{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T14:06:11Z","timestamp":1771855571606,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen - Deutsches Forschungszentrum f\u00fcr Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Given the complex relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), CVD-related markers may serve as CKD biomarkers. We examined associations of three major CVD-markers [mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM), MR-pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)] with CKD. Cross-sectional analyses included up to 61,830 participants, and longitudinal analyses (NT-proBNP only) 4205 individuals. Kidney function was assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using creatinine, cystatin C, or both (eGFRcr-cys). Markers were categorized into four groups. Cross-sectional analyses found that higher levels of all three markers were consistently associated with lower eGFR and higher CKD prevalence. For example, per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in log-transformed NT-proBNP, corresponding to a 2.71-fold increase in the original concentration, was associated with -2.35 (-2.49, -2.21) ml\/min\/1.73m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    lower eGFRcr-cys, and the highest NT-proBNP group had a 5.72-fold higher odds of CKDcr-cys (eGFRcr-cys\u2009&lt;\u200960 ml\/min\/1.73m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) compared with the lowest. Associations with eGFR were stronger among participants with CVD and diabetes. In longitudinal analyses, participants with higher baseline NT-proBNP had faster declines in eGFR, with a 10-year decline of -1.37 (-1.77, -0.98) ml\/min\/1.73m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    eGFRcr-cys per 1 SD increase, and higher CKD incidence. These findings suggest MR-proADM, MR-proANP, and NT-proBNP as CKD biomarkers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-37377-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T03:36:23Z","timestamp":1771817783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal and cross-sectional associations of myocardial stress markers with kidney function and chronic kidney disease in the BiomarCaRE project"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jie-sheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Zeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Koenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pekka","family":"Jousilahti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Kee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Licia","family":"Iacoviello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugh","family":"Tunstall-Pedoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"S\u00f6derberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Cesana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Palmieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veikko","family":"Salomaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"de Man Lapidoth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"De Ponti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Donfrancesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thiess","family":"Lorenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kari","family":"Kuulasmaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Blankenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Thorand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"37377_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e382","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00570-3","volume":"12","author":"AK Bello","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bello, A. K. et al. An update on the global disparities in kidney disease burden and care across world countries and regions. Lancet Glob Health 12, e382\u2013e395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00570-3 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"37377_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e840","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000664","volume":"139","author":"J Rangaswami","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rangaswami, J. et al. Cardiorenal Syndrome: Classification, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Strategies: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 139, e840\u2013e878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000664 (2019).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"37377_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-021-01546-8","volume":"23","author":"LJ Laffin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Laffin, L. J. & Bakris, G. L. Intersection Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Cardiol Rep 23, 117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11886-021-01546-8 (2021).","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"37377_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.08.067","volume":"210","author":"V Ravarotto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ravarotto, V., Simioni, F., Pagnin, E., Davis, P. A. & Calo, L. A. Oxidative stress - chronic kidney disease - cardiovascular disease: A vicious circle. Life Sci 210, 125\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.08.067 (2018).","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"37377_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2015.07.005","volume":"61","author":"R Gargiulo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gargiulo, R., Suhail, F. & Lerma, E. V. Cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Dis. Mon. 61, 403\u2013413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.disamonth.2015.07.005 (2015).","journal-title":"Dis. Mon."},{"key":"37377_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","volume":"42","author":"TA McDonagh","year":"2021","unstructured":"McDonagh, T. A. et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur. Heart. J. 42, 3599\u20133726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart. J."},{"key":"37377_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10030524","author":"K Czajkowska","year":"2021","unstructured":"Czajkowska, K. et al. Mid-Regional Proadrenomedullin as a New Biomarker of Kidney and Cardiovascular Diseases-Is It the Future?. J. Clin. Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10030524 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"37377_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1366","volume":"21","author":"AA Voors","year":"2019","unstructured":"Voors, A. A. et al. Adrenomedullin in heart failure: pathophysiology and therapeutic application. Eur. J. Heart Fail 21, 163\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejhf.1366 (2019).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail"},{"key":"37377_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.5596","volume":"331","author":"JT Neumann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Neumann, J. T. et al. Prognostic Value of Cardiovascular Biomarkers in the Population. JAMA 331, 1898\u20131909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2024.5596 (2024).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"37377_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107863","volume":"227","author":"K Kuwahara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kuwahara, K. The natriuretic peptide system in heart failure: Diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 227, 107863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107863 (2021).","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"37377_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-022-00576-x","volume":"18","author":"N Patel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patel, N., Yaqoob, M. M. & Aksentijevic, D. Cardiac metabolic remodelling in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 18, 524\u2013537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41581-022-00576-x (2022).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"37377_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.2174\/092986707780830943","volume":"14","author":"T Nishikimi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nishikimi, T. Adrenomedullin in the kidney-renal physiological and pathophysiological roles. Curr Med Chem 14, 1689\u20131699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/092986707780830943 (2007).","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"37377_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.08.032","volume":"176","author":"M Volpe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Volpe, M. Natriuretic peptides and cardio-renal disease. Int J Cardiol 176, 630\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.08.032 (2014).","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"37377_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.11.032","volume":"53","author":"RR van Kimmenade","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Kimmenade, R. R. et al. Renal clearance of B-type natriuretic peptide and amino terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide a mechanistic study in hypertensive subjects. J Am Coll Cardiol 53, 884\u2013890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.11.032 (2009).","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"37377_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1253\/circrep.CR-19-0063","volume":"1","author":"T Tsutamoto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tsutamoto, T., Sakai, H., Yamamoto, T. & Nakagawa, Y. Renal Clearance of N-Terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Is Markedly Decreased in Chronic Kidney Disease. Circ Rep 1, 326\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1253\/circrep.CR-19-0063 (2019).","journal-title":"Circ Rep"},{"key":"37377_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.560","volume":"75","author":"B Dieplinger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dieplinger, B. et al. Pro-A-type natriuretic peptide and pro-adrenomedullin predict progression of chronic kidney disease: the MMKD Study. Kidney Int 75, 408\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2008.560 (2009).","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"37377_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1571","volume":"40","author":"PJ Saulnier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saulnier, P. J. et al. Association of Circulating Biomarkers (Adrenomedullin, TNFR1, and NT-proBNP) With Renal Function Decline in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A French Prospective Cohort. Diabetes Care 40, 367\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc16-1571 (2017).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"37377_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3262","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-1852","volume":"64","author":"G Velho","year":"2015","unstructured":"Velho, G. et al. Plasma Adrenomedullin and Allelic Variation in the ADM Gene and Kidney Disease in People With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 64, 3262\u20133272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db14-1852 (2015).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"37377_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-015-0163-9","volume":"16","author":"N Ogawa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ogawa, N., Komura, H., Kuwasako, K., Kitamura, K. & Kato, J. Plasma levels of natriuretic peptides and development of chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 16, 171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-015-0163-9 (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"37377_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.01.006","volume":"6","author":"T Sasaki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sasaki, T. et al. N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Incident CKD. Kidney Int Rep 6, 976\u2013985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.01.006 (2021).","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"37377_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1253\/circrep.CR-19-0044","volume":"2","author":"S Nakayama","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nakayama, S. et al. N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Is a Predictor of Chronic Kidney Disease in an Asian General Population-The Ohasama Study. Circ Rep 2, 24\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1253\/circrep.CR-19-0044 (2019).","journal-title":"Circ Rep"},{"key":"37377_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04910514","volume":"10","author":"N Bansal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bansal, N. et al. NT-proBNP and troponin T and risk of rapid kidney function decline and incident CKD in elderly adults. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 10, 205\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.04910514 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"37377_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.08.021","volume":"65","author":"Y Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim, Y. et al. Association of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and natriuretic peptide with incident ESRD: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Am J Kidney Dis 65, 550\u2013558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.08.021 (2015).","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"37377_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2158102","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2022.2158102","volume":"45","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao, Y. et al. The association of plasma NT-proBNP level and progression of diabetic kidney disease. Ren Fail 45, 2158102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0886022X.2022.2158102 (2023).","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"issue":"56\u201373","key":"37377_CR25","first-page":"e51","volume":"77","author":"AH Anderson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anderson, A. H. et al. Novel Risk Factors for Progression of Diabetic and Nondiabetic CKD: Findings From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 77(56\u201373), e51 (2021).","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"37377_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2019.305797","volume":"65","author":"N Bansal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bansal, N. et al. Cardiac and Stress Biomarkers and Chronic Kidney Disease Progression: The CRIC Study. Clin Chem 65, 1448\u20131457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2019.305797 (2019).","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"37377_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000847","volume":"34","author":"R Yoshitomi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yoshitomi, R. et al. Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide concentration is independently associated with kidney function decline in Japanese patients with chronic kidney disease. J Hypertens 34, 753\u2013761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000847 (2016).","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"37377_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0159914","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159914","volume":"11","author":"S Sundqvist","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sundqvist, S. et al. Clinical Value of Natriuretic Peptides in Predicting Time to Dialysis in Stage 4 and 5 Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. PLoS ONE 11, e0159914. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0159914 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"37377_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2011.05.020","volume":"58","author":"AS Desai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Desai, A. S. et al. Association between cardiac biomarkers and the development of ESRD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, anemia, and CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 58, 717\u2013728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2011.05.020 (2011).","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"37377_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.083170","volume":"53","author":"KS Spanaus","year":"2007","unstructured":"Spanaus, K. S. et al. B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations predict the progression of nondiabetic chronic kidney disease: the Mild-to-Moderate Kidney Disease Study. Clin. Chem. 53, 1264\u20131272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2006.083170 (2007).","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"37377_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2023.09.018","volume":"83","author":"SB Ascher","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ascher, S. B. et al. Changes in Natriuretic Peptide Levels and Subsequent Kidney Function Decline in the SPRINT Trial. Am J Kidney Dis 83, 615-623.e611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2023.09.018 (2023).","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"37377_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-02962-z","volume":"21","author":"JS Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin, J. S. et al. Proteomic profiling of longitudinal changes in kidney function among middle-aged and older men and women: the KORA S4\/F4\/FF4 study. BMC Med. 21, 245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-023-02962-z (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"37377_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1852","volume":"37","author":"GW Landman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Landman, G. W. et al. Midregional fragment of proadrenomedullin, new-onset albuminuria, and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (ZODIAC-30). Diabetes Care 37, 839\u2013845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc13-1852 (2014).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"37377_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-014-9952-x","volume":"29","author":"T Zeller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zeller, T. et al. BiomarCaRE: rationale and design of the European BiomarCaRE project including 300,000 participants from 13 European countries. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 29, 777\u2013790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-014-9952-x (2014).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"37377_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh327","volume":"34","author":"A Evans","year":"2005","unstructured":"Evans, A. et al. MORGAM (an international pooling of cardiovascular cohorts). Int. J. Epidemiol. 34, 21\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyh327 (2005).","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"37377_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2102953","volume":"385","author":"LA Inker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Inker, L. A. et al. New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations to Estimate GFR without Race. N. Engl J. Med. 385, 1737\u20131749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2102953 (2021).","journal-title":"N. Engl J. Med."},{"key":"37377_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1114248","volume":"367","author":"LA Inker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Inker, L. A. et al. Estimating glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine and cystatin C. N. Engl. J. Med. 367, 20\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1114248 (2012).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"37377_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32064-5","volume":"389","author":"AC Webster","year":"2017","unstructured":"Webster, A. C., Nagler, E. V., Morton, R. L. & Masson, P. Chronic Kidney Disease. Lancet 389, 1238\u20131252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32064-5 (2017).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"37377_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi187","volume":"162","author":"MM Glymour","year":"2005","unstructured":"Glymour, M. M., Weuve, J., Berkman, L. F., Kawachi, I. & Robins, J. M. When is baseline adjustment useful in analyses of change? An example with education and cognitive change. Am. J. Epidemiol. 162, 267\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwi187 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"37377_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000457","volume":"27","author":"P Ding","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ding, P. & VanderWeele, T. J. Sensitivity Analysis Without Assumptions. Epidemiology 27, 368\u2013377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000457 (2016).","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"37377_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs163","volume":"33","author":"L Scheven","year":"2012","unstructured":"Scheven, L. et al. High-sensitive troponin T and N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide are associated with cardiovascular events despite the cross-sectional association with albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate. Eur. Heart J. 33, 2272\u20132281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs163 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"37377_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e072664","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-072664","volume":"13","author":"J de Man Lapidoth","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Man Lapidoth, J. et al. Trends in renal function in Northern Sweden 1986\u20132014: data from the seven cross-sectional surveys within the Northern Sweden MONICA study. BMJ Open 13, e072664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-072664 (2023).","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"37377_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e54513","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054513","volume":"8","author":"Y Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Wang, Y., Shi, Z. W., Zhu, D. L. & Gao, P. J. Association of E\/E\u2019 and NT-proBNP with renal function in patients with essential hypertension. PLoS ONE 8, e54513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0054513 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"37377_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7133.2010.00153.x","volume":"16","author":"S Manzano-Fernandez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Manzano-Fernandez, S. et al. Impact of kidney dysfunction on plasma and urinary N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with acute heart failure. Congest Heart Fail 16, 214\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1751-7133.2010.00153.x (2010).","journal-title":"Congest Heart Fail"},{"key":"37377_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.03.056","volume":"58","author":"A Sezai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sezai, A. et al. Results of low-dose human atrial natriuretic peptide infusion in nondialysis patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: the NU-HIT (Nihon University working group study of low-dose HANP Infusion Therapy during cardiac surgery) trial for CKD. J Am Coll Cardiol 58, 897\u2013903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.03.056 (2011).","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"37377_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.05.047","volume":"54","author":"A Sezai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sezai, A. et al. Influence of continuous infusion of low-dose human atrial natriuretic peptide on renal function during cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled study. J Am Coll Cardiol 54, 1058\u20131064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.05.047 (2009).","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"37377_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1409077","volume":"371","author":"JJ McMurray","year":"2014","unstructured":"McMurray, J. J. et al. Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. N Engl J Med 371, 993\u20131004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1409077 (2014).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"37377_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-024-00820-6","volume":"20","author":"A Francis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Francis, A. et al. Chronic kidney disease and the global public health agenda: an international consensus. Nat Rev Nephrol 20, 473\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41581-024-00820-6 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"37377_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000829","volume":"31","author":"A Kula","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kula, A. & Bansal, N. Applications of cardiac biomarkers in chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 31, 534\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000829 (2022).","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"37377_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.08.007","volume":"176","author":"C Madamanchi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Madamanchi, C., Alhosaini, H., Sumida, A. & Runge, M. S. Obesity and natriuretic peptides, BNP and NT-proBNP: mechanisms and diagnostic implications for heart failure. Int J Cardiol 176, 611\u2013617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.08.007 (2014).","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37377-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37377-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37377-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T13:08:44Z","timestamp":1771852124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37377-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["37377"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-37377-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"7488"}}