{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T13:06:09Z","timestamp":1788440769400,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-37962-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T10:55:31Z","timestamp":1771671331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Falcarindiol alleviates airway inflammation and oxidative stress in asthma through Nrf2 pathway activation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xiuhua","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengxiu","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuhuang","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huifang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"37962_CR1","first-page":"118","volume":"36","author":"MD Gans","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gans, M. D. & Gavrilova, T. Understanding the immunology of asthma: Pathophysiology, biomarkers, and treatments for asthma endotypes. Paediatr. Respir Rev. 36, 118\u2013127 (2020).","journal-title":"Paediatr. Respir Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"37962_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.10.001","volume":"148","author":"RL Miller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miller, R. L., Grayson, M. H. & Strothman, K. Advances in asthma: New understandings of asthma\u2019s natural history, risk factors, underlying mechanisms, and clinical management. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 148 (6), 1430\u20131441 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"37962_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16250","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.16250","volume":"132","author":"M. Cazzola","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cazzola, M. et al. Asthma and comorbidities: Recent advances. Pol. Arch. Intern. Med. 132 (4), 16250 (2022).","journal-title":"Pol. Arch. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"37962_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.23736\/S0026-4806.21.07372-9","volume":"112","author":"A Bosi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bosi, A. et al. Acute severe asthma: Management and treatment. Minerva Med. 112 (5), 605\u2013614 (2021).","journal-title":"Minerva Med."},{"key":"37962_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2021_483","volume":"268","author":"NG Papadopoulos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Papadopoulos, N. G., Miligkos, M. & Xepapadaki, P. A current perspective of allergic asthma: From mechanisms to management. Handb. Exp. Pharmacol. 268, 69\u201393 (2022).","journal-title":"Handb. Exp. Pharmacol."},{"key":"37962_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2021.100995","volume":"85","author":"ZI Komlosi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Komlosi, Z. I. et al. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of allergic asthma. Mol. Aspects Med. 85, 100995 (2022).","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"37962_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15025","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.25","volume":"1","author":"ST Holgate","year":"2015","unstructured":"Holgate, S. T. et al. Asthma. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 1(1):15025. (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"issue":"1","key":"37962_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000800","volume":"22","author":"GK Scadding","year":"2022","unstructured":"Scadding, G. K. & Scadding, G. W. Innate and adaptive immunity in allergic airway disease. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 22 (1), 10\u201315 (2022).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"37962_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14654","volume":"1499","author":"JC Noel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Noel, J. C. & Berin, M. C. Role of innate immunity and myeloid cells in susceptibility to allergic disease. Ann. N Y Acad. Sci. 1499 (1), 42\u201353 (2021).","journal-title":"Ann. N Y Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"37962_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2011.01025.x","volume":"242","author":"M Minnicozzi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Minnicozzi, M., Sawyer, R. T. & Fenton, M. J. Innate immunity in allergic disease. Immunol. Rev. 242 (1), 106\u2013127 (2011).","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"37962_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727806","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.727806","volume":"12","author":"C Audousset","year":"2021","unstructured":"Audousset, C., McGovern, T. & Martin, J. G. Role of Nrf2 in disease: Novel molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches\u2014Pulmonary disease\/asthma. Front. Physiol. 12, 727806 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"37962_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25061386","volume":"25","author":"L Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, L. et al. Protective effect of astaxanthin on ochratoxin A-induced kidney injury to mice by regulating oxidative stress-related NRF2\/KEAP1 pathway. Molecules 25 (6), 1386 (2020).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"4","key":"37962_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.490","volume":"9","author":"C Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu, C. et al. Pterostilbene suppresses oxidative stress and allergic airway inflammation through AMPK\/Sirt1 and Nrf2\/HO-1 pathways. Immun. Inflamm. Dis. 9 (4), 1406\u20131417 (2021).","journal-title":"Immun. Inflamm. Dis."},{"key":"37962_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102262","volume":"51","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. ACSL4 deficiency confers protection against ferroptosis-mediated acute kidney injury. Redox Biol. 51, 102262 (2022).","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"37962_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X22500112","volume":"50","author":"KR Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park, K. R. et al. Falcarindiol stimulates apoptotic and autophagic cell death to attenuate cell proliferation, cell division, and metastasis through the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR\/p70S6K pathway in human oral squamous cell carcinomas. Am. J. Chin. Med. 50 (1), 295\u2013311 (2022).","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"37962_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1021\/np2008522","volume":"75","author":"P Wyrembek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wyrembek, P. et al. Falcarindiol allosterically modulates GABAergic currents in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. J. Nat. Prod. 75 (4), 610\u2013616 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"issue":"3","key":"37962_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-5362.207206","volume":"12","author":"M Ghanadian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghanadian, M. et al. Bioassay-directed isolation of falcarindiol and isoacetovanillon from pycnocycla caespitosa based on KCl-induced contraction in rat uterus smooth muscles. Res. Pharm. Sci. 12 (3), 249\u2013256 (2017).","journal-title":"Res. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"37962_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030632","volume":"15","author":"U Deding","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deding, U. et al. Effect of oral intake of carrot juice on cyclooxygenases and cytokines in healthy human blood stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. Nutrients 15 (3), 632 (2023).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"37962_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.12.012","volume":"244","author":"T Ohnuma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ohnuma, T. et al. Activation of the Nrf2\/ARE pathway via S-alkylation of cysteine 151 in the chemopreventive agent-sensor Keap1 protein by falcarindiol, a conjugated diacetylene compound. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 244 (1), 27\u201336 (2010).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"37962_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.34.371","volume":"34","author":"T Ohnuma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ohnuma, T. et al. Dietary diacetylene falcarindiol induces phase 2 drug-metabolizing enzymes and blocks carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice through suppression of lipid peroxidation. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 34 (3), 371\u2013378 (2011).","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"37962_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916328","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.916328","volume":"13","author":"Z Meng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meng, Z. et al. Potential cellular endocrinology mechanisms underlying the effects of Chinese herbal medicine therapy on asthma. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne). 13, 916328 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"37962_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111383","volume":"137","author":"W Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, W. et al. Active ingredients from Chinese medicine plants as therapeutic strategies for asthma: Overview and challenges. Biomed. Pharmacother. 137, 111383 (2021).","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"1","key":"37962_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.15586\/aei.v50i1.490","volume":"50","author":"JY Yuan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yuan, J. Y. et al. Research progress on icariin, a traditional Chinese medicine extract, in the treatment of asthma. Allergol. Immunopathol. (Madr). 50 (1), 9\u201316 (2022).","journal-title":"Allergol. Immunopathol. (Madr)"},{"key":"37962_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565524","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.565524","volume":"11","author":"CB Andersen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andersen, C. B. et al. Falcarindiol purified from carrots leads to elevated levels of lipid droplets and upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene expression in cellular models. Front. Pharmacol. 11, 565524 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"37962_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128000","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1128000","volume":"13","author":"S Kan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kan, S. et al. Synergistic activity of the combination of falcarindiol and itraconazole in vitro against dermatophytes. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 13, 1128000 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"37962_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3527-y","volume":"11","author":"M Kobaek-Larsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kobaek-Larsen, M. et al. Effect of the dietary polyacetylenes falcarinol and falcarindiol on the gut microbiota composition in a rat model of colorectal cancer. BMC Res. Notes. 11 (1), 411 (2018).","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"issue":"4","key":"37962_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10616-025-00790-y","volume":"77","author":"S Takahashi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Takahashi, S., Okaze, H. & Kawamoto, S. Falcarindiol promotes beige adipocyte-related gene expression and mitochondrial respiration in human preadipocyte-derived adipocytes. Cytotechnology 77 (4), 125 (2025).","journal-title":"Cytotechnology"},{"issue":"9","key":"37962_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70486","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.70486","volume":"39","author":"Z Shi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shi, Z. et al. Falcarindiol suppresses malignant progression and induces ferroptosis in Non-Small cell lung cancer by regulating JAK\/STAT3 axis. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 39 (9), e70486 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"37962_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2024.150860","volume":"736","author":"L Cao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cao, L. et al. Falcarindiol improves functional recovery and alleviates neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury by inhibiting STAT\/MAPK signaling pathways. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 736, 150860 (2024).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"7","key":"37962_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10071499","volume":"10","author":"S Bazan-Socha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bazan-Socha, S. et al. Increased oxidative stress in asthma-relation to inflammatory blood and lung biomarkers and airway remodeling indices. Biomedicines 10 (7), 1499 (2022).","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"2","key":"37962_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2024.2400613","volume":"62","author":"G Shen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shen, G. et al. Association of life\u2019s essential 8 and asthma: Mediating effect of inflammation and oxidative stress. J. Asthma. 62 (2), 328\u2013335 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Asthma"},{"issue":"6","key":"37962_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12061192","volume":"12","author":"R Alfurayhi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alfurayhi, R., Huang, L. & Brandt, K. Pathways affected by falcarinol-type polyacetylenes and implications for their anti-inflammatory function and potential in cancer chemoprevention. Foods 12 (6), 1192 (2023).","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"9","key":"37962_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092223","volume":"11","author":"M Kobaek-Larsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kobaek-Larsen, M. et al. Dietary polyacetylenic oxylipins falcarinol and falcarindiol prevent inflammation and colorectal neoplastic transformation: A mechanistic and dose-response study in a rat model. Nutrients 11 (9), 2223 (2019).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"37962_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-017-3262-z","volume":"445","author":"T Venkatesan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Venkatesan, T. et al. Falcarindiol inhibits LPS-induced inflammation via attenuating MAPK and JAK-STAT signaling pathways in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 445 (1\u20132), 169\u2013178 (2018).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"issue":"3","key":"37962_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.109.162305","volume":"333","author":"S Mitsui","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mitsui, S. et al. The herbal medicine compound falcarindiol from notopterygii rhizoma suppresses dendritic cell maturation. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 333 (3), 954\u2013960 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"issue":"12","key":"37962_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13121533","volume":"13","author":"TW Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim, T. W. & Ko, S. G. A novel PPAR\u03b3 modulator falcarindiol mediates ER stress-mediated apoptosis by regulating NOX4 and overcomes radioresistance in breast cancer. Antioxidants (Basel). 13 (12), 1533 (2024).","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"37962_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3153527","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3153527","volume":"2018","author":"AL Stefanson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stefanson, A. L. & Bakovic, M. Falcarinol is a potent inducer of heme oxygenase-1 and was more effective than sulforaphane in attenuating intestinal inflammation at diet-achievable doses. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2018, 3153527 (2018).","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"37962_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2025.103821","volume":"86","author":"K Arisawa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Arisawa, K. et al. NRF2-dependent suppression of selenoprotein P expression promotes intracellular selenium metabolic remodeling and upregulation of antioxidant selenoproteins in hepatocellular carcinoma. Redox Biol. 86, 103821 (2025).","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"issue":"12","key":"37962_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11122345","volume":"11","author":"V Ngo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ngo, V. & Duennwald, M. L. Nrf2 and oxidative stress: A general overview of mechanisms and implications in human disease. Antioxid. (Basel). 11 (12), 2345 (2022).","journal-title":"Antioxid. (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"37962_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.03.035","volume":"26","author":"S Rayees","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rayees, S. et al. Therapeutic effects of R8, a semi-synthetic analogue of vasicine, on murine model of allergic airway inflammation via STAT6 Inhibition. Int. Immunopharmacol. 26 (1), 246\u2013256 (2015). \\.","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"37962_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5315","volume":"29","author":"SI Bukhari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bukhari, S. I. et al. Safranal of Crocus sativus L. inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase and attenuates asthma in a mouse model of asthma. Phytother Res. 29 (4), 617\u2013627 (2015).","journal-title":"Phytother Res."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37962-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37962-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37962-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T14:02:19Z","timestamp":1774533739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-37962-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["37962"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-37962-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Longyan First Hospital. Each experiment was performed in accordance with the National Institute of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. The study was carried out in compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines (\n                      \n                      ).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"10140"}}