{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T12:15:52Z","timestamp":1771416952082,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-38085-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T07:54:19Z","timestamp":1770018859000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Occurrence of Borrelia miyamotoi in Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks removed from human skin in Poland in 2022\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0224-635X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Sawczyn-Doma\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Matczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7007-3262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Chmura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Paprzycki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Krzowska-Firych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5260-4867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelina","family":"W\u00f3jcik-Fatla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"38085_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arahal, D. R. et al. Judicial Opinions 123\u2013127. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 72(12), 005708 (2022).","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.005708"},{"key":"38085_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-45-4-804","volume":"45","author":"M Fukunaga","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fukunaga, M. et al. Genetic and phenotypic analysis of Borrelia miyamotoi sp. nov., isolated from the Ixodid tick Ixodes persulcatus, the vector for Lyme disease in Japan. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 45, 804\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/00207713-45-4-804 (1995).","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol."},{"key":"38085_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110616","volume":"27","author":"D Hoornstra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hoornstra, D. et al. Combining short- and long-read sequencing unveils geographically structured diversity in borrelia miyamotoi. iScience 27, 110616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110616 (2024).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"38085_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2186-5","volume":"10","author":"V Rar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rar, V. et al. Detection and genetic characterization of a wide range of infectious agents in Ixodes pavlovskyi ticks in Western Siberia, Russia. Parasit. Vectors. 10, 258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2186-5 (2017).","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"38085_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e772","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00157-4","volume":"3","author":"D Hoornstra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hoornstra, D. et al. Prevalence and clinical manifestation of Borrelia miyamotoi in Ixodes ticks and humans in the Northern hemisphere: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Microbe. 3, e772\u2013e786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00157-4 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"38085_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00609","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00609-17","volume":"83","author":"M Strnad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Strnad, M., H\u00f6nig, V., R\u016f\u017eek, D., Grubhoffer, L. & Rego, R. O. M. Europe-wide meta-analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu Lato prevalence in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 83, e00609\u2013e00617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.00609-17 (2017).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"38085_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2024.107268","volume":"256","author":"PH Kelly","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kelly, P. H. et al. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu Lato prevalence in Ixodes scapularis from canada: A thirty-year summary and meta-analysis (1990\u20132020). Acta Trop. 256, 107268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2024.107268 (2024).","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"38085_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1504.080940","volume":"15","author":"ST Walk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Walk, S. T., Xu, G., Stull, J. W. & Rich, S. M. Correlation between tick density and pathogen endemicity, new Hampshire. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 15, 585\u2013587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid1504.080940 (2009).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"38085_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1603\/ME13101","volume":"51","author":"MA Prusinski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Prusinski, M. A. et al. Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae), and Babesia microti (Piroplasmida: Babesiidae) in Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from recreational lands in the Hudson Valley Region, new York state. J. Med. Entomol. 51, 226\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1603\/ME13101 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"38085_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.07.009","volume":"9","author":"TL Johnson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Johnson, T. L. et al. Prevalence and distribution of seven human pathogens in host-seeking Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) nymphs in Minnesota, USA. Ticks Tick. Borne Dis. 9, 1499\u20131507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.07.009 (2018).","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Borne Dis."},{"key":"38085_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06518-9","volume":"17","author":"L Price","year":"2024","unstructured":"Price, L. et al. Spatial and Temporal distribution of Ixodes scapularis and tick-borne pathogens across the Northeastern united States. Parasit. Vectors. 17, 481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06518-9 (2024).","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"38085_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61644-X","volume":"382","author":"JW Hovius","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hovius, J. W. et al. A case of meningoencephalitis by the relapsing fever spirochaete Borrelia miyamotoi in Europe. Lancet 382, 658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61644-X (2013).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"38085_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2209.152034","volume":"22","author":"K Boden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boden, K., Lobenstein, S., Hermann, B., Margos, G. & Fingerle, V. Borrelia miyamotoi-associated neuroborreliosis in immunocompromised person. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 22, 1617\u20131620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2209.152034 (2016).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"38085_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Henningsson, A. J. et al. Two cases of Borrelia miyamotoi meningitis, Sweden. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 25, 1965\u20131968. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2510.190416 (2019).","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2510.190416"},{"key":"38085_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00055","volume":"7","author":"M Franck","year":"2020","unstructured":"Franck, M. et al. Borrelia miyamotoi: 43 cases diagnosed in France by Real-Time PCR in patients with persistent polymorphic signs and symptoms. Front. Med. 7, 55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2020.00055 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"38085_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2409.180806","volume":"24","author":"D Hoornstra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hoornstra, D., Koetsveld, J., Sprong, H., Platonov, A. E. & Hovius, J. W. Borrelia miyamotoi disease in an immunocompetent patient, Western Europe. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 24, 1770\u20131772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2409.180806 (2018).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"38085_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.26444\/aaem\/191046","volume":"32","author":"B Fiecek","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fiecek, B., Szewczyk, T., Lewandowska, G. & Chmielewski, T. Borrelia miyamotoi DNA in a patient suspected of Lyme borreliosis. Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. 32, 142\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26444\/aaem\/191046 (2025).","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med."},{"key":"38085_CR18","unstructured":"Siuda, K. Kleszcze Polski. Acari (Ixodida). Cze\u015b\u0107 II. Systematyka I Rozmieszczenie (Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne, 1993). [in Polish]."},{"key":"38085_CR19","unstructured":"Nowak-Chmura, M. Fauna of Ticks (Ixodida) of Central Europe (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego, 2013). [in Polish]."},{"key":"38085_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10034","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.21.10034","volume":"91","author":"WC Black","year":"1994","unstructured":"Black, W. C. & Piesman, J. Phylogeny of hard- and soft-tick taxa (Acari: Ixodida) based on mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91, 10034\u201310038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.91.21.10034 (1994).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"38085_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51914","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051914","volume":"7","author":"J Geller","year":"2012","unstructured":"Geller, J. et al. Detection and genetic characterization of relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi in Estonian ticks. PLoS One. 7, e51914. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0051914 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"38085_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1134\/S0013873810080129","volume":"90","author":"NV Fomenko","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fomenko, N. V. et al. Detection of Borrelia miyamotoi in Ixodes persulcatus ticks in Russia. Entmol Rev. 90, 1088\u20131094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/S0013873810080129 (2010).","journal-title":"Entmol Rev."},{"key":"38085_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-023-00818-y","volume":"90","author":"A Sawczyn-Doma\u0144ska","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sawczyn-Doma\u0144ska, A., Zwoli\u0144ski, J., Kloc, A. & W\u00f3jcik-Fatla, A. Prevalence of Borrelia, Neoehrlichia mikurensis and Babesia in ticks collected from vegetation in Eastern Poland. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 90, 409\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10493-023-00818-y (2023).","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol"},{"key":"38085_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-015-9990-4","volume":"68","author":"A W\u00f3jcik-Fatla","year":"2016","unstructured":"W\u00f3jcik-Fatla, A. et al. Infections and mixed infections with the selected species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu Lato complex in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in Eastern poland: a significant increase in the course of 5 years. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 68, 197\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10493-015-9990-4 (2016).","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol"},{"key":"38085_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06427-x","volume":"5","author":"C Philippe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Philippe, C. et al. The prevalence of pathogens in ticks collected from humans in Belgium, 2021, versus 2017. Parasit. Vectors. 5, 380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-024-06427-x (2024).","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"38085_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005042","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005042","volume":"10","author":"S Jahfari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jahfari, S. et al. Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in humans with tick bites and erythema migrans, in the Netherlands. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 10, e0005042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005042 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"38085_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102285","volume":"15","author":"S Melis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Melis, S. et al. High-throughput screening of pathogens in Ixodes ricinus removed from hosts in Lombardy, Northern Italy. Ticks Tick. Borne Dis. 15, 102285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102285 (2024).","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Borne Dis."},{"key":"38085_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.101363","volume":"11","author":"A Springer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Springer, A., Raulf, M. K., Fingerle, V. & Strube, C. Borrelia prevalence and species distribution in ticks removed from humans in Germany, 2013\u20132017. Ticks Tick. Borne Dis. 11, 101363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.101363 (2020).","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Borne Dis."},{"key":"38085_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pawe\u0142czyk, A. et al. Long-term study of borrelia and Babesia prevalence and co-infection in Ixodes ricinus and dermacentor recticulatus ticks removed from humans in Poland, 2016\u20132019. Parasit. Vectors. 14, 348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-021-04849-5 (2021).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04849-5"},{"key":"38085_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.102003","volume":"13","author":"GE Lynn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lynn, G. E. et al. A comparison of horizontal and transovarial transmission efficiency of Borrelia miyamotoi by Ixodes scapularis. Ticks Tick. Borne Dis. 13, 102003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.102003 (2022).","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Borne Dis."},{"key":"38085_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2012.06.008","volume":"4","author":"L Rollend","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rollend, L., Fish, D. & Childs, J. E. Transovarial transmission of Borrelia spirochetes by Ixodes scapularis: A summary of the literature and recent observations. Ticks Tick. Borne Dis. 4, 46\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2012.06.008 (2013).","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Borne Dis."},{"key":"38085_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-362","volume":"6","author":"P Wilhelmsson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wilhelmsson, P. et al. Ixodes ricinus ticks removed from humans in Northern europe: seasonal pattern of infestation, attachment sites and duration of feeding. Parasites Vectors. 6, 362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-3305-6-362 (2013).","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"38085_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12659","volume":"67","author":"B Cull","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cull, B. et al. Seasonality and anatomical location of human tick bites in the united Kingdom. Zoonoses Public. Health. 67, 112\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.12659 (2020).","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public. Health"},{"key":"38085_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.02.006","volume":"21","author":"PJ Krause","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krause, P. J., Fish, D., Narasimhan, S. & Barbour, A. G. Borrelia miyamotoi infection in nature and in humans. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 21, 631\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.02.006 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"38085_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-233","volume":"7","author":"JF Cosson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cosson, J. F. et al. Genetic characterization of the human relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi in vectors and animal reservoirs of Lyme disease spirochetes in France. Parasit. Vectors. 7, 233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-3305-7-233 (2014).","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"38085_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0501-y","volume":"11","author":"T Cerar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cerar, T., Korva, M., Av\u0161i\u010d-\u017dupanc, T. & Ru\u017ei\u0107-Sablji\u0107, E. Detection, identification and genotyping of Borrellia spp. In rodents In Slovenia by PCR and culture. BMC Vet. Res. 11, 188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-015-0501-y (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"38085_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0922-2","volume":"8","author":"S Szekeres","year":"2015","unstructured":"Szekeres, S. et al. Eco-epidemiology of Borrelia miyamotoi and Lyme borreliosis spirochetes in a popular hunting and recreational forest area in Hungary. Parasit. Vectors. 8, 309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-015-0922-2 (2015).","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"38085_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0517","volume":"94","author":"A Tadin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tadin, A. et al. Molecular survey of zoonotic agents in rodents and other small mammals in Croatia. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 94, 466\u2013473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0517 (2016).","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"38085_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wagemakers, A. et al. Borrelia miyamotoi in vectors and hosts in The Netherlands. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 8, 370\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.12.012 (2017).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.12.012"},{"key":"38085_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.11.007","volume":"5","author":"C Burri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Burri, C., Schumann, O., Schumann, C. & Gern, L. Are Apodemus spp. Mice and Myodes Glareolus reservoirs for Borrelia miyamotoi, Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Rickettsia helvetica, R. monacensis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum? Ticks Tick. Borne Dis. 5, 245\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.11.007 (2014).","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Borne Dis."},{"key":"38085_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Han, S. et al. Vertical transmission rates of Borrelia miyamotoi in Ixodes scapularis collected from white-tailed deer. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 10, 682\u2013689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.02.014 (2019).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.02.014"},{"key":"38085_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.10.003","volume":"10","author":"M Kohn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kohn, M. et al. Dermacentor reticulatus in Berlin\/Brandenburg (Germany): activity patterns and associated pathogens. Ticks Tick. Borne Dis. 10, 191\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.10.003 (2019).","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Borne Dis."},{"key":"38085_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28436","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-77295-9","volume":"14","author":"B Fiecek","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fiecek, B. et al. The occurrence of Borrelia miyamotoi in Dermacentor reticulatus and Ixodes ricinus ticks in the chornobyl exclusion Zone, Ukraine. Sci. Rep. 14, 28436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-77295-9 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"38085_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/32.4.402","volume":"32","author":"FH Sanders","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sanders, F. H. & Oliver, J. H. Evaluation of Ixodes scapularis, Amblyomma americanum, and Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) from Georgia as vectors of a Florida strain of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. J. Med. Entomol. 32, 402\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jmedent\/32.4.402 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"38085_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-38.1.99","volume":"38","author":"R Johns","year":"2001","unstructured":"Johns, R. et al. Contrasts in tick innate immune responses to Borrelia burgdorferi challenge: immunotolerance in Ixodes scapularis versus immunocompetence in Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae). J. Med. Entomol. 38, 99\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1603\/0022-2585-38.1.99 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"38085_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2391-2","volume":"10","author":"M Kowalec","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kowalec, M. et al. Ticks and the City - are there any differences between City parks and natural forests in terms of tick abundance and prevalence of spirochaetes? Parasites Vectors. 10, 573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2391-2 (2017).","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"38085_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12767","volume":"67","author":"JJ Sormunen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sormunen, J. J. Enhanced threat of tick-borne infections within cities? Assessing public health risks due to ticks in urban green spaces in Helsinki, Finland. Zoonoses Public. Health. 67, 823\u2013839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.12767 (2020).","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public. Health"},{"key":"38085_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2017.03.008","volume":"8","author":"NE Breuner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Breuner, N. E. et al. Transmission of Borrelia miyamotoi sensu Lato relapsing fever group spirochetes in relation to duration of attachment by Ixodes scapularis nymphs. Ticks Tick. Borne Dis. 8, 677\u2013681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2017.03.008 (2017).","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Borne Dis."},{"key":"38085_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Burde, J., Bloch, E. M., Kelly, J. R. & Krause, P. J. Human Borrelia miyamotoi Infection in North America. Pathogens. 12, 553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens12040553 (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12040553"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-38085-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-38085-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-38085-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T11:49:56Z","timestamp":1771415396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-38085-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["38085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-38085-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Ethics statement"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"for the examination of ticks removed from the skin of bitten people tested for\n                      Borrelia\n                      presence was received by the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Rural Health in Lublin (Approval no. 1\/2022) as a part of the National Health Programme for the years 2021\u20132025, financed by the Minister of Health in Poland, under the name: \u201cTaking initiatives to prevent occupational and work-related diseases, including those related to the service of professional soldiers and officers, and strengthening the health of workers, Operational Objective No. 4: Environmental health and infectious diseases\u201d.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"6888"}}