{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:09:21Z","timestamp":1777853361921,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":44,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010722","name":"Harbin Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010722","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-37518-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T09:32:31Z","timestamp":1773739951000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["BTG3 suppresses oral squamous cell carcinoma progression by inhibiting PI3K\/AKT signaling and EMT"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Su","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tenglong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"37518_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.2803","volume":"76","author":"NS Mastronikolis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mastronikolis, N. S. et al. Matrix-based molecular mechanisms, targeting and diagnostics in oral squamous cell carcinoma. IUBMB Life. 76, 368\u2013382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iub.2803 (2024).","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"37518_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2023.2960","volume":"9","author":"ARD Cunha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cunha, A. R. D. et al. The global, Regional, and National burden of adult Lip, Oral, and pharyngeal cancer in 204 countries and territories: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. JAMA Oncol. 9, 1401\u20131416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2023.2960 (2023).","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"37518_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.22941.1","volume":"9","author":"A Bugshan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bugshan, A. & Farooq, I. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: metastasis, potentially associated malignant disorders, etiology and recent advancements in diagnosis. F1000Res 9, 229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.22941.1 (2020).","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"37518_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30226","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.30226","volume":"14","author":"SM Alsaeedi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alsaeedi, S. M. & Aggarwal, S. The holistic review on Occurrence, Biology, Diagnosis, and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cureus 14, e30226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.30226 (2022).","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"37518_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.31557\/apjcp.2021.22.8.2437","volume":"22","author":"SM Gondivkar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gondivkar, S. M. et al. Prevalence of trismus and its impact on oral Health-Related quality of life in patients treated for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 22, 2437\u20132444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31557\/apjcp.2021.22.8.2437 (2021).","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"37518_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186x.2022.2079958","volume":"61","author":"L Petersen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Petersen, L. et al. Second primary cancer following primary oral squamous cell carcinoma: a population-based, retrospective study. Acta Oncol. 61, 916\u2013921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0284186x.2022.2079958 (2022).","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"37518_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2174\/0115665232291300240509104344","volume":"25","author":"W Jiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jiang, W., Xu, S. & Li, P. SLC2A3 is a potential factor for head and neck squamous cancer development through tumor microenvironment alteration. Curr. Gene Ther. 25, 157\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0115665232291300240509104344 (2025).","journal-title":"Curr. Gene Ther."},{"key":"37518_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.2174\/0113892029278082240118053857","volume":"25","author":"A Xing","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xing, A. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures gene signature predicts prognosis and immune infiltration analysis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Curr. Genomics. 25, 88\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0113892029278082240118053857 (2024).","journal-title":"Curr. Genomics"},{"key":"37518_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.2174\/0113892029284920240212091903","volume":"25","author":"N Baqai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baqai, N., Amin, R., Fatima, T., Ahmed, Z. & Faiz, N. Expression profiling of EMT transcriptional regulators ZEB1 and ZEB2 in different histopathological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Curr. Genomics. 25, 140\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0113892029284920240212091903 (2024).","journal-title":"Curr. Genomics"},{"key":"37518_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2174\/0115665232305905240521081553","volume":"25","author":"M Easwaran","year":"2025","unstructured":"Easwaran, M., Madasamy, S. & Venkidasamy, B. Theranostic potential of bacteriophages against oral squamous cell carcinoma. Curr. Gene Ther. 25, 89\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0115665232305905240521081553 (2025).","journal-title":"Curr. Gene Ther."},{"key":"37518_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-024-01304-7","volume":"31","author":"YC Cheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheng, Y. C., Acedera, J. D., Li, Y. J. & Shieh, S. Y. A keratinocyte-adipocyte signaling loop is reprogrammed by loss of BTG3 to augment skin carcinogenesis. Cell. Death Differ. 31, 970\u2013982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41418-024-01304-7 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell. Death Differ."},{"key":"37518_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719117691143","volume":"24","author":"Q An","year":"2017","unstructured":"An, Q. et al. BTG3 overexpression suppresses the proliferation and invasion in epithelial ovarian cancer cell by regulating AKT\/GSK3\u03b2\/\u03b2-Catenin signaling. Reprod. Sci. 24, 1462\u20131468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1933719117691143 (2017).","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"37518_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2617","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-013-0811-2","volume":"34","author":"B Deng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Deng, B. et al. Decreased expression of BTG3 was linked to carcinogenesis, aggressiveness, and prognosis of ovarian carcinoma. Tumour Biol. 34, 2617\u20132624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13277-013-0811-2 (2013).","journal-title":"Tumour Biol."},{"key":"37518_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1584","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2014.550","volume":"6","author":"YC Cheng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cheng, Y. C. et al. Candidate tumor suppressor B-cell translocation gene 3 impedes neoplastic progression by suppression of AKT. Cell. Death Dis. 6, e1584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cddis.2014.550 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."},{"key":"37518_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3968","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601825","volume":"26","author":"YH Ou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ou, Y. H. et al. The candidate tumor suppressor BTG3 is a transcriptional target of p53 that inhibits E2F1. Embo j. 26, 3968\u20133980. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601825 (2007).","journal-title":"Embo j."},{"key":"37518_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.4149\/neo_2016_507","volume":"63","author":"D Mao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mao, D., Qiao, L., Lu, H. & Feng, Y. B-cell translocation gene 3 overexpression inhibits proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer SW480 cells via Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway. Neoplasma 63, 705\u2013716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4149\/neo_2016_507 (2016).","journal-title":"Neoplasma"},{"key":"37518_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-015-2363-9","volume":"404","author":"Y Du","year":"2015","unstructured":"Du, Y. et al. BTG3 upregulation induces cell apoptosis and suppresses invasion in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 404, 31\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11010-015-2363-9 (2015).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"37518_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19841","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3734","volume":"6","author":"WF Gou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gou, W. F. et al. The roles of BTG3 expression in gastric cancer: a potential marker for carcinogenesis and a target molecule for gene therapy. Oncotarget 6, 19841\u201319867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.3734 (2015).","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"37518_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.06.062","volume":"437","author":"X Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen, X. et al. Downregulation of BTG3 in non-small cell lung cancer. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 437, 173\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.06.062 (2013).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"37518_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3287","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2011.491","volume":"31","author":"TY Lin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lin, T. Y. et al. Loss of the candidate tumor suppressor BTG3 triggers acute cellular senescence via the ERK-JMJD3-p16(INK4a) signaling axis. Oncogene 31, 3287\u20133297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/onc.2011.491 (2012).","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"37518_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.25","volume":"16","author":"PS Steeg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Steeg, P. S. Targeting metastasis. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 16, 201\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrc.2016.25 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"37518_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.003","volume":"186","author":"S Gerstberger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gerstberger, S., Jiang, Q., Ganesh, K. & Metastasis Cell 186, 1564\u20131579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.003 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"37518_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.11.007","volume":"139","author":"JP Thiery","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thiery, J. P., Acloque, H., Huang, R. Y. & Nieto, M. A. Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and disease. Cell 139, 871\u2013890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2009.11.007 (2009).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"37518_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2019.104551","volume":"102","author":"A Miranda-Filho","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miranda-Filho, A. & Bray, F. Global patterns and trends in cancers of the lip, tongue and mouth. Oral Oncol. 102, 104551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2019.104551 (2020).","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"37518_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23667","volume":"37","author":"C Fuller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fuller, C. et al. Adjunctive diagnostic techniques for oral lesions of unknown malignant potential: systematic review with meta-analysis. Head Neck. 37, 755\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hed.23667 (2015).","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"37518_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01476","volume":"10","author":"M Cristaldi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cristaldi, M. et al. Salivary biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis and Follow-Up: current status and perspectives. Front. Physiol. 10, 1476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2019.01476 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"37518_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.5455\/msm.2017.29.129-133","volume":"29","author":"S Hadzic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hadzic, S., Gojkov-Vukelic, M., Pasic, E. & Dervisevic, A. Importance of early detection of potentially malignant lesions in the prevention of oral cancer. Mater. Sociomed. 29, 129\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/msm.2017.29.129-133 (2017).","journal-title":"Mater. Sociomed"},{"key":"37518_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.2000.1656","volume":"84","author":"N Yamamoto","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yamamoto, N. et al. Analysis of the ANA gene as a candidate for the chromosome 21q oral cancer susceptibility locus. Br. J. Cancer. 84, 754\u2013759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1054\/bjoc.2000.1656 (2001).","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"37518_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gurzu, S., Kobori, L., Fodor, D. & Jung, I. Epithelial mesenchymal and endothelial mesenchymal transitions in hepatocellular carcinoma: A review. Biomed. Res. Int. 2019 (2962580). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/2962580 (2019).","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2962580"},{"key":"37518_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.Cd-13-1030","volume":"4","author":"MJ Niederst","year":"2014","unstructured":"Niederst, M. J. & Benes, C. H. EMT twists the road to PI3K. Cancer Discov. 4, 149\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2159-8290.Cd-13-1030 (2014).","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37518-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37518-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37518-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:51:50Z","timestamp":1777503110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37518-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["37518"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-37518-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"13809"}}