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The possible modulation of HDPE plastic-elastic mechanical behavior was explored for each nanoparticle type and concentration. Adding 3% SnO\u2082 to HDPE notably improved mechanical properties in terms of toughness from 12.1 to 16.6\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    (J\/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), fracture strength from 1.76 to 15.29 (MPa), and impact strength from 61.1 to 69.2 (J\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), besides increasing the ductility of HDPE via decreasing the Young\u2019s modulus from 1.75 to 1.62 (GPa). This may be ascribed to the homogeneous distributions of nano-sized inorganic fillers. This made the HDPE have unique superior properties, making it suited for applications that need engineering designs. Similarly, adding a little amount of TiO\u2082 (1 wt%) improved attributes like toughness to 12.30\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    (J\/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and fracture strength to 11.29 (MPa), impact strength to 63.1 (J\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). The observed changes in the tested mechanical properties were influenced by filler dispersion, interfacial interaction between matrix and nano-filler, and matrix restriction mechanisms. On the contrary, high TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    filler loading (3% wt.) resulted in agglomeration and interfacial structural defects, leading to deterioration of the HDPE\u2019s mechanical properties. The enhanced properties of the HDPE-nano SnO\u2082 composites encouraged the production of films of these compositions to study their water vapor and Oxygen permeabilities, besides the antibacterial activity. Increasing nano SnO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    percentage in HDPE matrix enhanced antibacterial functioning against both E. coli and MRSA, as mirrored by larger inhibition zones and lower obtained MIC values.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-37745-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T15:35:07Z","timestamp":1771688107000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synergistic effects of nano SnO2 and TiO2 on the mechanical and antibacterial properties of HDPE"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0319-6355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eslam","family":"Syala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdallah S.","family":"Elgharbawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salah F.","family":"Abdellah Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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