{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T12:20:07Z","timestamp":1777983607173,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A controlled diet is essential for delaying disease progression and achieving optimal glycemic control among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, inappropriate dietary practices remain common in low-resource settings. This hospital-based cross-sectional study examined dietary patterns and associated factors among adults with T2DM attending Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 416 participants were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, including a one-week food frequency questionnaire, socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics, nutrition knowledge, and fasting blood sugar measurements. Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis, and multiple linear regression models were applied to assess associated factors. Two major dietary patterns were identified, jointly explaining 20.7% of the total variance in dietary intake, indicating meaningful heterogeneity in food consumption behaviors. The mixed dietary pattern, characterized by higher consumption of raw meat, boiled beef, eggs, kocho, kita, and soft drinks, accounted for 10.6% of the variance and was positively associated with being a daily laborer (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.10; 95% CI 0.03, 0.18). The traditional dietary pattern explained 10.1% of the variance and was inversely associated with the presence of comorbid conditions (\u03b2\u2009= \u2212\u20090.30; 95% CI\u20130.62,\u2009\u2212\u20090.02). Distinct dietary patterns were observed among patients with T2DM, with occupational status and comorbidity burden emerging as significant determinants of dietary behavior. These findings underscore the need for culturally tailored nutrition education and dietary counseling interventions to improve diabetes management in similar resource-limited settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-39574-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T04:26:23Z","timestamp":1771388783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary patterns and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending Wolaita Sodo university comprehensive specialized hospitals, South Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Amanuel Kora","family":"Moliso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haileyesus Worku","family":"Fankasho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wondimagegn","family":"Paulos Kumma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"39574_CR1","unstructured":"Federation; ID. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th ed. Brussels. 2021."},{"key":"39574_CR2","volume-title":"Global report on diabetes","author":"WH Organization","year":"2016","unstructured":"Organization, W. H. Global report on diabetes (WHO, 2016)."},{"key":"39574_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107843","volume":"157","author":"PPI Saeedi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saeedi, P. P. I. et al. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 157, 107843 (2019).","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"2","key":"39574_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.151","volume":"14","author":"YLS Zheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zheng, Y. L. S. & Hu, F. B. Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol 14(2), 88\u201398 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9933","key":"39574_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60613-9","volume":"383","author":"SHHO Ley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ley, S. H. H. O., Mohan, V. & Hu, F. B. Prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: Dietary components and nutritional strategies. Lancet 383(9933), 1999\u20132007 (2014).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"39574_CR6","unstructured":"WHO\/FAO. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. WHO Technical Report Series 916. Geneva 2003."},{"issue":"2","key":"39574_CR7","first-page":"87","volume":"133","author":"M Dariush","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dariush, M. Dietary and policy priorities for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. Circulation 133(2), 87\u2013225 (2016).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9","key":"39574_CR8","first-page":"1","volume":"73","author":"LHG Schwingshackl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schwingshackl, L. H. G. Diet quality as assessed by dietary indices and health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr. Rev. 73(9), 1\u201315 (2015).","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"39574_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12433","volume":"1311","author":"NPMZ Steyn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Steyn, N. P. M. Z. Obesity and the nutrition transition in sub-Saharan Africa. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1311, 88\u2013101 (2014).","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"39574_CR10","first-page":"73","volume":"19","author":"BMRT Popkin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Popkin, B. M. R. T. Obesity and the food system transformation in sub-Saharan Africa. Glob Food Sec. 19, 73\u201382 (2018).","journal-title":"Glob Food Sec."},{"key":"39574_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S126314","volume":"10","author":"SDPC Pastakia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pastakia, S. D. P. C., Manyara, S. M. & Fischer, L. Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa\u2014from policy to practice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 10, 127\u2013136 (2017).","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes."},{"key":"39574_CR12","unstructured":"Health. EMo. National Strategic Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases. Addis Ababa 2016."},{"key":"39574_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-01037-z","volume":"22","author":"BSGT Tegegne","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tegegne, B. S. G. T. & Mulugeta, A. Nutritional knowledge and dietary practice among patients with diabetes in Southern Ethiopia. BMC Endocr. Disord. 22, 148 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Endocr. Disord."},{"key":"39574_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-020-00380-5","volume":"6","author":"EM Onyango","year":"2020","unstructured":"Onyango, E. M., Mbagaya, G. M. & Mutisya, R. Dietary patterns and glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes in Kenya. BMC Nutr. 6, 48 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"39574_CR15","first-page":"92","volume":"24","author":"DHL Worku","year":"2010","unstructured":"Worku, D. H. L. & Woldemichael, K. Patterns of diabetic complications in Ethiopia. Ethiop J. Health Dev. 24(2), 92\u201399 (2010).","journal-title":"Ethiop J. Health Dev."},{"key":"39574_CR16","first-page":"2632","volume":"17","author":"SH Gebreyesus","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gebreyesus, S. H., Lunde, T., Mariam, D. H., Woldehanna, T. & Lindtj\u00f8rn, B. Dietary patterns and associated factors among adults in Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Public Health Nutr. 17, 2632\u20132642 (2014).","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"issue":"16","key":"39574_CR17","first-page":"3029","volume":"21","author":"MKHS Gebremariam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gebremariam, M. K. H. S. et al. Dietary patterns and associated factors among Ethiopian adults. 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The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022: Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable (Rome, FAO, 2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4060\/cc0639en.","DOI":"10.4060\/cc0639en"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-39574-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-39574-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-39574-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T08:53:49Z","timestamp":1773996829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-39574-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["39574"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-39574-5","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7868350\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Wolaita Sodo University, (the committee\u2019s reference number: CHSM\/ERC\/01\/14). An informed written consent was obtained from each participant at the beginning of the study after explanation of the objectives of the study, procedures, and types of information to be obtained.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"9514"}}