{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T13:05:52Z","timestamp":1770815152693,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Morinomiya University President\u2019s Research Encouragement Award","award":["2025MPA1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025MPA1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-36815-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T13:42:39Z","timestamp":1768916559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relationship between pelvic incidence and hip, pelvic, and lumbar motion during squatting in healthy individuals with high and low pelvic incidence"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Tsutsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akimi","family":"Nakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Kakimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Hoshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinsuke","family":"Matsuzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shintarou","family":"Kudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"36815_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.07.004","volume":"21","author":"R Agricola","year":"2013","unstructured":"Agricola, R. et al. Pincer deformity does not lead to osteoarthritis of the hip whereas acetabular dysplasia does: Acetabular coverage and development of osteoarthritis in a nationwide prospective cohort study (CHECK). Osteoarthr. Cartil. 21, 1514\u20131521 (2013).","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"36815_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199012000-00023","volume":"261","author":"SB Murphy","year":"1990","unstructured":"Murphy, S. B., Kijewski, P. K., Millis, M. B. & Harless, A. Acetabular dysplasia in the adolescent and young adult. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 261, 214\u2013223 (1990).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"36815_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24320","volume":"304","author":"K Uemura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Uemura, K., Atkins, P. R., Peters, C. L. & Anderson, A. E. The effect of pelvic tilt on three-dimensional coverage of the femoral head: A computational simulation study using patient-specific anatomy. Anat. Rec. 304, 258\u2013265 (2021).","journal-title":"Anat. Rec"},{"key":"36815_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/17536146.2016.1241525","volume":"38","author":"M Vazirian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vazirian, M., Van Dillen, L. R. & Bazrgari, B. Lumbopelvic rhythm in the sagittal plane: A review of the effects of participants and task characteristics. Int. Musculoskelet. Med. 38, 51\u201358 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. Musculoskelet. Med."},{"key":"36815_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2018.03.003","volume":"29","author":"PC Celestre","year":"2018","unstructured":"Celestre, P. C., Dimar, J. R., Glassman, S. D. & II & Spinopelvic parameters: Lumbar lordosis, pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, and sacral slope: what does a spine surgeon need to know to plan a lumbar deformity correction? Neurosurg. Clin. N Am. 29, 323\u2013329 (2018).","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Clin. N Am."},{"key":"36815_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2018.06.005","volume":"104","author":"T Chevillotte","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chevillotte, T. et al. Influence of posture on relationships between pelvic parameters and lumbar lordosis: comparison of the standing, seated, and supine positions. A preliminary study. Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. 104, 565\u2013568 (2018).","journal-title":"Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res."},{"key":"36815_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050038","volume":"7","author":"J Legaye","year":"1998","unstructured":"Legaye, J., Duval-Beaup\u00e8re, G., Hecquet, J. & Marty, C. Pelvic incidence: A fundamental pelvic parameter for three-dimensional regulation of spinal sagittal curves. Eur. Spine J. 7, 99\u2013103 (1998).","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"36815_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2025.148544","volume":"42","author":"W Dhahbi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dhahbi, W., Materne, O. & Chamari, K. Rethinking knee injury prevention strategies: Joint-by-joint training approach paradigm versus traditional focused knee strengthening. Biol. Sport. 42, 59\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/biolsport.2025.148544 (2025).","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"36815_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556024","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2025.1556024","volume":"7","author":"W Dhahbi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dhahbi, W. Editorial: Advancing biomechanics: Enhancing sports performance, mitigating injury risks, and optimizing athlete rehabilitation. Front. Sports Act. Living. 7, 1556024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fspor.2025.1556024 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Sports Act. Living"},{"key":"36815_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-005-0984-5","volume":"15","author":"C Boulay","year":"2006","unstructured":"Boulay, C. et al. Sagittal alignment of spine and pelvis regulated by pelvic incidence: Standard values and prediction of lordosis. Eur. Spine J. 15, 415\u2013422 (2006).","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"36815_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-06183-y","volume":"29","author":"C Pan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pan, C., Wang, G. & Sun, J. Correlation between the apex of lumbar lordosis and pelvic incidence in asymptomatic adult. Eur. Spine J. 29, 420\u2013427 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"36815_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.02043","volume":"87","author":"R Vialle","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vialle, R. et al. Radiographic analysis of the sagittal alignment and balance of the spine in asymptomatic subjects. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 87, 260\u2013267 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"36815_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-05891-9","volume":"28","author":"A Maekawa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maekawa, A. et al. Impact of pelvic incidence on change in lumbo-pelvic sagittal alignment between sitting and standing positions. Eur. Spine J. 28, 1914\u20131919 (2019).","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"36815_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518755150","volume":"46","author":"KCG Ng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ng, K. C. G., Lamontagne, M., Jeffers, J. R. T., Grammatopoulos, G. & Beaul\u00e9, P. E. Anatomic predictors of sagittal hip and pelvic motions in patients with a cam deformity. Am. J. Sports Med. 46, 1331\u20131342 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"36815_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.07.031","volume":"46","author":"TC Pataky","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pataky, T. C., Robinson, M. A. & Vanrenterghem, J. Vector field statistical analysis of kinematic and force trajectories. J. Biomech. 46, 2394\u20132401 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"36815_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109597","volume":"100","author":"E Papi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Papi, E., Bull, A. M. J. & McGregor, A. H. Alteration of movement patterns in low back pain assessed by statistical parametric mapping. J. Biomech. 100, 109597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109597 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"36815_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232596711878248","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967118782484","volume":"6","author":"DS Catelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Catelli, D. S., Kowalski, E., Beaul\u00e9, P. E., Smit, K. & Lamontagne, M. Asymptomatic participants with a femoroacetabular deformity demonstrate stronger hip extensors and greater pelvis mobility during the deep squat task. Orthop. J. Sports Med. 6, 2325967118782484 (2018).","journal-title":"Orthop. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"36815_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-008-0620-x","volume":"467","author":"M Lamontagne","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lamontagne, M., Kennedy, M. J. & Beaul\u00e9, P. E. The effect of cam FAI on hip and pelvic motion during maximum squat. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 467, 645\u2013650 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"36815_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2013.02.003","volume":"23","author":"PS Sung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sung, P. S. A compensation of angular displacements of the hip joints and lumbosacral spine between subjects with and without idiopathic low back pain during squatting. J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. 23, 741\u2013745 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"36815_CR20","first-page":"158","volume":"28","author":"M Zawadka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zawadka, M. et al. Altered squat movement pattern in patients with chronic low back pain. Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. 28, 158\u2013162 (2021).","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med."},{"key":"36815_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1097\/corr.0000000000000380","volume":"476","author":"S Pesenti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pesenti, S. et al. The amount of proximal lumbar lordosis is related to pelvic incidence. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 476, 1603\u20131611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/corr.0000000000000380 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"36815_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3097","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518800825","volume":"46","author":"VV Mascarenhas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mascarenhas, V. V. et al. Can we discriminate symptomatic hip patients from asymptomatic volunteers based on anatomic predictors? A 3-dimensional magnetic resonance study on cam, pincer, and spinopelvic parameters. Am. J. Sports Med. 46, 3097\u20133110 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"36815_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004411","volume":"47","author":"YP Charles","year":"2022","unstructured":"Charles, Y. P. et al. Comparison of spinopelvic configuration and Roussouly alignment types between pediatric and adult populations. Spine 47, 1303\u20131313 (2022).","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"36815_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E51","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000001025","volume":"34","author":"PG Passias","year":"2021","unstructured":"Passias, P. G. et al. Pelvic incidence affects age-adjusted alignment outcomes in a population of adult spinal deformity. Clin. Spine Surg. 34, E51\u2013E56 (2021).","journal-title":"Clin. Spine Surg."},{"key":"36815_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031387","volume":"19","author":"S Yamada","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yamada, S. et al. Can hip-knee line angle distinguish the size of pelvic incidence?-Development of quick noninvasive assessment tool for pelvic incidence classification. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 19, 1387 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health"},{"key":"36815_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.06.007","volume":"29","author":"NC Casartelli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Casartelli, N. C. et al. Is hip morphology a risk factor for developing hip osteoarthritis? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Osteoarthr. Cartil. 29, 1252\u20131264 (2021).","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"36815_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232596712093831","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120938312","volume":"8","author":"P van Klij","year":"2020","unstructured":"van Klij, P. et al. Classifying cam morphology by the alpha angle: A systematic review on threshold values. Orthop. J. Sports Med. 8, 2325967120938312 (2020).","journal-title":"Orthop. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"36815_CR28","first-page":"500","volume":"19","author":"M Zawadka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zawadka, M., Smolka, J., Skublewska-Paszkowska, M., Lukasik, E. & Gawda, P. How are squat timing and kinematics in the sagittal plane related to squat depth? J. Sports Sci. Med. 19, 500\u2013507 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci. Med."},{"key":"36815_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9457(91)90046-Z","volume":"10","author":"RB Davis","year":"1991","unstructured":"Davis, R. B., \u00d5unpuu, I. I. I., Tyburski, S. & Gage, J. R. A gait analysis data collection and reduction technique. Hum. Mov. Sci. 10, 575\u2013587 (1991).","journal-title":"Hum. Mov. Sci."},{"key":"36815_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182736034","volume":"27","author":"R List","year":"2013","unstructured":"List, R., G\u00fclay, T. & Stoop, M. Kinematics of the trunk and the lower extremities during restricted and unrestricted squats. J. Strength. Cond Res. 27, 1529\u20131538 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Strength. Cond Res."},{"key":"36815_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0135689","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135689","volume":"10","author":"S Schmid","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schmid, S. et al. Using skin markers for spinal curvature quantification in main thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: An explorative radiographic study. PLoS One. 10, e0135689 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"36815_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e95426","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095426","volume":"9","author":"R Zemp","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zemp, R. et al. Soft tissue artefacts of the human back: comparison of the sagittal curvature of the spine measured using skin markers and an open upright MRI. PLoS One. 9, e95426 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"36815_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.460020402","volume":"2","author":"KJ Friston","year":"1994","unstructured":"Friston, K. J. et al. Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: A general linear approach. Hum. Brain Mapp. 2, 189\u2013210 (1994).","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"36815_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.52.2000552","volume":"5","author":"JJ Gebhart","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gebhart, J. J., Weinberg, D. S., Bohl, M. S. & Liu, R. W. Relationship between pelvic incidence and osteoarthritis of the hip. Bone Joint Res. 5, 66\u201372 (2016).","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res."},{"key":"36815_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000169446.69758.fa","volume":"30","author":"H Yoshimoto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yoshimoto, H. et al. Spinopelvic alignment in patients with osteoarthrosis of the hip: A radiographic comparison to patients with low back pain. Spine 30, 1650\u20131657 (2005).","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"36815_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.103B11.BJJ-2021-0472.R1","volume":"103-B","author":"M Iwasa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iwasa, M. et al. Pelvic incidence is not associated with the development of hip osteoarthritis. Bone Joint J. 103-B, 1656\u20131661 (2021).","journal-title":"Bone Joint J."},{"key":"36815_CR37","first-page":"132","volume":"4","author":"IJ Raphael","year":"2016","unstructured":"Raphael, I. J. et al. Pelvic incidence in patients with hip osteoarthritis. Arch. Bone Joint Surg. 4, 132\u2013136 (2016).","journal-title":"Arch. Bone Joint Surg."},{"key":"36815_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/19424280.2025.2472251","volume":"17","author":"Z Lu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lu, Z. et al. Will this be the next step? A systematic review of 3D printing in footwear biomechanics. Footwear Sci. 17, 127\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19424280.2025.2472251 (2025).","journal-title":"Footwear Sci."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-36815-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-36815-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-36815-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T09:37:50Z","timestamp":1770802670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-36815-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["36815"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-36815-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"5831"}}