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Due to lack of sufficient data on their chemical and pharmacological properties, the current study aimed to investigate the chemical profiles of two Egyptian\n                    <jats:italic>Strelitzia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species namely\n                    <jats:italic>S. reginae<\/jats:italic>\n                    Banks and\n                    <jats:italic>S. nicolai<\/jats:italic>\n                    Regel &amp; K\u00f6rn using multiplex of GC-MS and ESI-MS\/MS metabolomics. Major components in the hexane extract of\n                    <jats:italic>S. reginae<\/jats:italic>\n                    Banks flowers were heneicosane, linoleic acid, and 17-octadecynoic acid whereas for\n                    <jats:italic>S. nicolai<\/jats:italic>\n                    Regel &amp; K\u00f6rn they were cumene, pseudocumene, hexahydrocumene, and propenyl cyclohexane. The hydrodistilled oil of\n                    <jats:italic>S. reginae<\/jats:italic>\n                    Banks flowers was enriched in caprylyl acetate, cembrene, caryophyllene, thunbergol, and verticilla-4(20),7,11-triene while for\n                    <jats:italic>S. nicolai<\/jats:italic>\n                    Regel &amp; K\u00f6rn they were heptacosane and 7-hexyleicosane. LC-MS\/MS analysis of the methanol extracts of the leaves and flowers of both species revealed intra-and interspecies variations with general domination of phenolic acids, flavonoids, fatty acids, and phenolic derivatives. DPPH and FRAP analysis showed promising antioxidant activity for\n                    <jats:italic>S. reginae<\/jats:italic>\n                    Banks leaves. The hexane extract of\n                    <jats:italic>S. reginae<\/jats:italic>\n                    Banks showed agonistic activity to peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-\u03b3) with EC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    value of 1.203\u2009\u00b1\u20090.045\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml compared to rosiglitazone (EC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.292\u2009\u00b1\u20090.011\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml), hinting at promising antidiabetic effect. Quantitative measurement of TAAR1 (trace amine associated receptor 1) levels in NCI-H810 cells treated with the hexane extract of\n                    <jats:italic>S. reginae<\/jats:italic>\n                    Banks flowers revealed remarkable decrease in its levels to 0.743\u2009\u00b1\u20090.025 ng\/ml compared to untreated cells, hence showing premise for the treatment of depression and Parkinson disorders. The hexane extract of\n                    <jats:italic>S. reginae<\/jats:italic>\n                    Banks flowers moderately inhibited FABP4 (fatty acid binding protein 4) with IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    value at 1.051\u2009\u00b1\u20090.028\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml so it might be valuable for the management of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Our results were further supported by molecular docking studies to show the binding mechanisms of the natural ligands on their target proteins.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-37621-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T16:45:54Z","timestamp":1771433154000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metabolomic profiling and biological evaluation demonstrate the antioxidant, PPAR-\u03b3, TAAR1, and FABP4 modulatory potential of Strelitzia species"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yasmine M.","family":"Rashad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaimaa","family":"Fayez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rania F. 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