{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T14:02:38Z","timestamp":1774533758670,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":34,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"This work was supported financially by the grant which has been taken from Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-39675-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T22:27:12Z","timestamp":1771626432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A pilot study reveals plasma metabolomic and lipidomic signatures of mustard lung disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"B. Fatemeh","family":"Nobakht M. Gh.","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"Bagheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uri","family":"Keshet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Ghanei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"39675_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_429.x","volume":"99","author":"M Balali-Mood","year":"2006","unstructured":"Balali-Mood, M. & Hefazi, M. Comparison of early and late toxic effects of sulfur mustard in Iranian veterans. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 99 (4), 273\u2013282 (2006).","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"39675_CR2","first-page":"103","volume":"43","author":"E Darchini-Maragheh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Darchini-Maragheh, E. & Balali-Mood, M. Delayed complications and long-term management of sulfur mustard poisoning: recent advances by Iranian researchers (part I of II). Iran. J. Med. Sci. 43 (2), 103 (2018).","journal-title":"Iran. J. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"39675_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-022-02081-y","volume":"20","author":"F Moradi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moradi, F., Moradi, F., Li, Y., Olin, A-C. & Daka, B. The impact of sulfur mustard on quality of life and mental health in Kurdish survivors in Sweden, Thirty years after exposure. Health Qual. Life Outcomes. 20 (1), 165 (2022).","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"12","key":"39675_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2028894","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.28894","volume":"3","author":"H Amini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amini, H. et al. Long-term health outcomes among survivors exposed to sulfur mustard in Iran. JAMA Netw. open. 3 (12), e2028894 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. open."},{"issue":"1","key":"39675_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2010.09.004","volume":"24","author":"B Weinberger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weinberger, B. et al. Sulfur mustard-induced pulmonary injury: therapeutic approaches to mitigating toxicity. Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther. 24 (1), 92\u201399 (2011).","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"39675_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.06.014","volume":"214","author":"K Kehe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kehe, K. & Szinicz, L. Medical aspects of sulphur mustard poisoning. Toxicology 214 (3), 198\u2013209 (2005).","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"39675_CR7","first-page":"e32","volume":"8","author":"K Kehe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kehe, K. et al. Sulfur mustard research\u2014strategies for the development of improved medical therapy. Eplasty 8, e32 (2008).","journal-title":"Eplasty"},{"key":"39675_CR8","unstructured":"Abtahi, H., Peiman, S., Foroumandi, M. & Safavi, E. Long term follow-up of sulfur mustard related bronchiolitis obliterans treatment. Acta Med. Iranica 605\u2013609 (2016)."},{"issue":"3","key":"39675_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1515\/intox-2017-0018","volume":"10","author":"A Shahriary","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shahriary, A., Ghanei, M. & Rahmani, H. The systemic nature of mustard lung: comparison with COPD patients. Interdiscipl. Toxicol. 10 (3), 114 (2017).","journal-title":"Interdiscipl. Toxicol."},{"issue":"13","key":"39675_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2012.725783","volume":"24","author":"H Saber","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saber, H., Saburi, A. & Ghanei, M. Clinical and paraclinical guidelines for management of sulfur mustard induced bronchiolitis obliterans; from bench to bedside. Inhalation Toxicol. 24 (13), 900\u2013906 (2012).","journal-title":"Inhalation Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"39675_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1600-0455.2003.00073.x","volume":"44","author":"M Bagheri","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bagheri, M., Hosseini, S., Mostafavi, S. & Alavi, S. High-resolution CT in chronic pulmonary changes after mustard gas exposure. Acta Radiol. 44 (3), 241\u2013245 (2003).","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"39675_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2004.03.018","volume":"52","author":"M Ghanei","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ghanei, M., Mokhtari, M., Mohammad, M. M. & Aslani, J. Bronchiolitis obliterans following exposure to sulfur mustard: chest high resolution computed tomography. Eur. J. Radiol. 52 (2), 164\u2013169 (2004).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"39675_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2008.01.016","volume":"102","author":"M Ghanei","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ghanei, M. et al. An international collaborative pathologic study of surgical lung biopsies from mustard gas-exposed patients. Respir. Med. 102 (6), 825\u2013830 (2008).","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"39675_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.100.5.1436","volume":"100","author":"L Freitag","year":"1991","unstructured":"Freitag, L., Firusian, N., Stamatis, G. & Greschuchna, D. The role of bronchoscopy in pulmonary complications due to mustard gas inhalation. Chest 100 (5), 1436\u20131441 (1991).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"39675_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114515","volume":"154","author":"V Jamshidi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jamshidi, V. et al. Plasma and urine metabolomics for the identification of diagnostic biomarkers for sulfur mustard-induced lung injury. Int. Immunopharmacol. 154, 114515 (2025).","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"39675_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.3109\/1354750X.2016.1153725","volume":"21","author":"BF Nobakht","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nobakht, B. F. et al. NMR-and GC\/MS-based metabolomics of sulfur mustard exposed individuals: a pilot study. Biomarkers 21 (6), 479\u2013489 (2016).","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"issue":"5","key":"39675_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750X.2016.1203995","volume":"22","author":"BF Nobakht","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nobakht, B. F. et al. NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomic study of serum in sulfur mustard exposed patients with lung disease. Biomarkers 22 (5), 413\u2013419 (2017).","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"issue":"1","key":"39675_CR18","first-page":"59","volume":"21","author":"BFNM Ghoochani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ghoochani, B. F. N. M. et al. Metabolomics diagnostic approach to mustard airway diseases: a preliminary study. Iran. J. Basic. Med. Sci. 21 (1), 59 (2018).","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"39675_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13530","volume":"25","author":"S Nambiar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nambiar, S., Bong How, S., Gummer, J., Trengove, R. & Moodley, Y. Metabolomics in chronic lung diseases. Respirology 25 (2), 139\u2013148 (2020).","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"1","key":"39675_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.09.018","volume":"25","author":"CB Newgard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Newgard, C. B. Metabolomics and metabolic diseases: where do we stand? Cell Metabol. 25 (1), 43\u201356 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell Metabol."},{"issue":"6","key":"39675_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9060111","volume":"9","author":"N Ran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ran, N. et al. An updated overview of metabolomic profile changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Metabolites 9 (6), 111 (2019).","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"39675_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chetwynd, A. J., Dunn, W. B. & Rodriguez-Blanco, G. Collection and Preparation of clinical samples for metabolomics. Metab. Fundam. Clin. Appl. 19\u201344 (2017).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-47656-8_2"},{"key":"39675_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ovbude, S. T. et al. Applications of chromatographic methods in metabolomics: A review. J. Chromatogr. B 124124 (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124124"},{"key":"39675_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2024.102466","volume":"80","author":"J McCullagh","year":"2024","unstructured":"McCullagh, J. & Probert, F. New analytical methods focusing on polar metabolite analysis in mass spectrometry and NMR-based metabolomics. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 80, 102466 (2024).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"39675_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13010088","volume":"13","author":"IT Ismail","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ismail, I. T. et al. Remodeling lipids in the transition from chronic liver disease to hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancers 13 (1), 88 (2020).","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"39675_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dahabiyeh, L. A., Nimer, R. M., Wells, J. D., Abu-Rish, E. Y. & Fiehn, O. Diagnosing parkinson\u2019s disease and monitoring its progression: biomarkers from combined GC-TOF MS and LC-MS\/MS untargeted metabolomics. Heliyon 10(9). (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e30452"},{"issue":"19","key":"39675_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7562","DOI":"10.1021\/ac800954c","volume":"80","author":"S Mahadevan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mahadevan, S., Shah, S. L., Marrie, T. J. & Slupsky, C. M. Analysis of metabolomic data using support vector machines. Anal. Chem. 80 (19), 7562\u20137570 (2008).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"39675_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345388","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1345388","volume":"15","author":"J Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, J. et al. Integrated metabolome and microbiome analysis reveals the effect of rumen-protected sulfur-containing amino acids on the meat quality of Tibetan sheep meat. Front. Microbiol. 15, 1345388 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"39675_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2022.153372","volume":"483","author":"N Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang, N., Zhang, P., Shen, W., Zhang, Y. & Zhou, W. Clinical and experimental research progress on neurotoxicity of sulfur mustard and its possible mechanisms. Toxicology 483, 153372 (2023).","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"3","key":"39675_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyx089","volume":"21","author":"Y Kageyama","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kageyama, Y. et al. Plasma nervonic acid is a potential biomarker for major depressive disorder: a pilot study. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 21 (3), 207\u2013215 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"39675_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0238796","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238796","volume":"15","author":"TJ Stradomska","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stradomska, T. J. et al. Serum very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) levels as predictive biomarkers of diseases severity and probability of survival in peroxisomal disorders. PLoS One. 15 (9), e0238796 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"39675_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1378","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00656.2013","volume":"306","author":"JM Rutkowsky","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rutkowsky, J. M. et al. Acylcarnitines activate Proinflammatory signaling pathways. Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. 306 (12), E1378\u2013E87 (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"4","key":"39675_CR33","first-page":"171","volume":"6","author":"S Ghaffarpour","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghaffarpour, S. et al. Evaluation of TLR4 gene expression in mustard gas injured persons\u2019 lungs. Iran. J. War Public. Health. 6 (4), 171\u2013176 (2014).","journal-title":"Iran. J. War Public. Health"},{"key":"39675_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sidletskaya, K., Vitkina, T. & Denisenko, Y. The role of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis. 1481\u20131493 (2020).","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S249131"},{"issue":"1","key":"39675_CR35","first-page":"653750","volume":"2015","author":"M Garcia de Acilu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Garcia de Acilu, M. et al. The role of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: A clinical review. Biomed. Res. Int. 2015 (1), 653750 (2015).","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"issue":"7","key":"39675_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2011.04.005","volume":"23","author":"J de Batlle","year":"2012","unstructured":"de Batlle, J. et al. Association between \u03a93 and \u03a96 fatty acid intakes and serum inflammatory markers in COPD. J. Nutr. Biochem. 23 (7), 817\u2013821 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"39675_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2016.10.012","volume":"372","author":"L Abdullah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdullah, L. et al. Translational potential of long-term decreases in mitochondrial lipids in a mouse model of Gulf war illness. Toxicology 372, 22\u201333 (2016).","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"2","key":"39675_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201312-2210OC","volume":"190","author":"ED Telenga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Telenga, E. D. et al. Untargeted lipidomic analysis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Uncovering sphingolipids. Am. J. Respir. Crit Care Med. 190 (2), 155\u2013164 (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"39675_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-01507-9","volume":"21","author":"D Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, D. et al. Identification of lipid biomarker from serum in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir. Res. 21 (1), 242 (2020).","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"39675_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, J., Li, Q., Liu, C., Pang, R. & Yin, Y. Plasma metabolomics and lipidomics reveal perturbed metabolites in different disease stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis. 553\u2013565. (2020).","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S229505"},{"key":"39675_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-018-2606-7","volume":"50","author":"A Zinellu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zinellu, A. et al. Systemic concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): state of the Art. Amino Acids. 50, 1169\u20131176 (2018).","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"4","key":"39675_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000414","volume":"68","author":"M-R Du","year":"2016","unstructured":"Du, M-R., Ju, G-X., Li, N-S. & Jiang, J-L. Role of asymmetrical dimethylarginine in diabetic microvascular complications. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 68 (4), 322\u2013326 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"39675_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13020212","volume":"13","author":"T Roshan Lal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roshan Lal, T., Cechinel, L. R., Freishtat, R. & Rastogi, D. Metabolic contributions to pathobiology of asthma. Metabolites 13 (2), 212 (2023).","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"2","key":"39675_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026611313020007","volume":"13","author":"G Bouras","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bouras, G. et al. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): a promising biomarker for cardiovascular disease? Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 13 (2), 180\u2013200 (2013).","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"39675_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12666","volume":"120","author":"B Darvishi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Darvishi, B., Panahi, Y., Ghanei, M. & Farahmand, L. Investigating prevalence and pattern of Long-term cardiovascular disorders in sulphur Mustard\u2010exposed victims and determining proper biomarkers for early Defining, monitoring and analysis of patients\u2019 feedback on therapy. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 120 (2), 120\u2013130 (2017).","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"39675_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01698","volume":"11","author":"M Becerra-Diaz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Becerra-Diaz, M., Song, M. & Heller, N. Androgen and androgen receptors as regulators of monocyte and macrophage biology in the healthy and diseased lung. Front. Immunol. 11, 1698 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"39675_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2019.108509","volume":"153","author":"LM Monta\u00f1o","year":"2020","unstructured":"Monta\u00f1o, L. M., Flores-Soto, E., Sommer, B., Sol\u00eds-Chagoy\u00e1n, H. & Perusqu\u00eda, M. Androgens are effective bronchodilators with anti-inflammatory properties: A potential alternative for asthma therapy. Steroids 153, 108509 (2020).","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"issue":"10","key":"39675_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-214875","volume":"75","author":"Y-Y Han","year":"2020","unstructured":"Han, Y-Y. et al. Serum free testosterone and asthma, asthma hospitalisations and lung function in British adults. Thorax 75 (10), 849\u2013854 (2020).","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"3","key":"39675_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2797(01)00275-7","volume":"138","author":"S Shahin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shahin, S., Cullinane, C. & Gray, P. J. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage induced by sulphur mustard in keratinocytes. Chemico-Biol. Interact. 138 (3), 231\u2013245 (2001).","journal-title":"Chemico-Biol. Interact."},{"issue":"3","key":"39675_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.108.145037","volume":"328","author":"NS Gould","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gould, N. S., White, C. W. & Day, B. J. A role for mitochondrial oxidative stress in sulfur mustard analog 2-chloroethyl Ethyl sulfide-induced lung cell injury and antioxidant protection. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 328 (3), 732\u2013739 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"39675_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947387","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.947387","volume":"13","author":"Y Yan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yan, Y. et al. Adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase contributes to skeletal muscle health through the control of mitochondrial function. Front. Pharmacol. 13, 947387 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"39675_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6644002","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6644002","volume":"2021","author":"MA Antunes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Antunes, M. A., Lopes-Pacheco, M. & Rocco, P. R. Oxidative stress-derived mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A concise review. Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev. 2021 (1), 6644002 (2021).","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"39675_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e83064","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.83064","volume":"12","author":"I Mateska","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mateska, I. et al. Succinate mediates inflammation-induced adrenocortical dysfunction. Elife 12, e83064 (2023).","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"39675_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2019.101365","volume":"28","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Succinate accumulation induces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and promotes status epilepticus in the Kainic acid rat model. Redox Biol. 28, 101365 (2020).","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"issue":"7444","key":"39675_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11986","volume":"496","author":"G Tannahill","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tannahill, G. et al. Succinate is an inflammatory signal that induces IL-1\u03b2 through HIF-1\u03b1. Nature 496 (7444), 238\u2013242 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"39675_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y-H. et al. Gut microbiota-derived succinate aggravates acute lung injury after intestinal ischaemia\/reperfusion in mice. Eur. Respir. J. 61(2). (2023).","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00840-2022"},{"issue":"9","key":"39675_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2014.920439","volume":"26","author":"M Shohrati","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shohrati, M., Karimzadeh, I., Saburi, A., Khalili, H. & Ghanei, M. The role of N-acetylcysteine in the management of acute and chronic pulmonary complications of sulfur mustard: a literature review. Inhalation Toxicol. 26 (9), 507\u2013523 (2014).","journal-title":"Inhalation Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"39675_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3109\/01480545.2010.505238","volume":"34","author":"M Pohanka","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pohanka, M., Sobotka, J., Jilkova, M. & Stetina, R. Oxidative stress after sulfur mustard intoxication and its reduction by melatonin: efficacy of antioxidant therapy during serious intoxication. Drug Chem. Toxicol. 34 (1), 85\u201391 (2011).","journal-title":"Drug Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"39675_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-006-9047-6","volume":"20","author":"W-H Tong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tong, W-H. & Rouault, T. A. Metabolic regulation of citrate and iron by aconitases: role of iron\u2013sulfur cluster biogenesis. Biometals 20, 549\u2013564 (2007).","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"issue":"2","key":"39675_CR60","first-page":"159","volume":"10","author":"V Tejwani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tejwani, V. et al. Airway and systemic prostaglandin E2 association with COPD symptoms and macrophage phenotype. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis. J. COPD Found. 10 (2), 159 (2023).","journal-title":"Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis. J. COPD Found."},{"issue":"5","key":"39675_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.1993.tb00465.x","volume":"13","author":"\u017d Dujisc","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dujisc, \u017d., Eterovic, D., Tocilj, J., Kusid, Z. & \u010capkun, V. About mechanisms of prostaglandin E1 induced deterioration of pulmonary gas exchange in COPD patients. Clin. Physiol. 13 (5), 497\u2013506 (1993).","journal-title":"Clin. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"39675_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260465","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/260465","volume":"2015","author":"CF Gon\u00e7alves-de-Albuquerque","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves-de-Albuquerque, C. F., Silva, A. R., Burth, P., Castro-Faria, M. V. & Castro-Faria-Neto, H. C. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: role of oleic acid-triggered lung injury and inflammation. Mediat. Inflamm. 2015 (1), 260465 (2015).","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"39675_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves-de-Albuquerque, C. F., Silva, A. R., Burth, P., Castro-Faria, M. V. & Castro-Faria-Neto, H. C. Oleic Acid and Lung Injury. Handbook of Lipids in Human Function, 605\u2013634 (Elsevier, 2016).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-63067-036-8.00023-8"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-39675-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-39675-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-39675-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T13:07:58Z","timestamp":1774530478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-39675-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["39675"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-39675-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"In preparing this publication, the authors utilized Gemini for paraphrasing some sections of the article. Following the use of this tool, the content was thoroughly reviewed and edited by the authors, who assume full responsibility for the final published article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process"}}],"article-number":"10038"}}