{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:37:06Z","timestamp":1785890226573,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["23K24380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K24380"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-37271-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T10:34:50Z","timestamp":1769164490000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Downregulation of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP10 correlates with neuronal apoptosis in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shiho","family":"Arishima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiko","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Dozono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Nozuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Takashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuji","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"37271_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00388","volume":"3","author":"A Gessain","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gessain, A. & Cassar, O. Epidemiological aspects and world distribution of HTLV-1 infection. Front. Microbiol. 3, 388 (2012).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"37271_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V50.3.481.481","volume":"50","author":"T Uchiyama","year":"1977","unstructured":"Uchiyama, T., Yodoi, J., Sagawa, K., Takatsuki, K. & Uchino, H. Adult T-cell leukemia: clinical and hematologic features of 16 cases. Blood 50, 481\u2013492 (1977).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"37271_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92734-5","volume":"2","author":"A Gessain","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gessain, A. et al. Antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type-I in patients with tropical spastic paraparesis. Lancet 2, 407\u2013410 (1985).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"37271_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91298-5","volume":"1","author":"M Osame","year":"1986","unstructured":"Osame, M. et al. HTLV-I associated myelopathy, a new clinical entity. Lancet 1, 1031\u20131032 (1986).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"37271_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410210203","volume":"21","author":"M Osame","year":"1987","unstructured":"Osame, M. et al. Chronic progressive myelopathy associated with elevated antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type I and adult T-cell leukemialike cells. Ann. Neurol. 21, 117\u2013122 (1987).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"37271_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199307000-00010","volume":"52","author":"F Umehara","year":"1993","unstructured":"Umehara, F. et al. Immunocytochemical analysis of the cellular infiltrate in the spinal cord lesions in HTLV-I-associated myelopathy. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 52, 424\u2013430 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"37271_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0000000000000141","volume":"74","author":"E Matsuura","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matsuura, E., Kubota, R., Tanaka, Y., Takashima, H. & Izumo, S. Visualization of HTLV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the spinal cords of patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 74, 2\u201314 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"37271_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410400114","volume":"40","author":"T Moritoyo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Moritoyo, T. et al. Human T-lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy and tax gene expression in CD4\u2009+\u2009T lymphocytes. Ann. Neurol. 40, 84\u201390 (1996).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"37271_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050903","volume":"96","author":"E Matsuoka","year":"1998","unstructured":"Matsuoka, E. et al. Perivascular T cells are infected with HTLV-I in the spinal cord lesions with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis: double staining of immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction in situ hybridization. Acta Neuropathol. 96, 340\u2013346 (1998).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"37271_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(93)90111-3","volume":"41","author":"S Ijichi","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ijichi, S. et al. An autoaggressive process against bystander tissues in HTLV-I-infected individuals: a possible pathomechanism of HAM\/TSP. Med. Hypotheses. 41, 542\u2013547 (1993).","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"37271_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-020-00881-w","volume":"26","author":"S Nozuma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nozuma, S., Kubota, R. & Jacobson, S. Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and cellular immune response in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis. J. Neurovirol. 26, 652\u2013663 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"37271_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03246-7","volume":"11","author":"U Bhattacharya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhattacharya, U., Neizer-Ashun, F., Mukherjee, P. & Bhattacharya, R. When the chains do not break: the role of USP10 in physiology and pathology. Cell. Death Dis. 11, 1033 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."},{"key":"37271_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.100405","volume":"296","author":"R Jia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jia, R. & Bonifacino, J. S. The ubiquitin isopeptidase USP10 deubiquitinates LC3B to increase LC3B levels and autophagic activity. J. Biol. Chem. 296, 100405 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"37271_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990195","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.990195","volume":"12","author":"Z Ye","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ye, Z., Chen, J., Huang, P., Xuan, Z. & Zheng, S. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10, a deubiquitinating enzyme: assessing its role in tumor prognosis and immune response. Front. Oncol. 12, 990195 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"37271_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.101448","volume":"298","author":"J Sango","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sango, J. et al. USP10 inhibits the dopamine-induced reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis of neuronal cells by stimulating the antioxidant Nrf2 activity. J. Biol. Chem. 298, 101448 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"37271_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.06.042","volume":"516","author":"L Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, L., Wu, D. & Xu, Z. USP10 protects against cerebral ischemia injury by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis through the Inhibition of TAK1 signaling. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 516, 1272\u20131278 (2019).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"37271_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14093","volume":"175","author":"F Alegre","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alegre, F. et al. Role of p62\/SQSTM1 beyond autophagy: a lesson learned from drug-induced toxicity in vitro. Br. J. Pharmacol. 175, 440\u2013455 (2018).","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"37271_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2018.11.006","volume":"9","author":"M Takahashi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Takahashi, M. et al. USP10 is a driver of ubiquitinated protein aggregation and aggresome formation to inhibit apoptosis. iScience 9, 433\u2013450 (2018).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"37271_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130697","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1130697","volume":"14","author":"C Xie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xie, C., Gao, X., Liu, G., Tang, H. & Li, C. USP10 is a potential mediator for vagus nerve stimulation to alleviate neuroinflammation in ischaemic stroke by inhibiting NF-kappaB signalling pathway. Front. Immunol. 14, 1130697 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"37271_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.240460405","volume":"46","author":"CL Tendler","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tendler, C. L. et al. Cytokine induction in HTLV-I associated myelopathy and adult T-cell leukemia: alternate molecular mechanisms underlying retroviral pathogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 46, 302\u2013311 (1991).","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"37271_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641993","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2021.641993","volume":"14","author":"Y Gong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gong, Y. et al. Inhibition of the NKCC1\/NF-kappaB signaling pathway decreases inflammation and improves brain edema and nerve cell apoptosis in an SBI rat model. Front. Mol. Neurosci. 14, 641993 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"37271_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12263","volume":"125","author":"L Ye","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ye, L. et al. IL-1beta and TNF-alpha induce neurotoxicity through glutamate production: a potential role for neuronal glutaminase. J. Neurochem. 125, 897\u2013908 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"37271_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199401000-00009","volume":"53","author":"F Umehara","year":"1994","unstructured":"Umehara, F. et al. Cytokine expression in the spinal cord lesions in HTLV-I-associated myelopathy. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 53, 72\u201377 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"37271_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.1.482","volume":"161","author":"R Kubota","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kubota, R., Kawanishi, T., Matsubara, H., Manns, A. & Jacobson, S. Demonstration of human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) tax-specific CD8\u2009+\u2009lymphocytes directly in peripheral blood of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis patients by intracellular cytokine detection. J. Immunol. 161, 482\u2013488 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"37271_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00065","volume":"9","author":"R Sandoval","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sandoval, R. et al. TNF-alpha increases production of reactive oxygen species through Cdk5 activation in nociceptive neurons. Front. Physiol. 9, 65 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"37271_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-03-493718","volume":"122","author":"M Takahashi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Takahashi, M. et al. HTLV-1 tax oncoprotein stimulates ROS production and apoptosis in T cells by interacting with USP10. Blood 122, 715\u2013725 (2013).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"37271_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.101077","volume":"297","author":"NA Snyder","year":"2021","unstructured":"Snyder, N. A. & Silva, G. M. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs): regulation, homeostasis, and oxidative stress response. J. Biol. Chem. 297, 101077 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"37271_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4672","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13540","volume":"282","author":"Y Katsuragi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Katsuragi, Y., Ichimura, Y. & Komatsu, M. p62\/SQSTM1 functions as a signaling hub and an autophagy adaptor. FEBS J. 282, 4672\u20134678 (2015).","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"37271_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9122-5","volume":"53","author":"W Duan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Duan, W. et al. Novel insights into neun: from neuronal marker to splicing regulator. Mol. Neurobiol. 53, 1637\u20131647 (2016).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"37271_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.04.032","volume":"1015","author":"I Unal-Cevik","year":"2004","unstructured":"Unal-Cevik, I., Kilinc, M., Gursoy-Ozdemir, Y., Gurer, G. & Dalkara, T. Loss of NeuN immunoreactivity after cerebral ischemia does not indicate neuronal cell loss: a cautionary note. Brain Res. 1015, 169\u2013174 (2004).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"37271_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199411000-00009","volume":"53","author":"F Umehara","year":"1994","unstructured":"Umehara, F. et al. Apoptosis of T lymphocytes in the spinal cord lesions in HTLV-I-associated myelopathy: a possible mechanism to control viral infection in the central nervous system. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 53, 617\u2013624 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"37271_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takahashi, M. et al. Dual regulatory roles of USP10 in Tau pathology and neuronal fate during alzheimer\u2019s disease progression. Mol Cell. Biol 2025, 1\u201324 (2025).","DOI":"10.1080\/10985549.2025.2575950"},{"key":"37271_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.113636","volume":"43","author":"AJ Guise","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guise, A. J. et al. TDP-43-stratified single-cell proteomics of postmortem human spinal motor neurons reveals protein dynamics in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cell. Rep. 43, 113636 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell. Rep."},{"key":"37271_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2009.180","volume":"17","author":"M D\u2019Amelio","year":"2010","unstructured":"D\u2019Amelio, M., Cavallucci, V. & Cecconi, F. Neuronal caspase-3 signaling: not only cell death. Cell. Death Differ. 17, 1104\u20131114 (2010).","journal-title":"Cell. Death Differ."},{"key":"37271_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2017.64","volume":"24","author":"A Mukherjee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mukherjee, A. & Williams, D. W. More alive than dead: non-apoptotic roles for caspases in neuronal development, plasticity and disease. Cell. Death Differ. 24, 1411\u20131421 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell. Death Differ."},{"key":"37271_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463632","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2024.1463632","volume":"18","author":"J Meystre","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meystre, J. et al. Cell density quantification of high resolution Nissl images of the juvenile rat brain. Front. Neuroanat. 18, 1463632 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Neuroanat."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37271-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37271-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37271-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T10:13:38Z","timestamp":1770891218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37271-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["37271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-37271-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Kagoshima University (approval date: 24 June 2021; approval number: G491). Written informed consent was obtained from the patients\u2019 family members.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"6062"}}