{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T11:31:31Z","timestamp":1771241491371,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Encormac","award":["0620215500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0620215500"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT","award":["RS-2023-00250062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00250062"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-37701-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T16:34:02Z","timestamp":1769618042000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of thyroid iodine accumulation following repeated iodinated contrast media administration using dual-energy computed tomography in a rabbit model"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Chanyoung","family":"Rhee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seunghyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaemoon","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Hun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Yeon","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung-Eun","family":"Cheon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"37701_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2015150033","volume":"35","author":"KR Beckett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beckett, K. R., Moriarity, A. K. & Langer, J. M. Safe use of contrast media: what the radiologist needs to know. Radiographics 35, 1738\u20131750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.2015150033 (2015).","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"37701_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andreucci, M., Solomon, R. & Tasanarong, A. Side effects of radiographic contrast media: pathogenesis, risk factors, and prevention. Biomed. Res. Int. 2014 (741018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/741018 (2014).","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/741018"},{"key":"37701_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2513081651","volume":"251","author":"CB Lightfoot","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lightfoot, C. B. et al. Survey of radiologists\u2019 knowledge regarding the management of severe contrast material-induced allergic reactions. Radiology 251, 691\u2013696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2513081651 (2009).","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"37701_CR4","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. FDA recommends thyroid monitoring in babies and young children who receive injections of iodine-containing contrast media. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drug-safety-and-availability\/fda-recommends-thyroid-monitoring-babies-and-young-children-who-receive-injections-iodine-containing (2022)."},{"key":"37701_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2022.05.014","volume":"19","author":"JR Dillman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dillman, J. R. et al. ACR statement on use of iodinated contrast material for medical imaging in young children and need for thyroid monitoring. J. Am. Coll. Radiol. 19, 849\u2013853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacr.2022.05.014 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Radiol."},{"key":"37701_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000541","volume":"54","author":"SS Jick","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jick, S. S. et al. Iodinated contrast agents and risk of hypothyroidism in young children in the united States. Invest. Radiol. 54, 296\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000541 (2019).","journal-title":"Invest. Radiol."},{"key":"37701_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-020-04881-0","volume":"51","author":"LA Gilligan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gilligan, L. A. et al. Primary thyroid dysfunction after single intravenous iodinated contrast exposure in young children: a propensity score matched analysis. Pediatr. Radiol. 51, 640\u2013648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-020-04881-0 (2021).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Radiol."},{"key":"37701_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-018-4163-3","volume":"48","author":"E Belloni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Belloni, E. et al. Effect of iodinated contrast medium on thyroid function: a study in children undergoing cardiac computed tomography. Pediatr. Radiol. 48, 1417\u20131422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-018-4163-3 (2018).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Radiol."},{"key":"37701_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2020-0032","volume":"33","author":"R Kubicki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kubicki, R. et al. Frequency of thyroid dysfunction in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease exposed to iodinated contrast media - a long-term observational study. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 33, 1409\u20131415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpem-2020-0032 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"37701_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2017-00174","volume":"1","author":"VV Thaker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thaker, V. V. et al. Hypothyroidism in infants with congenital heart disease exposed to excess iodine. J. Endocr. Soc. 1, 1067\u20131078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/js.2017-00174 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Endocr. Soc."},{"key":"37701_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.08.292","volume":"223","author":"MJ Dechant","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dechant, M. J. et al. Thyroidal response following iodine excess for cardiac catheterisation and intervention in early infancy. Int. J. Cardiol. 223, 1014\u20131018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.08.292 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"37701_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015142631","volume":"276","author":"CH McCollough","year":"2015","unstructured":"McCollough, C. H., Leng, S., Yu, L. & Fletcher, J. G. Dual- and Multi-Energy CT: Principles, technical Approaches, and clinical applications. Radiology 276, 637\u2013653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2015142631 (2015).","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"37701_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000446","volume":"53","author":"H Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim, H., Goo, J. M., Kang, C. K., Chae, K. J. & Park, C. M. Comparison of iodine density measurement among Dual-Energy computed tomography scanners from 3 vendors. Invest. Radiol. 53, 321\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000446 (2018).","journal-title":"Invest. Radiol."},{"key":"37701_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3904","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-4752-9","volume":"27","author":"GJ Pelgrim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pelgrim, G. J. et al. Accuracy of iodine quantification using dual energy CT in latest generation dual source and dual layer CT. Eur. Radiol. 27, 3904\u20133912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-017-4752-9 (2017).","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"37701_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-010-1714-7","volume":"40","author":"RA Nievelstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nievelstein, R. A., van Dam, I. M. & van der Molen, A. J. Multidetector CT in children: current concepts and dose reduction strategies. Pediatr. Radiol. 40, 1324\u20131344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-010-1714-7 (2010).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Radiol."},{"key":"37701_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.4274\/dir.2025.243132","volume":"31","author":"Y Lee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee, Y. Dual-energy computed tomography-based volumetric thyroid iodine quantification: correlation with thyroid hormonal status, pathologic diagnosis, and Phantom validation. Diagn. Interv Radiol. 31, 226\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/dir.2025.243132 (2025).","journal-title":"Diagn. Interv Radiol."},{"key":"37701_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee, Y. J. et al. Effects of iodine status on thyroid volume and goiter in children living in an iodine-replete area. Eur. Thyroid J. 12 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/ETJ-23-0219 (2023).","DOI":"10.1530\/ETJ-23-0219"},{"key":"37701_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","volume":"15","author":"TK Koo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koo, T. K. & Li, M. Y. A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. J. Chiropr. Med. 15, 155\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Chiropr. Med."},{"key":"37701_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1177\/2150135119857704","volume":"10","author":"RK Lerner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lerner, R. K., Gruber, N. & Pollak, U. Congenital heart disease and thyroid dysfunction: Combination, Association, and implication. World J. Pediatr. Congenit Heart Surg. 10, 604\u2013615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2150135119857704 (2019).","journal-title":"World J. Pediatr. Congenit Heart Surg."},{"key":"37701_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-024-05934-4","volume":"184","author":"BA Elbaz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Elbaz, B. A., Elmarsafawy, H. M. & Laimon, W. N. The effect of cardiac catheterization on thyroid functions in infants with congenital heart diseases: a prospective observational study. Eur. J. Pediatr. 184, 137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-024-05934-4 (2025).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"37701_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2023.03.009","volume":"44","author":"A Agostini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Agostini, A. et al. New frontiers in oncological imaging with computed tomography: from morphology to function. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 44, 214\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.sult.2023.03.009 (2023).","journal-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MR"},{"key":"37701_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.23.29244","volume":"221","author":"JB Rapp","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rapp, J. B., Biko, D. M. & Siegel, M. J. Dual-Energy CT for pediatric thoracic imaging: A review. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 221, 526\u2013538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.23.29244 (2023).","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"37701_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150224","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20150224","volume":"88","author":"S Iwano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iwano, S., Ito, R., Umakoshi, H., Ito, S. & Naganawa, S. Evaluation of lung cancer by enhanced dual-energy CT: association between three-dimensional iodine concentration and tumour differentiation. Br. J. Radiol. 88, 20150224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20150224 (2015).","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"37701_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017170896","volume":"287","author":"MC Jacobsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jacobsen, M. C. et al. Intermanufacturer comparison of Dual-Energy CT iodine quantification and monochromatic attenuation: A Phantom study. Radiology 287, 224\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2017170896 (2018).","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"37701_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-5238-5","volume":"28","author":"T Sellerer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sellerer, T. et al. Dual-energy CT: a Phantom comparison of different platforms for abdominal imaging. Eur. Radiol. 28, 2745\u20132755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-017-5238-5 (2018).","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"37701_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2021.07.008","volume":"88","author":"D Dabli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dabli, D. et al. Optimization of image quality and accuracy of low iodine concentration quantification as function of kVp pairs for abdominal imaging using dual-source CT: A Phantom study. Phys. Med. 88, 285\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmp.2021.07.008 (2021).","journal-title":"Phys. Med."},{"key":"37701_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2021.08.004","volume":"103","author":"D Dabli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dabli, D. et al. Optimization of image quality and accuracy of low iodine concentration quantification as function of dose level and reconstruction algorithm for abdominal imaging using dual-source CT: A Phantom study. Diagn. Interv Imaging. 103, 31\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diii.2021.08.004 (2022).","journal-title":"Diagn. Interv Imaging"},{"key":"37701_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5736-0","volume":"29","author":"A Euler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Euler, A., Solomon, J., Mazurowski, M. A., Samei, E. & Nelson, R. C. How accurate and precise are CT based measurements of iodine concentration? A comparison of the minimum detectable concentration difference among single source and dual source dual energy CT in a Phantom study. Eur. Radiol. 29, 2069\u20132078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-018-5736-0 (2019).","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"37701_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1989.01670170121022","volume":"125","author":"PC Clemens","year":"1989","unstructured":"Clemens, P. C. & Neumann, R. S. The Wolff-Chaikoff effect: hypothyroidism due to iodine application. Arch. Dermatol. 125, 705 (1989).","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"37701_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1089\/105072501300176462","volume":"11","author":"K Markou","year":"2001","unstructured":"Markou, K., Georgopoulos, N., Kyriazopoulou, V. & Vagenakis, A. G. Iodine-Induced hypothyroidism. Thyroid 11, 501\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/105072501300176462 (2001).","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"37701_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-017-0216-6","volume":"17","author":"DD Binh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Binh, D. D., Nakajima, T., Otake, H., Higuchi, T. & Tsushima, Y. Iodine concentration calculated by dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) as a functional parameter to evaluate thyroid metabolism in patients with hyperthyroidism. BMC Med. Imaging. 17, 43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12880-017-0216-6 (2017).","journal-title":"BMC Med. Imaging"},{"key":"37701_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2001","volume":"82","author":"MW Szkudlinski","year":"2002","unstructured":"Szkudlinski, M. W., Fremont, V., Ronin, C. & Weintraub, B. D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor structure-function relationships. Physiol. Rev. 82, 473\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00031.2001 (2002).","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"37701_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3413\/Nukmed-0978-18-05","volume":"57","author":"N Beindorff","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beindorff, N. et al. Normal values of thyroid uptake of 99mTechnetium pertechnetate SPECT in mice with respect to Age, Sex, and circadian rhythm. Nuklearmedizin 57, 181\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3413\/Nukmed-0978-18-05 (2018).","journal-title":"Nuklearmedizin"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37701-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37701-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37701-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T10:59:35Z","timestamp":1771239575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37701-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["37701"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-37701-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Seunghyun Lee is a Scientific Reports editorial board member but has no role in the review process or decision to publish this article. All remaining authors have declared no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"6532"}}