{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T21:57:16Z","timestamp":1787003836337,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770422400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Research project of Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission","award":["Yl2023029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Yl2023029"]}]},{"name":"the Lianyungang First People\u2019s Hospital Doctoral Initiation Fund","award":["BS202307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BS202307"]}]},{"name":"the 2022 Lianyungang Municipal Health Commission Research Project","award":["202222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202222"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Based on the differences in drug resistance characteristics between\n                    <jats:italic>Candida glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Candida krusei<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the clinical need for rapid discrimination, this study established a duplex recombinase polymerase amplification-lateral flow strip (RPA-LFS) detection system using dual-labeled probes. By optimizing ITS2-targeted primers and probes (5\u2032-end labeled with FITC\/DIG, 3\u2032-end labeled with biotin) and integrating dual test lines on the strip (streptavidin-T line for directional capture), simultaneous visual detection of both targets was achieved. Performance validation demonstrated: a detection limit of 10 copies\/mL and 100 copies\/mL, matching qPCR sensitivity; 100% detection rate for 30 target strains (including 12 reference and clinical isolates) with strict discrimination from 8 closely related pathogens (0% cross-reactivity); high concordance with qPCR in 328 clinical samples (sensitivity, specificity, and total concordance all 100%). The system delivers \u201csample-to-result\u201d output within 30\u00a0min without complex instrumentation, providing technical support for precise point-of-care discrimination of drug-resistant Candida infections and rational antifungal drug use, particularly in primary healthcare settings and outbreak scenarios.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-38310-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T09:15:46Z","timestamp":1770455746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Establishment and application of a duplex RPA-LFS detection system for Candida glabrata and Candida krusei"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"38310_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00503-3","volume":"10","author":"C Lass-Fl\u00f6rl","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lass-Fl\u00f6rl, C. et al. Invasive candidiasis. Nat. Rev. Disease Primers. 10 (1), 20 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Reviews Disease Primers"},{"key":"38310_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18026","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.26","volume":"4","author":"PG Pappas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pappas, P. G. et al. Invasive candidiasis. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers. 4, 18026 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"38310_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vempati, Y. S. & Sobel, J. D. Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Caused by Candida Krusei (Pichia kudriavzevii), Still a Formidable Challenge (J Low Genit Tract Dis, 2025).","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000899"},{"issue":"2","key":"38310_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.20273","volume":"39","author":"C Rodr\u00edguez-Cerdeira","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Cerdeira, C. et al. Virulence and resistance factors of Nakaseomyces glabratus (formerly known as Candida glabrata) in Europe: A systematic review. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 39 (2), 377\u2013388 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"38310_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S459378","volume":"17","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. N-Butylphthalide potentiates the effect of fluconazole against drug-resistant Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis. Evidence for its mechanism of action. Infect. Drug Resist. 17, 2017\u20132029 (2024).","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"38310_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2023.105757","volume":"154","author":"F Hatami","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hatami, F. et al. Molecular mechanisms of Azole resistance in Candida glabrata isolated from oropharyngeal candidiasis in head and neck cancer patients. Arch. Oral Biol. 154, 105757 (2023).","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"38310_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456907","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1456907","volume":"14","author":"L Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng, L. et al. Parallel evolution of fluconazole resistance and tolerance in Candida glabrata. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 14, 1456907 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"38310_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hernando-Ortiz, A. et al. Candidiasis by Candida glabrata, Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis in Galleria mellonella: Virulence and therapeutic responses to echinocandins. J. Fungi.\u00a07(12) (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7120998"},{"issue":"11","key":"38310_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2100713","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202100713","volume":"5","author":"C Heuer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Heuer, C. et al. Paving the way to overcome antifungal drug resistance: Current practices and novel developments for rapid and reliable antifungal susceptibility testing. Small Methods 5(11), e2100713 (2021).","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"issue":"9","key":"38310_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit006","volume":"56","author":"CJ Clancy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clancy, C. J. & Nguyen, M. H. Finding the missing 50% of invasive candidiasis: How nonculture diagnostics will improve Understanding of disease spectrum and transform patient care. Clin. Infect. Dis. 56(9), 1284\u20131292 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"38310_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bloch, A. et al. Usefulness of chromogenic media in the identification of Candida spp. Yeasts compared to mass spectrometry. Methods Protoc.\u00a08(5)\u00a0(2025).","DOI":"10.3390\/mps8050098"},{"issue":"1","key":"38310_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.riam.2016.04.007","volume":"34","author":"C Dudiuk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dudiuk, C. et al. Multiplex PCR designed to differentiate species within the Candida glabrata complex. Revista Iberoamericana De Micolog\u00eda 34(1), 43\u201345 (2017).","journal-title":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micolog\u00eda"},{"key":"38310_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.127903","volume":"311","author":"X Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang, X. et al. Rapid and visual detection of enterovirus using recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow strips. Sens. Actuators B 311, 127903 (2020).","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"38310_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, M. et al. Recombinant polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow strips for the detection of deep-seated Candida krusei infections. 12\u00a0(2022).","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.958858"},{"key":"38310_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, K. et al. Establishment of a rapid diagnosis method for Candida glabrata based on the ITS2 gene using recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow strips. 12\u00a0(2022).","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.953302"},{"key":"38310_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2022.123594","volume":"248","author":"G Cao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao, G. et al. Automated, portable, and high-throughput fluorescence analyzer (APHF-analyzer) and lateral flow strip based on CRISPR\/Cas13a for sensitive and visual detection of SARS-CoV-2. Talanta 248, 123594 (2022).","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"41","key":"38310_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15146","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c02973","volume":"95","author":"X Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun, X. et al. A multichannel fluorescence isothermal amplification device with integrated internet of medical things for rapid sensing of pathogens through deep learning. Anal. Chem. 95(41), 15146\u201315152 (2023).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"38310_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L. et al. Rapid detection of Candida tropicalis in clinical samples from different sources using RPA-LFS. 12\u00a0(2022).","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.898186"},{"key":"38310_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao, C. et al. A dual RPA-LFD assay for the simultaneous detection of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis. 12\u00a0(2024).","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1379939"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"38310_CR20","first-page":"S392","volume":"7","author":"T Edlind","year":"2020","unstructured":"Edlind, T. & Katiyar, S. 676. New PLST locus for sequence-based typing of Candida glabrata clinical isolates. Open. Forum Infect. Dis. 7(Supplement_1), S392\u2013S392 (2020).","journal-title":"Open. Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"38310_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Birk, N. K. et al. 607. Candidemia: Role of T2Candida\u00ae compared to Bact\/Alert Virtuo blood culture system in a real-world setting. Open. Forum Infect. Dis.\u00a010(Supplement_2) (2023).","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad500.673"},{"issue":"5","key":"38310_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01628","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01628-23","volume":"11","author":"DH Navarathna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Navarathna, D. H. et al. Diagnostic performance of DNA probe-based and PCR-based molecular vaginitis testing. Microbiol. Spectr. 11(5), e01628\u2013e01623 (2023).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"issue":"2","key":"38310_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116923","volume":"113","author":"S Almas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Almas, S. et al. Streamlining fungal diagnostics: Evaluation of a Direct-to-PCR extraction-free workflow for Candida detection. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 113(2), 116923 (2025).","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"38310_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2022.01.011","volume":"30","author":"AM El-Ganiny","year":"2022","unstructured":"El-Ganiny, A. M. et al. Repurposing pantoprazole and haloperidol as efflux pump inhibitors in Azole resistant clinical Candida albicans and non-albicans isolates. Saudi Pharm. J. 30(3), 245\u2013255 (2022).","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"38310_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17422","volume":"193","author":"A van de Geer","year":"2021","unstructured":"van de Geer, A. et al. Biomarkers to predict infection and infection-related complications during chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in acute myeloid leukaemia: A pilot study. Br. J. Haematol. 193(5), 1008\u20131012 (2021).","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"issue":"1","key":"38310_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-020-01161-7","volume":"20","author":"ST Argaw","year":"2020","unstructured":"Argaw, S. T. et al. Cybersecurity of hospitals: Discussing the challenges and working towards mitigating the risks. BMC Med. Inf. Decis. Mak. 20(1), 146 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Med. Inf. Decis. Mak."},{"issue":"2","key":"38310_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13879","volume":"47","author":"JW Wynne","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wynne, J. W. et al. Improved environmental detection of Neoparamoeba perurans using sensitive RNA-based qPCR. J. Fish Dis. 47(2), e13879 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"38310_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114501","volume":"214","author":"TS Zavvar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zavvar, T. S. et al. CRISPR\/Cas-engineered technology: Innovative approach for biosensor development. Biosens. Bioelectron. 214, 114501 (2022).","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-38310-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-38310-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-38310-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T17:43:44Z","timestamp":1781631824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-38310-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["38310"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-38310-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study received ethical approval from the Second People\u2019s Hospital of Lianyungang Ethics Committee (Approval #2020005). Clinical strains were isolated from sputum samples (2020-2022) obtained with written informed patient consent. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}],"article-number":"7717"}}