{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T01:00:46Z","timestamp":1771549246078,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Indiana Biosciences Research Institute"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK136897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK136897"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK136897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK136897"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK136897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK136897"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK136897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK136897"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000041","name":"American Diabetes Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17-INI-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17-INI-15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000041","name":"American Diabetes Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17-INI-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17-INI-15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000041","name":"American Diabetes Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17-INI-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17-INI-15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-37692-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T14:53:58Z","timestamp":1770130438000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High fat diet remodels the gene regulatory networks in the preoptic area"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Olivia","family":"Lazaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caleb","family":"Beimfohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Britany","family":"App","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rashmita","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Travis S.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan N.","family":"Flak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"37692_CR1","unstructured":"Magliano, D. J. & Boyko, E. J. In IDF DIABETES ATLAS IDF Diabetes Atlas (2021)."},{"key":"37692_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20080008","volume":"88","author":"WT Cade","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cade, W. T. Diabetes-related microvascular and macrovascular diseases in the physical therapy setting. Phys. Ther. 88, 1322\u20131335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2522\/ptj.20080008 (2008).","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"37692_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0986","volume":"34","author":"DJ Drucker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Drucker, D. J. Incretin-based therapy and the quest for sustained improvements in beta-cell health. Diabetes Care. 34, 2133\u20132135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc11-0986 (2011).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"37692_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gorgojo-Martinez, J. J. et al. Clinical recommendations to manage Gastrointestinal adverse events in patients treated with Glp-1 receptor agonists: A multidisciplinary expert consensus. J. Clin. Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12010145 (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12010145"},{"key":"37692_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-052220-010446","volume":"62","author":"Z Mirzadeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mirzadeh, Z., Faber, C. L. & Schwartz, M. W. Central nervous system control of glucose homeostasis: A therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes? Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 62, 55\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-052220-010446 (2022).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"37692_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.11.001","volume":"29","author":"MA Bentsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bentsen, M. A., Mirzadeh, Z. & Schwartz, M. W. Revisiting how the brain senses Glucose-And why. Cell. Metab. 29, 11\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.11.001 (2019).","journal-title":"Cell. Metab."},{"key":"37692_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"FSO25","DOI":"10.4155\/fso.15.23","volume":"1","author":"AO Shpakov","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shpakov, A. O., Derkach, K. V. & Berstein, L. M. Brain signaling systems in the type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome: promising target to treat and prevent these diseases. Future Sci. OA. 1, FSO25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4155\/fso.15.23 (2015).","journal-title":"Future Sci. OA"},{"key":"37692_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi21-0002","volume":"70","author":"RJ Samms","year":"2021","unstructured":"Samms, R. J., Sloop, K. W., Gribble, F. M., Reimann, F. & Adriaenssens, A. E. GIPR function in the central nervous system: implications and novel perspectives for GIP-Based therapies in treating metabolic disorders. Diabetes 70, 1938\u20131944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dbi21-0002 (2021).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"37692_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khan, M. S. H. & Hegde, V. Obesity and diabetes mediated chronic inflammation: A potential biomarker in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Pers. Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm10020042 (2020).","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm10020042"},{"key":"37692_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.2741\/e482","volume":"4","author":"SM de la Monte","year":"2012","unstructured":"de la Monte, S. M. Therapeutic targets of brain insulin resistance in sporadic alzheimer\u2019s disease. Front. Biosci. (Elite Ed). 4, 1582\u20131605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2741\/e482 (2012).","journal-title":"Front. Biosci. (Elite Ed)"},{"key":"37692_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-5960-1-15","volume":"1","author":"CW Grote","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grote, C. W. et al. Peripheral nervous system insulin resistance in ob\/ob mice. Acta Neuropathol. Commun. 1, 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2051-5960-1-15 (2013).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"37692_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI91880","volume":"127","author":"D Oberlin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oberlin, D. & Buettner, C. How does leptin restore euglycemia in insulin-deficient diabetes? J. Clin. Invest. 127, 450\u2013453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI91880 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"37692_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4101","volume":"22","author":"JM Scarlett","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scarlett, J. M. et al. Central injection of fibroblast growth factor 1 induces sustained remission of diabetic hyperglycemia in rodents. Nat. Med. 22, 800\u2013806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.4101 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"37692_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2899","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddaa182","volume":"29","author":"S Morabito","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morabito, S., Miyoshi, E., Michael, N. & Swarup, V. Integrative genomics approach identifies conserved transcriptomic networks in alzheimer\u2019s disease. Hum. Mol. Genet. 29, 2899\u20132919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddaa182 (2020).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"37692_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, S., Stroup, E. K., Wang, T. Y., Yang, R. & Ji, Z. Comparative analyses of gene networks mediating cancer metastatic potentials across lineage types. Brief. Bioinform https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bib\/bbae357 (2024).","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbae357"},{"key":"37692_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.08.008","volume":"178","author":"J. C. Martin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martin, J. C. et al. Single-Cell Analysis of Crohn\u2019s disease lesions identifies a pathogenic cellular module associated with resistance to anti-TNF therapy. Cell 178, 1493\u20131508 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2019.08.008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"37692_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.03.014","volume":"9","author":"I Parodis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Parodis, I. et al. Interferon and B-cell signatures inform precision medicine in lupus nephritis. Kidney Int. Rep. 9, 1817\u20131835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.03.014 (2024).","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Rep."},{"key":"37692_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.23736\/S2724-5276.18.04997-6","volume":"75","author":"D Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, D. et al. Identification of crucial genes of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in remission by protein-protein interaction network and module analyses. Minerva Pediatr. (Torino). 75, 331\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S2724-5276.18.04997-6 (2023).","journal-title":"Minerva Pediatr. (Torino)"},{"key":"37692_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-020-00806-6","volume":"12","author":"V Gudmundsdottir","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gudmundsdottir, V. et al. Whole blood co-expression modules associate with metabolic traits and type 2 diabetes: an IMI-DIRECT study. Genome Med. 12, 109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13073-020-00806-6 (2020).","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"37692_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22651","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01840-z","volume":"11","author":"I Braenne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Braenne, I. et al. Dynamic changes in immune gene co-expression networks predict development of type 1 diabetes. Sci. Rep. 11, 22651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-01840-z (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"37692_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-024-01328-6","volume":"56","author":"S Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim, S. et al. An integrative single-cell atlas for exploring the cellular and Temporal specificity of genes related to neurological disorders during human brain development. Exp. Mol. Med. 56, 2271\u20132282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s12276-024-01328-6 (2024).","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"37692_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4458","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17720-5","volume":"11","author":"MA Bentsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bentsen, M. A. et al. Transcriptomic analysis links diverse hypothalamic cell types to fibroblast growth factor 1-induced sustained diabetes remission. Nat. Commun. 11, 4458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-17720-5 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"37692_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moffitt, J. R. et al. Molecular, spatial, and functional single-cell profiling of the hypothalamic preoptic region. Science https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aau5324 (2018).","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau5324"},{"key":"37692_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deem, J. D. et al. Warm responsive neurons in the hypothalamic preoptic area are potent regulators of glucose homeostasis in male mice. Endocrinology https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqad074 (2023).","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqad074"},{"key":"37692_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-8993(03)03158-5","volume":"985","author":"RB Foscolo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Foscolo, R. B., de Castro, M. G., Marubayashi, U., dos Reis, A. M. & Coimbra, C. C. Medial preoptic area adrenergic receptors modulate glycemia and insulinemia in freely moving rats. Brain Res. 985, 56\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0006-8993(03)03158-5 (2003).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"37692_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00236203","volume":"66","author":"G Bestetti","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bestetti, G., Hofer, R. & Rossi, G. L. The preoptic-suprachiasmatic nuclei though morphologically heterogeneous are equally affected by streptozotocin diabetes. Exp. Brain Res. 66, 74\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00236203 (1987).","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"37692_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1159\/000054347","volume":"68","author":"GB Karkanias","year":"1998","unstructured":"Karkanias, G. B., Morales, J. C. & Etgen, A. M. Effects of diabetes and estradiol on norepinephrine release in female rat hypothalamus, preoptic area and cortex. Neuroendocrinology 68, 30\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000054347 (1998).","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"37692_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30118-2","volume":"8","author":"V Srikanth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Srikanth, V., Sinclair, A. J., Hill-Briggs, F., Moran, C. & Biessels, G. J. Type 2 diabetes and cognitive dysfunction-towards effective management of both comorbidities. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 8, 535\u2013545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30118-2 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"37692_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2015.1131506","volume":"3","author":"GP Kenny","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kenny, G. P., Sigal, R. J. & McGinn, R. Body temperature regulation in diabetes. Temp. (Austin). 3, 119\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23328940.2015.1131506 (2016).","journal-title":"Temp. (Austin)"},{"key":"37692_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2021.11.004","volume":"49","author":"J Teck","year":"2022","unstructured":"Teck, J., Diabetes-Associated & Comorbidities Prim. Care 49, 275\u2013286 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pop.2021.11.004 (2022).","journal-title":"Prim. Care"},{"key":"37692_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2024.101951","volume":"84","author":"R Basu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Basu, R. et al. Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus subset stimulates tissue thermogenesis via preoptic area outputs. Mol. Metab. 84, 101951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmet.2024.101951 (2024).","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"37692_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(85)90091-7","volume":"14","author":"T Chiba","year":"1985","unstructured":"Chiba, T. & Murata, Y. Afferent and efferent connections of the medial preoptic area in the rat: a WGA-HRP study. Brain Res. Bull. 14, 261\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0361-9230(85)90091-7 (1985).","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"37692_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6378","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20050-1","volume":"11","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, Z. et al. Estrogen-sensitive medial preoptic area neurons coordinate torpor in mice. Nat. Commun. 11, 6378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-20050-1 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"37692_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5034","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0213-16.2016","volume":"36","author":"S Yu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu, S. et al. Glutamatergic preoptic area neurons that express leptin receptors drive Temperature-Dependent body weight homeostasis. J. Neurosci. 36, 5034\u20135046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0213-16.2016 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"37692_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-1535","volume":"45","author":"JL Rosenbaum","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rosenbaum, J. L. et al. Evidence that hypothalamic gliosis is related to impaired glucose homeostasis in adults with obesity. Diabetes Care. 45, 416\u2013424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc21-1535 (2022).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"37692_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI59660","volume":"122","author":"JP Thaler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thaler, J. P. et al. Obesity is associated with hypothalamic injury in rodents and humans. J. Clin. Invest. 122, 153\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI59660 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"37692_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bentsen, M. A. et al. Transcriptomic analysis links diverse hypothalamic cell types to fibroblast growth factor 1-induced sustained diabetes remission. Nat. Commun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-17720-5 (2020).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17720-5"},{"key":"37692_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01767-y","volume":"42","author":"Y Hao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hao, Y. et al. Dictionary learning for integrative, multimodal and scalable single-cell analysis. Nat. Biotechnol. 42, 293\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41587-023-01767-y (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"37692_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0844-5","volume":"16","author":"G Finak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Finak, G. et al. MAST: a flexible statistical framework for assessing transcriptional changes and characterizing heterogeneity in single-cell RNA sequencing data. Genome Biol. 16, 278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13059-015-0844-5 (2015).","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"37692_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2021.100141","volume":"2","author":"T Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu, T. et al. ClusterProfiler 4.0: A universal enrichment tool for interpreting omics data. Innov. (Camb). 2, 100141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xinn.2021.100141 (2021).","journal-title":"Innov. (Camb)"},{"key":"37692_CR41","unstructured":"Pag\u00e8s, H., Falcon, C. M. & Li, S. N. AnnotationDbi: Manipulation of SQLite-based annotations in Bioconductor, < (2024). https:\/\/bioconductor.org\/packages\/AnnotationDbi"},{"key":"37692_CR42","unstructured":"Shilin Zhao, L. Y., Guo, Y. & Sheng, Q. Yu Shyr. heatmap3: An Improved Heatmap, < (2021). https:\/\/github.com\/slzhao\/heatmap3"},{"key":"37692_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00657-y","volume":"4","author":"L Steuernagel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Steuernagel, L. et al. HypoMap-a unified single-cell gene expression atlas of the murine hypothalamus. Nat. Metab. 4, 1402\u20131419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42255-022-00657-y (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"37692_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hwang, E. et al. Sustained Inhibition of NPY\/AgRP neuronal activity by FGF1. JCI Insight. 7 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.160891 (2022).","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.160891"},{"key":"37692_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.2337\/db19-0025","volume":"68","author":"JM Brown","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brown, J. M. et al. The hypothalamic arcuate Nucleus-Median eminence is a target for sustained diabetes remission induced by fibroblast growth factor 1. Diabetes 68, 1054\u20131061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db19-0025 (2019).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"37692_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.4137\/CIN.S14021","volume":"13","author":"J Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang, J. & Huang, K. Normalized lmqcm: an algorithm for detecting weak Quasi-Cliques in weighted graph with applications in gene Co-Expression module discovery in cancers. Cancer Inf. 13, 137\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4137\/CIN.S14021 (2014).","journal-title":"Cancer Inf."},{"key":"37692_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180400","volume":"65","author":"JW Liang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liang, J. W. et al. Application of weighted gene Co-Expression network analysis to explore the key genes in alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Alzheimers Dis. 65, 1353\u20131364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-180400 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"37692_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00515","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.515","volume":"7","author":"X Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao, X. & Li, W. Gene coexpression network analysis identified potential biomarkers in gestational diabetes mellitus progression. Mol. Genet. Genomic Med. 7, e00515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mgg3.515 (2019).","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Genomic Med."},{"key":"37692_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yu, S. et al. Preoptic leptin signaling modulates energy balance independent of body temperature regulation. Elife https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.33505 (2018).","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.33505"},{"key":"37692_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.05.001","volume":"33","author":"RA Pinol","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pinol, R. A. et al. Preoptic BRS3 neurons increase body temperature and heart rate via multiple pathways. Cell. Metab. 33, 1389\u20131403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.05.001 (2021). e1386.","journal-title":"Cell. Metab."},{"key":"37692_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.08.028","volume":"167","author":"C. L. Tan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tan, C. L. et al. Warm-Sensitive Neurons that Control Body Temperature. Cell 167, 47\u201359 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2016.08.028","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"37692_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0958-18.2018","volume":"39","author":"XY Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, X. Y. et al. AGRP neurons project to the medial preoptic area and modulate maternal Nest-Building. J. Neurosci. 39, 456\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0958-18.2018 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"37692_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.01.002","volume":"1710","author":"K Muta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Muta, K. et al. Glucoregulatory responses to hypothalamic preoptic area cooling. Brain Res. 1710, 136\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.01.002 (2019).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"37692_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0132910","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132910","volume":"10","author":"E Fjaere","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fjaere, E. et al. Tissue inhibitor of matrix Metalloproteinase-1 is required for High-Fat Diet-Induced glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis in mice. PLoS One. 10, e0132910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0132910 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"37692_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-023-01163-1","volume":"40","author":"X Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, X. et al. Timp1 deletion induces Anxiety-like behavior in mice. Neurosci. Bull. 40, 732\u2013742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12264-023-01163-1 (2024).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"37692_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3030","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003030","volume":"3","author":"EN Gurzov","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gurzov, E. N., Ortis, F., Bakiri, L., Wagner, E. F. & Eizirik, D. L. JunB inhibits ER stress and apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells. PLoS One. 3, e3030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0003030 (2008).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"37692_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2022.04.040","volume":"611","author":"L Suzuki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Suzuki, L. et al. Cumulative autophagy insufficiency in mice leads to progression of beta-cell failure. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 611, 38\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2022.04.040 (2022).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"37692_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3417","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2020.11453","volume":"19","author":"Y Deng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deng, Y. et al. High SPRR1A expression is associated with poor survival in patients with colon cancer. Oncol. Lett. 19, 3417\u20133424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ol.2020.11453 (2020).","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"37692_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-13-0198","volume":"6","author":"D Leclerc","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leclerc, D. et al. Genes with aberrant expression in murine preneoplastic intestine show epigenetic and expression changes in normal mucosa of colon cancer patients. Cancer Prev. Res. (Phila). 6, 1171\u20131181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-13-0198 (2013).","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res. (Phila)"},{"key":"37692_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05982-y","volume":"14","author":"S Kawaguchi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kawaguchi, S. et al. SPRR1A is a key downstream effector of MiR-150 during both maladaptive cardiac remodeling in mice and human cardiac fibroblast activation. Cell. Death Dis. 14, 446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-023-05982-y (2023).","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37692-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37692-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37692-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:02:55Z","timestamp":1771545775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37692-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["37692"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-37692-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"7042"}}