., Weber, D. C., Eschweiler, J. & Hildebrand, F. 3D accuracy and clinical outcomes of corrective osteotomies with Patient-Specific instruments in complex upper extremity deformities: an approach for investigation and correlation. Eur. J. Med. Res. 27, 197 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"36638_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000673","volume":"37","author":"AS Bauer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bauer, A. S., Storelli, D. A. R., Sibbel, S. E., Mccarroll, H. R. & Lattanza, L. L. Preoperative computer simulation and Patient-Specific guides are safe and effective to correct forearm deformity in children. J. Pediatr. Orthop. 37, 504\u2013510 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"key":"36638_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s11751-015-0234-2","volume":"10","author":"MMJ Walenkamp","year":"2015","unstructured":"Walenkamp, M. M. J. et al. Computer-Assisted 3D planned corrective osteotomies in eight malunited radius fractures. Strateg Trauma. Limb Reconstr. 10, 109\u2013116 (2015).","journal-title":"Strateg Trauma. Limb Reconstr."},{"key":"36638_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102925","volume":"108","author":"M Benayoun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Benayoun, M. et al. 3D planning and Patient-Specific surgical guides in forearm osteotomy in children: radiographic accuracy and clinical morbidity. Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. 108, 102925 (2022).","journal-title":"Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res."},{"key":"36638_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13701","volume":"15","author":"C Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, C., Liu, L., Wei, Q., Bai, F. & Chen, S. Quantitative analysis of deformity in digital model of congenital Radioulnar synostosis. Orthop. Surg. 15, 1348\u20131356 (2023).","journal-title":"Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"36638_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0155659","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155659","volume":"11","author":"D Douma-den Hamer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Douma-den Hamer, D. et al. Ultrasound for distal forearm fracture: A systematic review and diagnostic Meta-Analysis. PLOS ONE. 11, e0155659 (2016).","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"36638_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2012.10.033","volume":"45","author":"SY Baek","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baek, S. Y. et al. Automated bone landmarks prediction on the femur using anatomical deformation technique. Comput. -Aided Des. 45, 505\u2013510 (2013).","journal-title":"Comput. -Aided Des."},{"key":"36638_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-015-1155-8","volume":"10","author":"CB Phan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Phan, C. B. & Koo, S. Predicting anatomical landmarks and bone morphology of the femur using local region matching. Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg. 10, 1711\u20131719 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg."},{"key":"36638_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2009.03.001","volume":"33","author":"K Subburaj","year":"2009","unstructured":"Subburaj, K., Ravi, B. & Agarwal, M. Automated identification of anatomical landmarks on 3D bone models reconstructed from CT scan images. Comput. Med. Imaging Graph. 33, 359\u2013368 (2009).","journal-title":"Comput. Med. Imaging Graph"},{"key":"36638_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.12.013","volume":"47","author":"S Kai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kai, S. et al. Automatic construction of an anatomical coordinate system for three-dimensional bone models of the lower extremities \u2013 Pelvis, femur, and tibia. J. Biomech. 47, 1229\u20131233 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"36638_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.05.042","volume":"38","author":"G Wu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wu, G. et al. ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate systems of various joints for the reporting of human joint Motion\u2013Part II: Shoulder, Elbow, wrist and hand. J. Biomech. 38, 981\u2013992 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"36638_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1975.01360140197053","volume":"110","author":"B Cannon","year":"1975","unstructured":"Cannon, B. Congenital deformities of the hand and forearm. Arch. Surg. 110, 1053 (1975).","journal-title":"Arch. Surg."},{"key":"36638_CR25","unstructured":"Kirillov, A. et al. Segment Anything. Preprint at http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2304.02643 (2023)."},{"key":"36638_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2017.2739743","volume":"40","author":"M Luthi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luthi, M., Gerig, T., Jud, C. & Vetter, T. Gaussian process morphable models. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 40, 1860\u20131873 (2018).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"36638_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-013-1639-y","volume":"42","author":"TH Olesen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Olesen TH, Torfing T, Overgaard S. MPR realignment increases accuracy when measuring femoral neck anteversion angle. Skeletal Radiol. 42(8),1119\u201325.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-013-1639-y PMID: 23689688. (2013).","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"36638_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30759","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-80905-1","volume":"14","author":"Y Cui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cui, Y. et al. A dual dimensional optimization strategy for automatic osteotomy preoperative planning in congenital Radioulnar synostosis. Sci. Rep. 14 (1), 30759 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"36638_CR29","first-page":"815","volume":"5","author":"L Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, L. et al. Design of automatically generated patient-specific instrument guides for congenital Radioulnar synostosis. J. CAP MED. UNIV. 5, 815\u2013822 (2024).","journal-title":"J. CAP MED. UNIV."},{"issue":"4","key":"36638_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2598","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2024.3453037","volume":"30","author":"J Kou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kou, J., Wang, Y., Chen, Z., Shi, Y. & Guo, Q. Gait planning and multimodal Human-Exoskeleton cooperative control based on central pattern generator. IEEE\/ASME Trans. Mechatron. 30 (4), 2598\u20132608 (2025).","journal-title":"IEEE\/ASME Trans. Mechatron."},{"key":"36638_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen,Y.,Yu,W. Benali,A.,et al.  Towards Human-like Walking with Biomechanical and Neuromuscular Control Features: Personalized Attachment Point Optimization Method of Cable-Driven Exoskeleton.Front Aging Neurosci. 16, 1327397 (2024).","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1327397"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-36638-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-36638-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-36638-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T10:19:22Z","timestamp":1771237162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-36638-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["36638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-36638-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"6434"}}