{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T16:46:06Z","timestamp":1784133966005,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-36809-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T13:34:02Z","timestamp":1768829642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Serum Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence among patients with direct-acting antiviral-induced HCV cure"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yu-Ping","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Chu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tung-Hung","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shang-Chin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai-Chung","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Jer","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Jen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Horng","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-Hua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"36809_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2024.2396024","volume":"25","author":"CH Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, C. H., Chang, Y. P. & Kao, J. H. Cutting-edge pharmacotherapy for hepatitis C virus infection: a comprehensive review. Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 25, 1691\u20131706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14656566.2024.2396024 (2024).","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother"},{"key":"36809_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(23)01320-x","volume":"402","author":"M Martinello","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martinello, M., Solomon, S. S., Terrault, N. A., Dore, G. J. & Hepatitis, C. Lancet 402, 1085\u20131096 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(23)01320-x (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"36809_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1097\/hep.0000000000000466","volume":"78","author":"AG Singal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singal, A. G. et al. AASLD practice guidance on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 78, 1922\u20131965. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/hep.0000000000000466 (2023).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"36809_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tzartzeva, K. et al. Surveillance imaging and alpha fetoprotein for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 154, 1706\u20131718.e1701.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.01.064 (2018).","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.01.064"},{"key":"36809_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32779","volume":"78","author":"YT Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee, Y. T., Fujiwara, N., Yang, J. D. & Hoshida, Y. Risk stratification and early detection biomarkers for precision HCC screening. Hepatology 78, 319\u2013362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.32779 (2023).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"36809_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01065","volume":"3","author":"A Kuno","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kuno, A. et al. A serum sweet-doughnut protein facilitates fibrosis evaluation and therapy assessment in patients with viral hepatitis. Sci. Rep. 3, 1065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep01065 (2013).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"36809_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12112650","volume":"12","author":"CH Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, C. H. et al. Serum Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer to predict the severity of hepatic fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Diagnostics (Basel). 12, 2650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics12112650 (2022).","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"36809_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16680","volume":"39","author":"YP Chang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chang, Y. P. et al. Serum Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer dynamics in patients achieving sustained virologic response for hepatitis C virus. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 39, 2439\u20132446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.16680 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"36809_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-024-02100-3","volume":"59","author":"H Uojima","year":"2024","unstructured":"Uojima, H. et al. Quantitative measurements of M2BPGi depend on liver fibrosis and inflammation. J. Gastroenterol. 59, 598\u2013608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00535-024-02100-3 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"36809_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27305","volume":"60","author":"K Yamasaki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yamasaki, K. et al. Elevated serum levels of wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive human Mac-2 binding protein predict the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C patients. Hepatology 60, 1563\u20131570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.27305 (2014).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"36809_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E82","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12466","volume":"45","author":"N Tamaki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tamaki, N. et al. Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive human Mac-2-binding protein as a predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma development in chronic hepatitis C patients. Hepatol. Res. 45, E82\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hepr.12466 (2015).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Res."},{"key":"36809_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4517","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124517","volume":"21","author":"K Takemura","year":"2020","unstructured":"Takemura, K. et al. Post-Treatment M2BPGi level and the rate of autotaxin reduction are predictive of hepatocellular carcinoma development after antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21, 4517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21124517 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"36809_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0129053","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129053","volume":"10","author":"R Sasaki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sasaki, R. et al. Serum wisteria floribunda Agglutinin-Positive Mac-2 binding protein values predict the development of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic hepatitis C after sustained virological response. PLoS One. 10, e0129053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0129053 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"36809_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.05.028","volume":"67","author":"H Nagata","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nagata, H. et al. Effect of interferon-based and -free therapy on early occurrence and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C. J. Hepatol. 67, 933\u2013939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.05.028 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"36809_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13233","volume":"48","author":"Y Yasui","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yasui, Y. et al. Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2 binding protein predicts early occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after sustained virologic response by direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C virus. Hepatol. Res. 48, 1131\u20131139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hepr.13233 (2018).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Res."},{"key":"36809_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3640","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103640","volume":"21","author":"L Osawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Osawa, L. et al. Wisteria floribunda Agglutinin-Positive Mac-2 binding protein but not \u03b1-fetoprotein as a Long-Term hepatocellular carcinoma predictor. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21, 3640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21103640 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"36809_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-020-01715-6","volume":"55","author":"M Nakagawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nakagawa, M. et al. Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer as a novel predictive biomarker for patient survival after hepatitis C virus eradication by DAAs. J. Gastroenterol. 55, 990\u2013999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00535-020-01715-6 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"36809_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-021-11011-z","volume":"29","author":"K Yugawa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yugawa, K. et al. Mac-2-Binding protein glycosylation isomer as a novel predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence in patients with hepatitis C virus eradication. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 29, 2711\u20132719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1245\/s10434-021-11011-z (2022).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"36809_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10030173","volume":"10","author":"T Hayashi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hayashi, T. et al. Use of the serum wisteria floribunda Agglutinin-Positive Mac2 binding protein as a marker of gastroesophageal varices and Liver-Related events in chronic hepatitis C patients. Diagnostics (Basel). 10, 173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics10030173 (2020).","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"36809_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1097\/sla.0000000000001836","volume":"265","author":"Y Okuda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Okuda, Y. et al. Usefulness of Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer for prediction of posthepatectomy liver failure in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann. Surg. 265, 1201\u20131208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/sla.0000000000001836 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"36809_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.21972","volume":"333","author":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki","year":"2025","unstructured":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical research involving human participants. Jama 333, 71\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2024.21972 (2025).","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"36809_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29686","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29686","volume":"96","author":"YP Chang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chang, Y. P. et al. Comparison of diagnostic performance among Abbott realtime HCV genotyping II, Abbott HCV genotype plus RUO, and Roche Cobas HCV genotyping assays for hepatitis C virus genotyping. J. Med. Virol. 96, e29686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.29686 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"36809_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-1-200207020-00006","volume":"137","author":"D Prati","year":"2002","unstructured":"Prati, D. et al. Updated definitions of healthy ranges for serum Alanine aminotransferase levels. Ann. Intern. Med. 137, 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-137-1-200207020-00006 (2002).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"36809_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.02.008","volume":"48","author":"L Castera","year":"2008","unstructured":"Castera, L., Forns, X. & Alberti, A. Non-invasive evaluation of liver fibrosis using transient elastography. J. Hepatol. 48, 835\u2013847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.02.008 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"36809_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.70029","volume":"61","author":"YP Chang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chang, Y. P. et al. Risk of incident type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in patients with direct acting Antiviral-Induced cure of hepatitis C virus infection. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 61, 1508\u20131518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.70029 (2025).","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"36809_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2023.10.005","volume":"122","author":"CH Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, C. H., Lin, H. C. & Kao, J. H. Toward the hepatitis C virus elimination in asia: the policy forum from the 2023 Asian Pacific association of the study of the liver (APASL). J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 122, 1234\u20131237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfma.2023.10.005 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"36809_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13501","volume":"50","author":"Y Asahina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Asahina, Y. JSH guidelines for the management of hepatitis C virus Infection, 2019 Update; protective effect of antiviral therapy against hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatol. Res. 50, 775\u2013790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hepr.13501 (2020).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Res."},{"key":"36809_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fujita, K. et al. Fibrosis staging using direct serum biomarkers is influenced by hepatitis activity grading in hepatitis C virus infection. J. Clin. Med. 7 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm7090267 (2018).","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7090267"},{"key":"36809_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-017-1425-z","volume":"53","author":"K Shirabe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shirabe, K. et al. Mac-2 binding protein glycan isomer (M2BPGi) is a new serum biomarker for assessing liver fibrosis: more than a biomarker of liver fibrosis. J. Gastroenterol. 53, 819\u2013826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00535-017-1425-z (2018).","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"36809_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.016","volume":"74","author":"G Ioannou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ioannou, G. N. HCC surveillance after SVR in patients with F3\/F4 fibrosis. J. Hepatol. 74, 458\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.10.016 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"36809_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.11.040","volume":"74","author":"F Negro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Negro, F. Residual risk of liver disease after hepatitis C virus eradication. J. Hepatol. 74, 952\u2013963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.11.040 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"36809_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780165","volume":"80","author":"V Paradis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Paradis, V. et al. Clonal analysis of micronodules in virus C-induced liver cirrhosis using laser capture microdissection (LCM) and HUMARA assay. Lab. Invest. 80, 1553\u20131559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/labinvest.3780165 (2000).","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"36809_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.12.018","volume":"17","author":"H Farhang Zangneh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Farhang Zangneh, H. et al. Cost effectiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance after a sustained virologic response to therapy in patients with hepatitis C virus infection and advanced fibrosis. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 17, 1840\u20131849e1816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.12.018 (2019).","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"36809_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2023.04.018","volume":"55","author":"A Nicoletti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nicoletti, A. et al. Dynamics of liver stiffness predicts complications in patients with HCV related cirrhosis treated with direct-acting antivirals. Dig. Liver Dis. 55, 1472\u20131479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2023.04.018 (2023).","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"36809_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.008","author":"P Nahon","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nahon, P. et al. Value of non-invasive test dynamics in guiding HCC surveillance decisions after HCV cure in patients with cirrhosis. J. Hepatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.008 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"36809_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13830","volume":"30","author":"C Moreau","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moreau, C. et al. Dynamic personalized prediction of the individual liver-related risk after sustained viral response in HCV patients. J. Viral Hepat. 30, 567\u2013577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvh.13830 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Viral Hepat."},{"key":"36809_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5640","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29235640","volume":"29","author":"H Shimazaki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shimazaki, H. et al. M2BPgs-HCC: an automated multilectin bead array indicating aberrant glycosylation signatures toward hepatitis C Virus-Associated hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis. Molecules 29, 5640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules29235640 (2024).","journal-title":"Molecules"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-36809-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-36809-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-36809-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T09:15:22Z","timestamp":1770801322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-36809-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["36809"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-36809-3","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7613735\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"5757"}}