{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:43:27Z","timestamp":1791495807277,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82301901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82301901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020440","name":"Beijing Health Promotion Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BJHPA-2023-SZHYXZHQN-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJHPA-2023-SZHYXZHQN-006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020440","name":"Beijing Health Promotion Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BJHPA-2022-SHZHYXZHQNYJ-LCH-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJHPA-2022-SHZHYXZHQNYJ-LCH-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Clinical Trials from the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital","award":["2021-LCYJ-MS-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-LCYJ-MS-20"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-38286-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T09:47:59Z","timestamp":1771235279000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Subendometrial platelet-rich plasma injection for refractory thin endometrium: a prospective pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9458-8922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"38286_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-020-00636-6","volume":"18","author":"H Lv","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lv, H. et al. Effect of endometrial thickness and embryo quality on live-birth rate of fresh IVF\/ICSI cycles: a retrospective cohort study. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 18 (1), 89 (2020).","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"38286_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2019.02.013","volume":"39","author":"KE Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, K. E., Hartman, M. & Hartman, A. Management of thin endometrium in assisted reproduction: a clinical practice guideline from the Canadian fertility and andrology society. Reprod. Biomed. Online. 39 (1), 49\u201362 (2019).","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"issue":"3","key":"38286_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.05.013","volume":"37","author":"G Oron","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oron, G. et al. Endometrial thickness of less than 7.5\u00a0mm is associated with obstetric complications in fresh IVF cycles: a retrospective cohort study. Reprod. Biomed. Online. 37 (3), 341\u2013348 (2018).","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"38286_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3069741","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3069741","volume":"2018","author":"Z Jing","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jing, Z., Yi, Y., Xi, H., Sun, L. Q. & Yanping, L. Therapeutic effects of VEGF Gene-Transfected BMSCs transplantation on thin endometrium in the rat model. Stem Cells Int. 2018, 3069741 (2018).","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"38286_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-021-02146-9","volume":"38","author":"FI Sharara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharara, F. I., Lelea, L. L., Rahman, S., Klebanoff, J. S. & Moawad, G. N. A narrative review of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in reproductive medicine. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 38 (5), 1003\u20131012 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"38286_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.5935\/1518-0557.20210037","volume":"26","author":"Y Dogra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dogra, Y., Singh, N. & Vanamail, P. Autologous platelet-rich plasma optimizes endometrial thickness and pregnancy outcomes in women with refractory thin endometrium of varied aetiology during fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. JBRA Assist. Reprod. 26 (1), 13\u201321 (2022).","journal-title":"JBRA Assist. Reprod."},{"key":"38286_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530953","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1530953","volume":"13","author":"W Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang, W. et al. Association of endometrial thickness with live birth rates among women undergoing fresh IVF, FET, and PGT cycles. Front. Cell. Dev. Biol. 13, 1530953 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"38286_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"hoad023","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoad023","volume":"2023","author":"EWGRI Failure","year":"2023","unstructured":"Failure, E. W. G. R. I. et al. ESHRE good practice recommendations on recurrent implantation failure. Hum. Reprod. Open. 2023 (3), hoad023 (2023).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Open."},{"issue":"5","key":"38286_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2016.02.001","volume":"32","author":"JA Garcia-Velasco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garcia-Velasco, J. A. et al. Strategies to manage refractory endometrium: state of the Art in 2016. Reprod. Biomed. Online. 32 (5), 474\u2013489 (2016).","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"issue":"6","key":"38286_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.062","volume":"93","author":"A Takasaki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Takasaki, A. et al. Endometrial growth and uterine blood flow: a pilot study for improving endometrial thickness in the patients with a thin endometrium. Fertil. Steril. 93 (6), 1851\u20131858 (2010).","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"38286_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066210","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1066210","volume":"14","author":"T Yi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yi, T., Zhang, X., Gupta, V., Li, L. & Zhong, Q. Transdermal Estrogen gel vs oral Estrogen after hysteroscopy for intrauterine adhesion separation: A prospective randomized study. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne). 14, 1066210 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"38286_CR12","first-page":"8526104","volume":"2017","author":"Y Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen, Y. et al. Effects of aspirin and intrauterine balloon on endometrial repair and reproductive prognosis in patients with severe intrauterine adhesion: A prospective cohort study. Biomed. Res. Int. 2017, 8526104 (2017).","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"38286_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1080\/14647273.2019.1673906","volume":"24","author":"F Krief","year":"2021","unstructured":"Krief, F., Simon, C., Goldstein, R., Ellenberg, L. P. & Ledee, N. Efficacy of Tocopherol and Pentoxifylline combined therapy for women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment with poor endometrial development: a retrospective cohort study on 143 patients. Hum. Fertil. (Camb). 24 (5), 367\u2013375 (2021).","journal-title":"Hum. Fertil. (Camb)"},{"issue":"4","key":"38286_CR14","first-page":"289","volume":"13","author":"A Moini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moini, A. et al. The effect of vaginal sildenafil on the outcome of assisted reproductive technology cycles in patients with repeated implantation failures: A randomized Placebo-Controlled trial. Int. J. Fertil. Steril. 13 (4), 289\u2013295 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Fertil. Steril."},{"issue":"1","key":"38286_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05029-7","volume":"22","author":"F Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, F. et al. Effectiveness of electroacupuncture for thin endometrium in infertile women: study protocol for a single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Trials 22 (1), 73 (2021).","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"7","key":"38286_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-017-0922-6","volume":"34","author":"Y Mouhayar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mouhayar, Y. & Sharara, F. I. G-CSF and stem cell therapy for the treatment of refractory thin lining in assisted reproductive technology. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 34 (7), 831\u2013837 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"38286_CR17","first-page":"1286","volume":"8","author":"Y Chang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chang, Y. et al. Autologous platelet-rich plasma promotes endometrial growth and improves pregnancy outcome during in vitro fertilization. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 8 (1), 1286\u20131290 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"38286_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14062","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014062","volume":"98","author":"Y Chang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chang, Y. et al. Autologous platelet-rich plasma infusion improves clinical pregnancy rate in frozen embryo transfer cycles for women with thin endometrium. Med. (Baltim). 98 (3), e14062 (2019).","journal-title":"Med. (Baltim)."},{"key":"38286_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00061","volume":"10","author":"H Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim, H. et al. Effect of autologous Platelet-Rich plasma treatment on refractory thin endometrium during the frozen embryo transfer cycle: A pilot study. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne). 10, 61 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"38286_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, P. Y. et al. Factors affecting the potential efficacy of intrauterine Platelet-Rich plasma infusion on thin endometrium in women with recurrent implantation failure. J. Pers. Med. 13(9):1419. (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13091419"},{"issue":"1","key":"38286_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-27982-w","volume":"13","author":"Z Efendieva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Efendieva, Z. et al. Hysteroscopic injections of autologous endometrial cells and platelet-rich plasma in patients with thin endometrium: a pilot randomized study. Sci. Rep. 13 (1), 945 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"38286_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.07.007","volume":"276","author":"N Kong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kong, N. et al. Adverse impact of elevated progesterone levels on human chorionic gonadotropin trigger day on blastocyst transfer outcomes in gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist cycles. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 276, 107\u2013112 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"38286_CR23","first-page":"423","volume":"14","author":"B Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang, B., Sun, H. X., Hu, Y. L., Chen, H. & Zhang, N. Y. [Application of GnRH-antagonist to IVF-ET for patients with poor ovarian response]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 14 (5), 423\u2013426 (2008).","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"38286_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-8-122","volume":"8","author":"L Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang, L., Qiao, J., Li, R., Zhen, X. & Liu, Z. Role of endometrial blood flow assessment with color doppler energy in predicting pregnancy outcome of IVF-ET cycles. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 8, 122 (2010).","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"38286_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04605-2","volume":"22","author":"N Kong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kong, N. et al. The relationship between serum oestrogen levels and clinical outcomes of hormone replacement therapy-frozen embryo transfer: a retrospective clinical study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 22 (1), 265 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"6","key":"38286_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2018.10.007","volume":"57","author":"M Eftekhar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eftekhar, M., Neghab, N., Naghshineh, E. & Khani, P. Can autologous platelet rich plasma expand endometrial thickness and improve pregnancy rate during frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle? A randomized clinical trial. Taiwan. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 57 (6), 810\u2013813 (2018).","journal-title":"Taiwan. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"38286_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.4103\/jhrs.JHRS_28_17","volume":"10","author":"SR Tandulwadkar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tandulwadkar, S. R., Naralkar, M. V., Surana, A. D., Selvakarthick, M. & Kharat, A. H. Autologous intrauterine Platelet-Rich plasma instillation for suboptimal endometrium in frozen embryo transfer cycles: A pilot study. J. Hum. Reprod. Sci. 10 (3), 208\u2013212 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Hum. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"38286_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agarwal, M. et al. Management of a thin endometrium by hysteroscopic instillation of Platelet-Rich plasma into the endomyometrial junction: A pilot study. J. Clin. Med. 9(9):2795. (2020).","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092795"},{"key":"38286_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaha, I. A. et al. Autologous Platelet-Rich plasma (PRP) in Infertility-Infusion versus injectable PRP. J. Pers. Med. 13(12):1676. (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13121676"},{"key":"38286_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, T. N. et al. Intrauterine infusion and hysteroscopic injection of autologous Platelet-Rich plasma for patients with a persistent thin endometrium: A prospective Case-Control study. J. Clin. Med. 13(10):2838. (2024).","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13102838"},{"key":"38286_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431453","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1431453","volume":"15","author":"SY Shin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shin, S. Y. et al. Angiogenic factor-driven improvement of refractory thin endometrium with autologous platelet-rich plasma intrauterine infusion in frozen embryo transfer cycles. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne). 15, 1431453 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"5","key":"38286_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7403","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28014","volume":"120","author":"X Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, X. et al. Investigation of platelet-rich plasma in increasing proliferation and migration of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells and improving pregnancy outcome of patients with thin endometrium. J. Cell. Biochem. 120 (5), 7403\u20137411 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"issue":"10","key":"38286_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-024-03254-y","volume":"41","author":"X Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, X. et al. Effects of intrauterine infusion of autologous platelet-rich plasma gel on endometrial thickness and outcomes of frozen-thawed embryo transfer in women with thin endometrium. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 41 (10), 2635\u20132647 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"issue":"4","key":"38286_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-025-07948-1","volume":"311","author":"N Gurkan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gurkan, N. & Alper, T. The effect of endometrial PRP on fertility outcomes in women with implantation failure or thin endometrium. Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 311 (4), 1195\u20131204 (2025).","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"issue":"1","key":"38286_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmu047","volume":"21","author":"D Galliano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Galliano, D., Bellver, J., Diaz-Garcia, C., Simon, C. & Pellicer, A. ART and uterine pathology: how relevant is the maternal side for implantation? Hum. Reprod. Update. 21 (1), 13\u201338 (2015).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"38286_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sha, T. et al. Associations of Pre-Pregnancy BMI, Gestational Weight Gain and Maternal Parity with the Trajectory of Weight in Early Childhood: A Prospective Cohort Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 16(7). (2019).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16071110"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-38286-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-38286-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-38286-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T09:15:09Z","timestamp":1773825309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-38286-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["38286"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-38286-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This prospective single\u2013arm, self\u2013controlled trial was conducted at the IVF Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, affiliated with the Medical School of Nanjing University, from October 2023 to October 2024. The study received ethical approval from the hospital\u2019s Ethics Committee (reference number 2023\u2013625\u201302).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}],"article-number":"9240"}}